- •Part 1. Grammar and structure of scientific text
- •1. Виды научных текстов: реферат и аннотация
- •2. Грамматические особенности современных англоязычных научных текстов
- •Participle I (-ing-forms)
- •Participle II (past, passive: -ed ending or the 3rd form of iregular verbs
- •Перевод разных форм причастия
- •Russian english translation
- •Функции причастия в предложении
- •Participal constructions (обороты)
- •Functions of gerund
- •Всегда с предлогом, зависит от глагола-сказуемого
- •Besides – besides being a philosopher he is a good writer – не только, но и; помимо; кроме
- •Revision tasks on ing-forms
- •I. Define the part of speech of ing-forms
- •Infinitive
- •В. Дополнение к прилагательному
- •I. Complex object
- •II. Complex subject
- •Part 2. Practicing professional communication section 1 reading and summarizing information
- •Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the Ancient Near East: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives
- •It is reported that...
- •Stonehenge
- •It is claimed that....
- •Text for discussion
- •The theory of knowledge
- •Discussion
- •Pretext tasks
- •History is a many-layered cake
- •Scientific research
- •Stages in conducting research
- •Great archaeologists
- •Vere Gordon Childe
- •How to present a paper at a meeting
- •Additional texts a north american stonehenge
- •The surprises of prehistory
- •The sacred landscape of ancient ireland by Ronald Hicks
- •2. Research Problem Active Vocabulary
- •Complete the sentences which contain the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about your research problem.
- •3. Historical Background of Research Problem Active Vocabulary
- •Answer the questions:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about the historical background of your research problem.
- •Work in pairs.
- •Act out the situation.
- •4. Current Research. Purpose and Methods Active Vocabulary
- •5. Current Research. Results and Conclusion Active Vocabulary
- •Complete the sentences which contain the words from the Active Vocabulary Section. Speak about your research results and conclusions.
- •6. Conference Active Vocabulary
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the Active Vocabulary Section:
- •Stimulating a discussion
- •Ending a meeting
- •8. Presenting a Paper Active Vocabulary
- •Introductory Paper Speech Patterns
- •Section 3 writing research papers
- •1. Gathering Data and Writing Summary Notes
- •2. Organizing Ideas
- •3. Writing the Paper: Structure, Linguistics and Style
- •The title
- •Introduction
- •Conclusion
- •Sample 1
- •Visual interpretation of prehistoric rock art (introduction) by l. Janik, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- •1. To give the historical background of the investigation and to formulate the problem:
- •2. To make a brief review of related literature:
- •3. To justify the need for your investigation:
- •4. To state the purpose of the research:
- •Methods and Techniques
- •1. The Title tasks
- •2. Abstract Writing tasks
- •3. The Structure of a Technical Report tasks
- •4. Acknowledgements tasks
- •5. References tasks
- •How to Write a Scientific Report
- •1. The Title
- •2. Abstract Writing
- •3. The Structure of a Report
- •4. Acknowledgements
- •5. References
- •6. Bibliography and Appendices
- •7. The Style of a Scientific Report
- •Section 4 writing letters
- •1. Letter Layout
- •Components of a Letter
- •Sample of a formal letter and an envelope
- •Model Envelope
- •2. Letters of Invitation
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2 Second International Conference on Asian Rock and Cave Art arca October 31 – November 4, 2010 International Conference Center Kobe Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
- •Letter 3
- •International Conference on Integrational Process in Globalization Conditions August 3–7, 2012, San Francisco, California, usa
- •Letter 4
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •4. Letters of Inquiry
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •1. Write a letter of inquiry in which you:
- •2. Now read the samples and note how to give a favourable reply to an inquiry. Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 5
- •Additional list of phrases for writing letters
- •Closing Phrases
- •Replies to Enquires
- •Test on letter-writing situations
- •Appendix Latin Words and Abbreviations
- •Latin Prefixes and Elements
- •Reading Mathematical Symbols
- •Measurements (Inantimate)
- •Weights and Measures
- •List of International Words
- •Библиографический список
- •Логунов Тимур Александрович английский язык для магистрантов-историков
Всегда с предлогом, зависит от глагола-сказуемого
IN – in discussing – ПРИ (в процессе) обсуждении
BY – by measuring – ПУТЕМ (С ПОМОЩЬЮ) измерения, измерив
WITHOUT – without thinking – НЕ подумав (отрицательная форма деепричастия)
ON – on coming – придя, ПОСЛЕ прихода, ПО приходу
AFTER – after finishing – ПОСЛЕ окончания, окончив, ПОСЛЕ ТОГО, КАК окончили
BEFORE – before deciding – ПЕРЕД принятием решения, ПЕРЕД ТЕМ, КАК решить
THROUGH – through studying – БЛАГОДАРЯ изучению (из-за, посредством).
Besides – besides being a philosopher he is a good writer – не только, но и; помимо; кроме
INSTEAD OF – instead of buying – ВМЕСТО ТОГО, ЧТОБЫ
EXCEPT FOR – except for losing – НЕ СЧИТАЯ
Revision tasks on ing-forms
I. Define the part of speech of ing-forms
1.People trying to learn complex things usually did it better when alone. 2. Somehow these contradictory findings needed to be reconciled... (примирить). 3. Mary stopped studying English. Marry stopped studying of the English language. 4. He told us about his having bought a new house. 5. They study chemical changes taking place in the cell… 6. All the students listened to the lecture in a continuing state of boredom (скука). 7. Mentioning this person will not help you. 8. Having no friends in town he always found himself in difficulties. 9. Students solving multiplication problems or generating word associations performed better in the presence of four or five others... (solve – решать; generate – производить). 10. Flying is the fastest way of going from one place to another. 11. Knowing almost nothing about the first six years Shakespeare spent in London, we are certain his work was connected with theatre. 12. Stop making so much noise. 13. A university, for example, is organized into faculty, students, administrators, and so forth, all of whom are performing roles designed to carry out the goal of higher education. 14. I don’t remember her telling us her age. 15. Nobody likes being laughed at. 16. The scientist states that complaints come from the disturbing outcomes (=results) of his psychological research ... (disturb – беспокоить). 17. We seldom read his translations without seeing many mistakes in them. 18. He didn’t like going to a lawyer’s office. 19. Having come to the capital he found a job in a printer’s shop.
Translate Gerunds: 1.The scientist avoided speaking to him about this matter. 2. He denied having dug (to dig – dug – dug) this site. 3. After being corrected by his supervisor the postgraduate achieved a fast progress in his work. 4. Jones could find the truth by inviting everybody to his office and talking to him in private. 5. This method is very effective in dating the age of monuments. 6. She doesn’t like being spoken to in such a manner. 7. She never did a thing without asking somebody’s advice. 8. Before writing the article we collected the necessary data. 9. You surprised me by not having done the work in time. 10. His father never agreed to his taking this dangerous trip. 11. I object to your getting information from this source. 12. They always complain of being given the most difficult tasks.
Infinitive
Forms of Infinitive |
||
|
Active |
Passive |
Simple |
to write |
to be written |
Continuous |
to be writing |
--------------- |
Perfect |
to have written |
to have been written |
Perfect Continuous |
to have been writing |
---------- |
What do these forms mean?
|
|||
A C T I V E |
Simple |
I am glad to speak to you. |
Рад говорить с вами (всегда) |
Continuous |
I am glad to be speaking to you. |
Рад, что разговариваю с вами (сейчас) |
|
Perfect |
I am glad to have spoken to you. |
Рад, что поговорил с вами |
|
Perfect Continuous |
I am glad to have been speaking to you. |
Рад, что все это время (уже долго) общаюсь с вами |
|
P A S S I V E |
Simple |
I am (always) glad to be told good news. |
Рад, что мне всегда сообщают хорошие новости
|
Perfect |
I am always glad to have been told good news. |
Рад, что мне сообщили хорошие новости |
|
FUNCTIONS OF INFINITIVE
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ. Стоит в начале предложения, отвечает на вопрос ЧТО?, в предложении имеется глагол-связка TO BE.
To speak to her is always a pleasure. – C ней всегда приятно поговорить.
To enter the university was all I wanted. – Все что мне было нужно – поступить в университет.
ЧАСТЬ СЛОЖНОГО СКАЗУЕМОГО (употребляется после глагола-связки или модального глагола):
I have to go there.
My aim is to finish the course.
ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ:
А. ПРЯМОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ К ГЛАГОЛУ (зависит от глагола, вопрос ЧТО?)
Helen will help to make tea.
He didn’t want to be left alone.