IX. Complete the following sentences using variants (a) or (b).

1. A revolving shovel digs soil

1. while standing at one place

2. while moving continuously

2. Ditchers dig soil

1. while moving continuously

2. while standing at one place

3. Quarry shovels have bucket capacities of

1. 0.15 – 4 cubic meters

2. 4 – 8 cubic meters

4. Walking draglines are used for

a) digging deep cuts in soft soil

b) digging very heavy soils

5. Special heavy type shovels are designed with

1. different changeable attachments

2. only one type of attachments

X. Use the Gerund instead of the Infinitive.

Example : Jacks are used for raising a load to a small height.

Jacks are used to raise a load to a small height.

1. Hoists are used for assembling machines.

2. Building shovels are employed for excavating building materials.

3. Quarry shovels are intended for digging very heavy soils.

4. Stripping shovels are used for removing the capping.

5. Walking draglines are employed for digging deep cuts in soft soil.

6. Loaders are used for handling piece or loose loads.

XI. Insert the verbs in the proper form. Translate the sentences.

1. Revolving shovels … into different types.

2. Building shovels … for excavating building materials.

3. A revolving shovel … soil while standing at one place.

4. A ditcher … continuously.

5. Revolving shovels … into universal, semi-universal and special types.

6. Most building shovels … by a diesel engine.

7. Most commonly semi-universal shovels … a face shovel, a dragline and a crane.

XII. Fill in the necessary prepositions. Translate the sentences.

1. Revolving shovels are most widely used … all branches … construction.

2. Building shovels are used … various alternative attachments.

3. Stripping shovels are employed … removing the capping and dumping it … piles … open-cast mining.

4. A diesel engine can be replaced … an electric motor powered … the mains.

5. Walking draglines are used … digging deep cuts … soft soil … hydro-technical construction.

6. Quarry shovels are intended … extracting raw materials.

7.Universal shovels are designed … operating … various alternative attachment.

8. Most building shovels are powered … a diesel engine.

9. Revolving shovels may be classified … their purpose, running gear, etc.

XIII. Make up questions according to the models using the words given below.

Models: 1. What do you know about revolving shovels ?

building shovels

quarry shovels

stripping shovels

walking draglines

2. What can you say about ditchers ?

universal shovels

special heavy-type shovels

draglines

the power plant of a shovel

XIV. Ask questions on the underlined words.

1. Revolving shovels can be classified by their purpose.

2. Building shovels have bucket capacities of 0.15 – 4 cubic meters.

3. Universal shovels are designed to operate with various alternative attachments.

4. Stripping shovels remove the capping.

5. Quarry shovels dig very heavy soils.

XV. Express your doubt and put general questions to the statements.

Example: Revolving shovels can be classified by bucket capacities.

Is it really so? Can they be classified by bucket capacity?

1. Revolving shovels can be subdivided into universal, semi-universal and special types.

2. Revolving shovels can be classified by the type of power plant.

3. Stripping shovels have bucket capacities of 4 – 10 cubic meters.

4. Semi-universal shovels have one or two auxiliary rigs.

5. Quarry shovels are intended for digging very heavy soils.

6. Stripping shovels are used for removing the capping.