4.4Integration of Terraced Landscapes into Spatial Planning and Cultural Heritage

A recent study (Ažman Momirski and Berčič 2016) reviewed documents at the national level (laws and strategies) and local level (spatial documents) to determine whether and how they refer to terraced landscapes. The selected documents under review can be divided into spatial and sectoral texts. The final findings have shown that sectoral legislation covers only a small portion of landscape topics, but it does contain an essential part regarding terraced landscapes. On the other hand, the Spatial Development Strategy of Slovenia (OdSPRS 2004) provides suitable—but very general—guidelines, which are often vague and with no requirements for how to deal with landscapes at the local level. Terraced landscapes are hidden within the term cultural landscape and are undeniably considered part of the cultural landscape; certain statements also apply to terraced regions. In addition, parts of the strategy are obsolete due to changes in data, new strategic global and EU orientations, and so on. National documents mainly specify general guidelines, and so it is necessary to emphasize that more accurate data are needed at the operational level in order to define landscape diversity and other landscape issues. The fact that terraced landscapes are built, constructed landscapes (Ažman Momirski et al. 2007; Ažman Momirski and Kladnik 2008, 2009, 2015a, b) and that precise rules and methods for their construction exist today has not been made evident. No national or municipal document includes the search phrase terraced landscape.

It is possible to find many examples of terraced landscapes in the Register of Slovenian Cultural Heritage, which is a central repository of data on heritage maintained by the Slovenia Ministry of Culture, which is responsible for heritage. The purpose of the register is to provide information support to implementing heritage protection. There are 220 immovable cultural heritage units registered as cultural landscapes in the category “type of unit,” but not all of them are examples of terraced landscapes. Every entry contains basic data: the name of the monument or site, its number (used in all procedures related to heritage conservation), the type and sort of heritage (of local or national importance), the location, and a short description. These descriptions highlight individual properties of the registered1 landscapes and make it evident whether the landscape contains terraces or not. The register includes terraced landscapes in all parts of Slovenia: for example, in the Mediterranean region the Boršt area (no. 15,089) in the Koper Hills and cultural terraces in Korte (no. 21,627) in the countryside outside Izola; in the Alpine region terraced agricultural land divided by hedges in Zgornja Javoršica (no. 16,695); in the Pannonian region the Jeruzalem Hills with their terraced vineyards (no. 7867); and in the Dinaric region the terraced landscapes of Knej (no. 18,465). The main

1“Registered heritage” refers to heritage that is entered in the register and is not a monument. Landscape heritage is defined as a heritage site that is an open space with natural and artificial components in its structure, the development and use of which are chiefly determined by human processes and activities.

fear of the people that work and live in the terraced landscapes defined as heritage sites is that the protection measures could pose many obstacles for their lives, work, and residence. Terraces will survive in their complexity and uniqueness only if they satisfy the needs of the people involved in terraced landscapes, and if these people decide to keep them, protect them, and continue working there.

4.5Conclusion

General knowledge and acknowledgment of terraced landscapes have greatly expanded in Slovenia in the twenty-first century. The international development of the theme is stimulating further identification of terraced systems and their technologies, research on their social organization, studies of natural hazards and land degradation, conservation and development of terraced landscapes, their role in agricultural production and food security, and tourism development and promotion. Last but not least, it is important to pay attention to policies, regulations, and management for preserving terraced landscapes and their functions.

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