2. Поставьте следующие предложения в the Past и the Future Perfect Continuous Tenses, употребляя соответствующие обстоятельства времени

1. I have been learning the new words for an hour, but I don't remember them. 2. Jane has been writing letters to her friends since morning. 3. My father has been reading newspapers since he came back from his office. 4. It has been raining heavily all day long. 5. The boys have been playing football for 2 hours. 6. You have been speaking on the phone for half an hour already.

3. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам

1. They have been watching TV programmes since morning. 2. We have been living in a new district of Minsk for two years. 3. They had been sitting in silence for a long time before he spoke. 4. My brother had been studying abroad for some years. 5. He will have been waiting for my telephone call all day long. 6. I shall have been waiting for Kate for an hour and not longer.

4. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную видовременную форму

1. It is a very boring novel. I (read) it for two weeks, though I usually (read) books quickly. 2. She (live) in Gomel since she (be) born. 3. The children (skate) in the park for two hours before they went to the cinema. 4. We (lie) on the beach since early morning. 5. She (learn) Eng­lish for a year before she goes abroad. 6. Since when they (work) here? 7. How long Ann (translate) the text? 8. It (rain) for two days. There will be a flood soon. 9. How long you (drive)? – I (drive) five years. 10. The police (look) for the thief for a week already. 11. How long you (save) money before you went abroad for the first time? 12. We were very tired at the end of the jour­ney because we (travel) for more than 20 hours. 13. Is it all right if I come at about 9? – Fine. I (watch) the match on TV for about two hours but it will have finished by that time. 14. It was 7 p.m.; and we were tired because we (work) hard all day long.

Сравнительная характеристика форм настоящего времени

В английском языке существует четыре формы на­стоящего времени: the Present Indefinite (настоящее не­определенное), the Present Continuous (настоящее длительное), the Present Perfect (настоящее завершенное) и the Present Perfect Continuous (настоящее завершенно-длительное).

Все формы настоящего времени обозначают действия, рассматриваемые по отношению к моменту речи. Выбор конкретной формы определяется тем, каким образом действие соотносится с настоящим моментом: протекает в данный момент, длится какой-то указанный период времени, закончено к моменту речи либо просто представлено в настоящем времени. Например:

I translate many articles every day. Каждый день я перевожу много статей.

I am translating an article now. Сейчас я перевожу статью.

I have just translated an article. Я только что перевел статью.

I have been translating this article Я перевожу эту статью уже два часа.

for two hours already.

Для Present Indefinite достаточно указания на то, что действие происходит в настоящем времени регу­лярно, постоянно, но не в момент речи (every day, usu­ally, as a rule).

Для Present Continuous, кроме указания на настоя­щее время, необходимо подчеркнуть момент протекания действия во время речи или в ближайший незаконченный период времени (today, this week, this evening, now).

The Present Perfect обозначает действие, свершив­шееся к моменту речи. Для него характерны наречия already, just, ever, never, lately, recently, etc., в то время как в Present Continuous широко употребляется предлог at – в. Несмотря на то, что в русском языке действия, выраженные в Present Perfect переводятся прошедшим временем, в английском они восприни­маются в настоящем времени, т.к. привязаны к настоящему результатом этого действия.

I have read the book. = I know its contents now.

Я прочитал книгу. Я знаю ее содержание. (результат).

Так же как и Present Continuous, Present Per­fect Continuous обозначает длительное действие, воз­можно протекающее и в момент речи. Однако в отличие от Present Continuous, Present Perfect Conti­nuous содержит указание на полный период его проте­кания (for 2 hours, since 1970).

Так же, как и в Present Perfect действие, выра­женное в Present Perfect Continuous, может завер­шиться к моменту речи, но в отличие от Present Perfect в Present Perfect Continuous точно указан начальный момент либо период этого длительного действия.

Present Perfect Continuous переводится на русский язык глаголом в настоящем времени часто с наречием уже.

The Present Indefinite

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I write he she writes it we you write they	Do I write? he Does she write? it we Do you write? they	I do not (don't) write he she does not write it we you do not write they

The Present Continuous

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I am writing he she is writing it we you are writing they	Am I writing? he Is she writing? it we Are you writing? They	I am not writing he she is not writing it we you are not writing they

The Present Perfect

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I have written he she has written it we you have written they	Have I written? he Has she written? it we Have you written? they	I haven't written he she hasn't written it we you haven't written they

The Present Perfect Continuous

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I have been writing he she has been writing it we you have been writing they	Have I been writing? he Has she been writing? it we Have you been writing they	I haven't been writing he she hasn't been it writing we you haven't been they writing