(Совершенно-длительные времена)

Времена группы Perfect Continuous употребляются для выражения действия, начавшегося в прошлом и продолжающегося до настоящего, прошедшего и буду­щего момента, включая его в течение какого-то опреде­ленного периода времени, указанного в предложении следующими обозначениями времени: for an hour (month), for a long time, since 9 o'clock, since last year, these two weeks, all my life, how long...

Perfect Continuous Tenses образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be (в соответствующем времени группы Perfect) и причастия настоящего времени (Participle I) смыслового глагола.

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous-in-the Past

have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should have been doing would

She has been writing the article Она пишет статью уже два часа.

for two hours already.

She had been writing the article Она писала статью уже два часа к тому

for two hours by the time we came. времени, ког­да мы пришли.

She will have been writ­ing the article Она будет писать статью уже два часа

for two hours by the time we co­me. к тому време­ни, когда мы придем.

В вопросительных предложениях первый вспомога­тельный глагол стоит перед подлежащим, а в отрица­тельных предложениях частица not употребляется после первого вспомогательного глагола:

Have you been prepar­ing for the – No, I haven't been preparing for the exam

exam for a long time? for a long time.

How long will you have been – For two days.

preparing for it?

С глаголами, не употребляющимися во временах групы Continuous (т.е. выражающими чувства, рас­суждение, желание, умственную деятельность: know, like, want, belive и др.), вместо Perfect Continuous Tenses употребляются Perfect Tenses.

Сравните:

а) How long have you been translating How long have you known him?

the text?

б) My hands are dirty. I've been repairing The car is OK now. I've repaired it.

the car for two hours. (ремонтирую) (отремонтировал)

в) Не was very tired. He had been He was working when the telephone

working hard. rang.

г) I shall have been waiting for you I'll be waiting for you at 11 o'clock.

for half an hour and if you don't come at

11 o'clock, I'll go alone.

Времена группы Perfect Continuous переводятся на русский язык соответственно настоящим, прошедшим и будущим временем глагола несовершенного вида.

Упражнения

1. Проанализируйте употребление времен сказуемо­го в следующих предложениях

а) 1. I have been waiting for you for a long time. 2. You have been watching TV too long. 3. She has been teaching English since last year. 4. I'm tired. I have been working for several hours. 5. It is still cold as it has been raining since morning. 6. How long have you been study­ing English? – For five years. 7. Since when have you been doing your homework? – Since 9 o'clock.

б) 1. I had been working for a long time when you came. 2. My father had been repairing the roof for two hours till it began raining. 3. He had been painting the floor for an hour before he asked me to help him.

в) 1. By the end of this year we shall have been learn­ing English for six years. 2. By next September my mother will have been working as a teacher for twenty-five years. 3. I shall have been repairing the car for two days before I dare to drive it.