- •Part 1. Grammar and structure of scientific text
- •1. Виды научных текстов: реферат и аннотация
- •2. Грамматические особенности современных англоязычных научных текстов
- •Participle I (-ing-forms)
- •Participle II (past, passive: -ed ending or the 3rd form of iregular verbs
- •Перевод разных форм причастия
- •Russian english translation
- •Функции причастия в предложении
- •Participal constructions (обороты)
- •Functions of gerund
- •Всегда с предлогом, зависит от глагола-сказуемого
- •Besides – besides being a philosopher he is a good writer – не только, но и; помимо; кроме
- •Revision tasks on ing-forms
- •I. Define the part of speech of ing-forms
- •Infinitive
- •В. Дополнение к прилагательному
- •I. Complex object
- •II. Complex subject
- •Part 2. Practicing professional communication section 1 reading and summarizing information
- •Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the Ancient Near East: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives
- •It is reported that...
- •Stonehenge
- •It is claimed that....
- •Text for discussion
- •The theory of knowledge
- •Discussion
- •Pretext tasks
- •History is a many-layered cake
- •Scientific research
- •Stages in conducting research
- •Great archaeologists
- •Vere Gordon Childe
- •How to present a paper at a meeting
- •Additional texts a north american stonehenge
- •The surprises of prehistory
- •The sacred landscape of ancient ireland by Ronald Hicks
- •2. Research Problem Active Vocabulary
- •Complete the sentences which contain the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about your research problem.
- •3. Historical Background of Research Problem Active Vocabulary
- •Answer the questions:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about the historical background of your research problem.
- •Work in pairs.
- •Act out the situation.
- •4. Current Research. Purpose and Methods Active Vocabulary
- •5. Current Research. Results and Conclusion Active Vocabulary
- •Complete the sentences which contain the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about your research results and conclusions.
- •6. Conference Active Vocabulary
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the Active Vocabulary Section:
- •Stimulating a discussion
- •Ending a meeting
- •8. Presenting a Paper Active Vocabulary
- •Introductory Paper Speech Patterns
- •Section 3 writing research papers
- •1. Gathering Data and Writing Summary Notes
- •2. Organizing Ideas
- •3. Writing the Paper: Structure, Linguistics and Style
- •The title
- •Introduction
- •Conclusion
- •Sample 1
- •Visual interpretation of prehistoric rock art (introduction) by l. Janik, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- •1. To give the historical background of the investigation and to formulate the problem:
- •2. To make a brief review of related literature:
- •3. To justify the need for your investigation:
- •4. To state the purpose of the research:
- •Methods and Techniques
- •1. The Title tasks
- •2. Abstract Writing tasks
- •3. The Structure of a Technical Report tasks
- •4. Acknowledgements tasks
- •5. References tasks
- •How to Write a Scientific Report
- •1. The Title
- •2. Abstract Writing
- •3. The Structure of a Report
- •4. Acknowledgements
- •5. References
- •6. Bibliography and Appendices
- •7. The Style of a Scientific Report
- •Section 4 writing letters
- •1. Letter Layout
- •Components of a Letter
- •Sample of a formal letter and an envelope
- •Model Envelope
- •2. Letters of Invitation
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2 Second International Conference on Asian Rock and Cave Art arca October 31 – November 4, 2010 International Conference Center Kobe Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
- •Letter 3
- •International Conference on Integrational Process in Globalization Conditions August 3–7, 2012, San Francisco, California, usa
- •Letter 4
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •4. Letters of Inquiry
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •1. Write a letter of inquiry in which you:
- •2. Now read the samples and note how to give a favourable reply to an inquiry. Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 5
- •Additional list of phrases for writing letters
- •Closing Phrases
- •Replies to Enquires
- •Test on letter-writing situations
- •Appendix Latin Words and Abbreviations
- •Latin Prefixes and Elements
- •Reading Mathematical Symbols
- •Measurements (Inantimate)
- •Weights and Measures
- •List of International Words
- •Библиографический список
- •Логунов Тимур Александрович английский язык для магистрантов-историков
It is claimed that....
The paper also claims that....
The paper points out that....
Attention is given to ....
Attention is also concentrated on ... .
Text for discussion
Before you read:
1. "What goal can be reached by the science to which I am dedicating myself?" is the question that interested Albert Einstein. What answer would you give to this question?
2. Now read the text and find other questions Albert Einstein asked in his letter.
The theory of knowledge
(from Albert Einstein's letter of 1916)
"How does a normally talented research scientist come to concern himself with the theory of knowledge? Is there not more valuable work to be done in his field? I hear this from many of my professional colleagues; or rather, I sense in the case of many more of them that this is what they feel."
"I cannot share this opinion. When I think of the ablest students whom I have encountered in teaching – i. e., those who distinguished themselves by their independence of judgment, and not only mere agility – I find that they had a lively concern for the theory of knowledge. They liked to start discussions concerning the aims and methods of the sciences, and showed unequivocally by the obstinacy with which they defended their views that this subject seemed important to them."
"This is really not astonishing. For when I turn to science not for some superficial reason such as money-making or ambition, and also not (or at least not exclusively) for the pleasure of the sport, the delights of brain-athletics, then the following questions must burningly interest me as a disciple of this science: What goal will and can be reached by the science to which I am dedicating myself? To what extent are its general results "true"? What is essential, and what is based only on the accidents of development? ..."
"Concepts which have proved useful for ordering things easily assume so great an authority over us, that we forget their terrestrial origin and accept them as unalterable facts. They then become labelled as "conceptual necessities," "a priori situations," etc. The road of scientific progress is frequently blocked for long periods by such errors. It is therefore not just an idle game to exercise our ability to analyze familiar concepts, and to demonstrate the conditions on which their justification and usefulness depend, and the way in which these developed, little by little..."
Discussion
How would you answer the questions?
Do you think the questions suggested in paragraph 1 were posed by Albert Einstein? Give your reasons to confirm your answer / opinion.
What opinion is expressed in paragraph 1? Why couldn't Albert Einstein share that opinion?
Why do you think the questions posed by Albert Einstein in paragraph 3 burningly interested him?
Comment on the idea expressed in the sentence "The road of scientific progress is frequently blocked for long periods by such errors."
"Scientific progress is impossible without being concerned with the theory of knowledge." Agree or disagree.