В. Дополнение к прилагательному

МОДЕЛЬ I (прилагательное + ИНФ)

It is difficult to understand him = He is difficult to understand – Его трудно понять (при переводе английское подлежащее станет дополнением, а все предложение трансформируется в безличное)

МОДЕЛЬ II (сущ. + прилагательное + ИНФ)

This is a very difficult question to answer – Ответить на этот вопрос очень трудно.

Jill is an interesting person to talk to – Говорить с Джил интересно. (при переводе подлежащее также становится дополнением)

МОДЕЛЬ III (прил./причастие II, обозначающие чувства + ИНФ)

I was sorry to hear your father died – Мне очень жаль слышать, что…

I was delighted to receive your letter – Мне было приятно (Я рад) получить…

(переводится безличным, английское подлежащее ставится в дат. падеж).

МОДЕЛЬ IV (IT IS + прилагательное + OF SOMEBODY + ИНФ)

It was careless of John to leave the door open – Было очень неосторожно со стороны Джона оставить дверь открытой/ Джон был очень неосторожен и …

4. ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ (отвечает на вопрос КАКОЙ?):

А) К СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОМУ. Употребляется после существительного, если ПЕРЕД ним нет определения:

Have you got a work to do today? – У тебя есть работа, КОТОРУЮ ты ДОЛЖЕН выполнить сегодня?

He is not the man to be asked for the help – Он не тот человек, КОТОРОГО МОЖНО попросить о помощи.

(переводится с помощью придаточного с союзом «который» и словами «можно, нужно, необходимо» или «будет»).

B. К НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОМУ МЕСТОИМЕНИЮ:

Have you got anything to eat? – У тебя есть что-нибудь поесть?

Here is something for you to treаt your cold – Вот кое-что для тебя, чтобы вылечить твою простуду.

C) К порядковому ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОМУ и словам NEXT/LAST

He is always the first to know the news – Он всегда узнает новости ПЕРВЫМ

Who was the last to come? – Кто пришел ПОСЛЕДНИМ?

The next train to arrive at the platform will be 6.55 to London – СЛЕДУЮЩИМ поездом, КОТОРЫЙ придет на эту станцию, будет …

Инфинитив переводится личной формой и становится сказуемым, числительное ставится в творительный падеж.

5. ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВО. Зависит от глагола, отвечает на вопросы ЗАЧЕМ? ДЛЯ ЧЕГО?).

А) ЦЕЛИ. Часто употребляется в начале предложения, возможен союз предлог IN ORDER TO = чтобы:

I went out to post a letter – Вышел, ЧТОБЫ отправить письмо.

He telephoned me to invite me to the party – Позвонил, ЧТОБЫ пригласить…

В) СЛЕДСТВИЯ (после прилагательных со словами TOO и ENOUGH):

He is too old to drive a car – Он слишком стар, ЧТОБЫ водить машину.

He is clever enough not to make such mistakes – Он достаточно умен, ЧТОБЫ не совершать …

TASK 13. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the function of Infinitive and the difference between Active Infinitive and Passive Infinitive.

1. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet. 2. To improve your phonetics you should record yourself and analyze your speech. 3. This is the book to be read during the summer holidays. 4. To be instructed by such a good specialist was a great advantage. 5. The professor did not like to be interrupted. 6. He is very forgetful, but he doesn't like to be reminded of his duties.

TASK 14. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the Perfect Infinitive.

1. I am very happy to have had the pleasure of making your acquaintance. 2. I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 3. I am sorry to have added some more trouble by what I have told you. 4. She remembered to have been told a lot about this outstanding researcher. 5. The post graduates were delighted to have been consulted by the experienced researcher.

TASK 15. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the function of Infinitive.

1. I have no books to read. 2. Is there anybody to help you with your analysis? 3. Don't forget that she has a baby to take care of. 4. There was nothing to do except (кроме как) go home. 5. I have an examination to take soon, so I can't go to the club with you. 6. Here is something to warm you up. 7. Here are some more facts to prove (доказать) that your theory is correct. 8. Here are some articles to be translated for tomorrow. 9. Soon we found another compli­cated (сложный) problem to consider. 10. Here is a man to do this work. 11. They have a lot of work to finish in time. 12. Our professors give us a lot of facts to learn. 13. To explain the problem he drew diagrams all over the blackboard. 14. We could catch a taxi, but to save money we took a bus.

TASK 16. Open the brackets choosing the correct form of Infinitive.

1. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 2. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about. 3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 4. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 5. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 6. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 7. The enemy army was reported (to overthrow) the defence lines and (to advance) to­wards the suburbs of the city. 8. The woman pre­tended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 9. You seem (to look) for trouble. 10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was cov­ered with a deep layer of snow. 11. Perhaps it would upset her (to tell) the truth of the matter. 12. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months.

TASK 17. Translate into Russian using the correct form of Infinitive.

1. Мне очень жаль, что я пропустил эту инте­ресную лекцию. 2. Она счастлива, что слышала концерт известного итальянского дирижера. 3. Она рада, что присутствовала на лекции. 4. Он очень доволен, что закончил свою книгу. 5. Наши спорт смены гордятся тем, что выиграли кубок. 6. Он попросил, чтобы его проводили в актовый зал. 7. Я только хочу, чтобы мне позволили помочь вам. 8. Я был благодарен, что мне дали комнату с большим окном. 9. Он был счастлив, что вер­нулся домой. 10. Он был счастлив, что снова дома. 11. Я сожалею, что прервал вас. 12. Я рад, что дал вам нужные сведения.

TASK 18. Translate the sentences and determine the function of Infinitive:

1. To con­struct an experiment of this kind seems nearly impossible. 2. We attempted to carry out this investigation. 3. To perform this work one must have all the necessary equipment. 4. With these conditions there are also opposing factors to be consid­ered. 5. It is too urgent a matter to be postponed. 6. Thomas was the first to focus attention on this type of reaction. 7. To judge by the results ob­tained, the postulate of these workers proved correct. 8. In order to demonstrate the effect Table 1 is given. 9. Our purpose here is to at­tempt to give an answer to the unsolved problem outlined at the outset. 10. Two numbers – latitude and longitude, for instance, are enough to fix your position. 11. The important thing is to understand what you are doing, rather than to get the right answer. 12. This correspondence dealt with books published or to be published. 13. To have got into the tradition of science in that way is to me more pleas­ing than to be specially mentioned. 14. The Navy was too new, too small and not experienced enough to resist the enemy's fleet. 15. To have included all these works in this preliminary paper would have been too great and too difficult a task. 16. He felt that the only thing to do was to study their methods and ideas. 17. For him, however, obstacles existed only to be overcome. 18. These conflicting views suffice to indicate the complexity of the problem. 19. To solve the problem would justify all the costs. 20. There is a tendency to act like an expert when being inter­viewed, and experts do not like to be asked questions they cannot an­swer. 21. The method is not accurate enough to give reliable results. 22. Our task is to make theory and experiment agree as closely as pos­sible.

STRUCTURES WITH INFINITIVE