- •Part 1. Grammar and structure of scientific text
- •1. Виды научных текстов: реферат и аннотация
- •2. Грамматические особенности современных англоязычных научных текстов
- •Participle I (-ing-forms)
- •Participle II (past, passive: -ed ending or the 3rd form of iregular verbs
- •Перевод разных форм причастия
- •Russian english translation
- •Функции причастия в предложении
- •Participal constructions (обороты)
- •Functions of gerund
- •Всегда с предлогом, зависит от глагола-сказуемого
- •Besides – besides being a philosopher he is a good writer – не только, но и; помимо; кроме
- •Revision tasks on ing-forms
- •I. Define the part of speech of ing-forms
- •Infinitive
- •В. Дополнение к прилагательному
- •I. Complex object
- •II. Complex subject
- •Part 2. Practicing professional communication section 1 reading and summarizing information
- •Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the Ancient Near East: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives
- •It is reported that...
- •Stonehenge
- •It is claimed that....
- •Text for discussion
- •The theory of knowledge
- •Discussion
- •Pretext tasks
- •History is a many-layered cake
- •Scientific research
- •Stages in conducting research
- •Great archaeologists
- •Vere Gordon Childe
- •How to present a paper at a meeting
- •Additional texts a north american stonehenge
- •The surprises of prehistory
- •The sacred landscape of ancient ireland by Ronald Hicks
- •2. Research Problem Active Vocabulary
- •Complete the sentences which contain the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about your research problem.
- •3. Historical Background of Research Problem Active Vocabulary
- •Answer the questions:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about the historical background of your research problem.
- •Work in pairs.
- •Act out the situation.
- •4. Current Research. Purpose and Methods Active Vocabulary
- •5. Current Research. Results and Conclusion Active Vocabulary
- •Complete the sentences which contain the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about your research results and conclusions.
- •6. Conference Active Vocabulary
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the Active Vocabulary Section:
- •Stimulating a discussion
- •Ending a meeting
- •8. Presenting a Paper Active Vocabulary
- •Introductory Paper Speech Patterns
- •Section 3 writing research papers
- •1. Gathering Data and Writing Summary Notes
- •2. Organizing Ideas
- •3. Writing the Paper: Structure, Linguistics and Style
- •The title
- •Introduction
- •Conclusion
- •Sample 1
- •Visual interpretation of prehistoric rock art (introduction) by l. Janik, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- •1. To give the historical background of the investigation and to formulate the problem:
- •2. To make a brief review of related literature:
- •3. To justify the need for your investigation:
- •4. To state the purpose of the research:
- •Methods and Techniques
- •1. The Title tasks
- •2. Abstract Writing tasks
- •3. The Structure of a Technical Report tasks
- •4. Acknowledgements tasks
- •5. References tasks
- •How to Write a Scientific Report
- •1. The Title
- •2. Abstract Writing
- •3. The Structure of a Report
- •4. Acknowledgements
- •5. References
- •6. Bibliography and Appendices
- •7. The Style of a Scientific Report
- •Section 4 writing letters
- •1. Letter Layout
- •Components of a Letter
- •Sample of a formal letter and an envelope
- •Model Envelope
- •2. Letters of Invitation
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2 Second International Conference on Asian Rock and Cave Art arca October 31 – November 4, 2010 International Conference Center Kobe Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
- •Letter 3
- •International Conference on Integrational Process in Globalization Conditions August 3–7, 2012, San Francisco, California, usa
- •Letter 4
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •4. Letters of Inquiry
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •1. Write a letter of inquiry in which you:
- •2. Now read the samples and note how to give a favourable reply to an inquiry. Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 5
- •Additional list of phrases for writing letters
- •Closing Phrases
- •Replies to Enquires
- •Test on letter-writing situations
- •Appendix Latin Words and Abbreviations
- •Latin Prefixes and Elements
- •Reading Mathematical Symbols
- •Measurements (Inantimate)
- •Weights and Measures
- •List of International Words
- •Библиографический список
- •Логунов Тимур Александрович английский язык для магистрантов-историков
The sacred landscape of ancient ireland by Ronald Hicks
Evidence from both excavations and rare manuscripts reveal much about early Ireland’s cosmology and its people’s deep connection to the land
A brilliant example is the royal site of Tara near the midpoint of the north-south line connecting Emain Macha and Dún Ailinne. Referred to in medieval manuscripts, the largest enclosure of Tara, Fort of Kings, encircles three others: A possible ring barrow called King’s Seat sits alongside a ring fort called Cormac’s House, and the small mound is a passage tumulus called Mound of the Hostages.
The significance of this arrangement is still unknown, but it is notable. Archaeological work shows that early activity at these sites may have had to do with burials, and that these enclosures were constructed during the Iron Age. Surprisingly, none of them are suitable for defense. Instead, each seems to mark off an area that only makes sense if viewed as sacred.
One of the compelling things about doing archaeological work in Ireland is that the early medieval manuscripts preserve so many tales surrounding these sites. Some stories are clearly mythological, others are pseudohistory – medieval invention – and it isn’t always easy to tell them apart. Even so, they are essential in developing a full understanding of the sites. And, in turn, by studying the sites archaeologically, we can begin to understand some of the meaning behind the myths. Collections of Old and Middle Irish stories called dindshenchas, literally “histories of places,” were compiled between the tenth and twelfth centuries A. D. and imply a sacred geography for the pre-Christian sites in Ireland. All the places listed in these stories are connected with the old gods.
SECTION 2
SPEAKING
1. Field of Science and Research
Active Vocabulary
to do/to carry on/to carry out/to conduct research
to contribute to/to make a contribution to
to influence/to affect / to have an effect on/upon
to study/to make studies/to investigate/to explore
to put forward an idea
to suggest an idea/a theory/a hypothesis
to advance/to develop/to modify a theory
to predict/to forecast/to foresee
to accumulate knowledge
field of science/research
a new area of research
current branch/field of research
latest/recent achievements/developments/advances
a(an) outstanding/prominent/world-known scientist/researcher
Tasks
A. Answer the questions:
What is your field of science/research?
What are the current issues in your field of science/research?
Have new areas of research appeared in recent years?
What is your particular area of research?
What are the latest achievements in your field of science/research?
Have many fundamental discoveries been made in your field of science/research?
Can you name some outstanding researchers in your field of science? What contribution have they made?
Do achievements in your branch of science/research influence everyday life? In what way?
What further developments can you predict in your field of science/research?
B. Complete the sentences which contain the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about your field of science/research.
I do research in the field of....
It is the science/a comparatively new branch of science that studies...
The field of science/research that I'm concerned with gathers knowledge about...
Major developments include advances in....
Remarkable advances have been made in....
The branches of science contributing a lot to progress in my field of research are ....
My current field of science/research is ....
It's difficult/not difficult to foresee/forecast/predict....
C. Work in pairs.
Ask for and give information on your field of science and research.
D. Act out the situation.
Two students are discussing the progress made in their fields of science and its influence on life today.