Согласные буквы

25. Сочетание «ck» читается [k]: lack, clock, back, lock, track.

26. Сочетание «ti» читается [ʃ]: station, translation, vacation, transformation, application, initial. Но: celestial [-tjəl]

27. Сочетание букв «qu» читается [kw]: quick, equivalent, square, quality.

28. Буква «g» перед гласными e, i, y читается [dʒ]: general, gentle, age, gin, rigid, dyps. Но: get, give [g].

Перед a, o, u и согласными и в конце слова читается [g]: gave, go, gun, globe, grasp, fog.

29. Буква «c» перед гласными e, i, y читается [s]: century, census, cinder, city, cycle, cylinder, cynism.

Перед a, o, u и согласными «c» читается [k]: cancel, case, candle, cover, comb, cold, cut, custom, culture, club, close.

30. В некоторых словах, имеющих сочетание двух согласных, одна из них не читается: half, often, column, bulb.

31. В некоторых словах не произносится первая согласная буква: hour, honour, knob, write, knife.

32. Сочетание «ture» читается [t ʃə]: picture, lecture, temperature.

33. Сочетание согласных букв «ph» читается [f]: physics, physiology, philosophy.

34. Cочетание согласных букв «ch» читается [tʃ]: chain, chess, chalk, chair.

Сочетание букв «ch» в словах латинского и греческого происхождения читается [k]: chemistry, technology, mechanic. Но: machinery [ʃ]

35. Буквосочетания «wh» читается как [w] и как [h]: перед гласной «o» оно читается как [h] – whom, whose, whoop.

Перед a, e, i, y, как [w]: what, where, when, while, which, why.

36. Буквосочетание «sh» читается [ʃ]: shape, shadow, sharp.

37. Согласная «s», образующая суффикс в сочетании с гласными – sion читается [ʒ n]: decision, provision, abrasion.

38. Сочетание «ci» читается [ʃ]: deficient, financial, delicious.

39. Сочетание – sure читается [ʒə]: measure, treasure.

40. Сочетание согласных букв «sc» перед гласной «i» читается [s], перед «o» - [sk].

a) [s]: sciolist (дилетант), sciont (побег растения), sciential. Но: sciagram [sk], sciagraphy [sk];

b) [k]: sconce (шалаш), scoop (совок).

Упражнения на правила чтения

Ex. 1. Read the following words according to the rule of open syllable

«a» – page, date, case, cable, cage, stable, lack, famous, trade, race;

«e» – be, cement, device, eve, me, even;

«i» – wife, wide, price, pie, die, pipe, mining, despise, despite, pride, lie, define, bite;

«o» – code, cone, slope, cope, mode, dome, model, spoken, notice, note;

«u» – use, tune, abuse, unit, usually, tube, due, value, volume, huge, mutual, mural, music;

«y» – why, try, spy, by, bye, bygone, dynamics, bypass, rye, style, my, cry, dry, dye, cycle, cytology, cyclone, hyphen, hypothesis.

Ex. 2. Read the words according to the rule of closed syllable

«a» – marry, angry, narrow, cash, cabman, camber, clamp, clap, bank, badge, dam, damp, can, random;

«e» – left, shelf, enter, well, rest, beg, century, sense, cell, censor, census, pebble, web, net, stem, tense, melting, stress, hence, kept, lend, spend, merry, essence, error, envelope;

«i» – still, window, jig, gim, pig, drink, since, vintage, industry, dig, dignity, written, mistake, fiction, bit, bill;

«o» – cost, lot, not, follow, cloth, modern, slot, cobble, drop, conscience, possible, sponsor, hostage, bottom, borrow, bond, soft, solve;

«u» – under, cut, rust, rubber, husband, culture, such, Sunday, function, construction, us, club, instruction, just, luck, budget, fund, bulk, thunder, pump, culture, custom, number, public, gulf, must, current;

«y» – system, crystal, myth, hybrid, symmetric, symbol, sphynx.

Ex. 3. Read the words according to the rule of «vowel + r» (ar, or, er, ir, ur)

a first-year student; a third-year student; to be born, turner;

«ar» – card, far, farm, arm, party, garden, market, car, carpet, charge, cargo, department, armour;

«er» – serve, certificate, certainly, certitude, service, defer, deserve, dessert, detergent, perception, pervasive;

«ir» – first, third, firm, circle, circuit, circumference, birthday;

«or» – afford, to be born, nor, fortress, border, order, important, storage, torsion;

«ur» – turner, fur, nurse, burn,burly, burr, burse, curtain, church, curb, curl, metallurgical, demur (колебания), purpose.

Ex. 4. Read the words with combinations of «vowels + re»

«are» – care, fare, rare, declare, warehouse, warfare, shareholder, aware, compare, prepare, welfare, parents, mare;

«ere» – here, mere, cereal, severe, sere;

«ire» – tire, desire, wire, satire, admire, retire, mire, empire;

«ore» – bore, store, iron-ore, deplore (сожалеть), score, more, explore;

«ure» – sure, cure, lure, pure, endure, secure, obscure.

Ex. 5. Read the words with combinations of vowels with the letter «r»

«air» – despair, pair, hair, chair, air, affair, stair;

«ear» – clear, bear, weary, earn, appear, learn, hear, rear, gear, shear;

«our» – tour, devour, our.

Ex. 6. Read the words with combinations «au» and «aw»

«au» – fault, precaution, default;

«aw» – pawn, dawn, claw, hawk, draw, raw.

Ex. 7. Read the words with the letter – combinations «ay»

payment, way, ray, tray, say, stay, clay, day, may, decay, defray (оплачивать), delay, lay.

Ex. 8. Read the words with the letters «ai»

main, fail, aim, railway, again, brain, training, chain, claim, drain, tail, tailor, daily, trailer, daisy, caisson, maid, paint, laid, detail, detain (задерживать, заставлять, ждать), waist, waiter, contain, certain, strait, hail, obtain, retail, paid, explain.

Ex. 9. Read the words with vowel «a» after «w»

watch, was, warrant, water, warn, war, wabble (качание, колебание), wad (пыж), waddle (ходить в развалку), wallaroo (кенгуру), wallet, want, wardrobe, wasp (осa), warrior (воин), wart (бородавка), wash, washer (шайба, прокладка), reward, wasp, Washington.

Ex. 10. Read the words with the letter «a» + «l»

always, almost, all, already, walk, call, small, talk, walnut, wall-paper, walrus (морж), stall.

Ex. 11. Read the words with the vowel «a»

last, past, pass, plant, branch, large, part, grasp, grant, dance, ask, vast, staff, craft, clasp, demand, advance, mass.

Ex. 12. Read the words with the letters «ei», «ie»

to ceil (штукатурить), ceiling, deceit (обман), deceive, Diesel, receipt, perceive, believe, field, shield.

Ex. 13. Read the words with the letters «ew»

knew, new, few, dew, mew, news, pew, hew.

Ex. 14. Read the words with combination of letters «igh»

high, higher, right, might, night, bright, fight, flight, light, sight, sigh.

Ex. 15. Read the words with the letter «i» before «ld», «nd»

child, kind, mild, mind, find, wild, wind (ветер), grind, wind (обматывать), bind, behind.

Ex. 16. Read the words with the letters «ow», using dictionary, divide them into 2 columns

towel, trowel (садовый совок, лопатка), tower, tow (буксир, пакля), towage (буксировка), town, tow-line (буксирный трос), tow-row (шум, гам), bow (поклон, нос корабля), bow-compass (кронциркуль), bowels (внутренности, недра), bower (беседка), bowk (бадья подъёма (горн.), bowl (кубок, чаша), bowling (игра в шары), bowman (стрелок из лука), bowman (гребец), bowse (выбирать сети), bowshot (дальность полёта стрелы), bow window (окно с выступом, эркер), bow-wow (лай собаки), Moscow, to-morrow, nowadays, know = how, town, down, allow, power, flower low, show, shadow, blow, throw, own, flow, sowar (кавалерист), window.

Ex. 17. Read the words with vowel combination «ou»

south, mount, count, round, sound, pound, loud, out, found, bound, mountain, fountain, cloud, denounce (обвинять), ground, boundary, mouse, enough, country.

Ex. 18. Read the words with the letter «o» after «w»

wonder, worry, wondrous, wolf, women.

Ex. 19. Read the words with the letter «o» before 2 consonents

folk, fold, hold, molding, gold, told, holt (убежище, нора), jolt (толчок, удар), post, poll, sold, soldier, volt, voltage, wont, wold.

Ex. 20. Read the words with the letter combination «oy»

deployment, destroy, boy, toy, employ, annoy, deploy, enjoy, convoy, royal, joy.

Ex. 21. Read the words with the stressed vowel «o»

some, London, son, front, money, wonder, month, love, other, mother, brother, sometimes, among, won, nothing, above, ton, none, somebody, done, come, comfortable, wonderful, money, cover, otherwise, another, monkey, monk.

Ex. 22. Read the words with letters «qu»

qualification, quantity, equilibrium, equivalent, quite, quiet, quotation, quote, equipment, equity, quarter, request, require, requirement, earthquake, queu.

Ex. 23. Read the words with the last stressed vowel «y»

typify, verify, simplify, try, certify, clarify, decry (осуждать, порицать), defy (бросать вызов), deify (боготворить), deny, supply, occupy, cry, spy, imply, comply, reply, apply, justify, signify, qualify.

Ex. 24. Read the words with vowel combinations

«ee» – heel, seed, street, needle, breed, decree, deed, deep, deem, degree, employee, trustee, feeling, feed, need, agreement, drawee, consignee, payee;

«ea» – eagle, leaf, leave, east, teach, sea, meat, meal, speak, cease, deal, mean, least, tea, leader, lead (свинец), clean, seal, neat, dream, heat, defeat, dean, feasible, feature, threat, thread, reason, peace, teacher, treaty, dead, deaf, heavy, season, beam, weather;

«oo» – tool, good, soon, noodle, look, cool, too, loop, wood, roof, spoon, whoop (возглас), root, proove, mood, moon;

«oi» – hoist, noise, soil, coin, avoid, choice, moisture, voice, point, spoil, despoil, dispoilment (ограбление), void, boil, joint ;

«ei» – weight, freight, reign, deign (снизойти), feign (притворяться).

Ex. 25. Read the words with the letters «ck»

ticket, bucket, back, buckwheat, check, cock, clock, deck, stock, reckon, neck, rock, stick, pocket, wicked (злой), lock, lack.

Ex. 26. Read the words with the letters «ti»

location, attention, transportation, station, initiate, negotiation, substantial, circumstantial, initiative, transaction, deferential (почтительный), essential.

Ex. 27. Read the words with the letters «qu»

frequency, require, inquiry, requirement, quantity, deliquency (проступок), equity, quarrel, question.

Ex. 28. Read the words with the consonent «g»

engage, bridge, gap, gesture, luggage, baggage, geography, pedagogical, forget, gesture, gear, dranage, general, age, ago, cog, log, frog, damage, danger, edge, cargo, large, passenger, generation, infringement, demagogic, imagination, magazine, engineering, integral, rigid, edge, catalogue, logic, revenge, image.

Ex. 29. Read the words with the consonent «c»

centigrade, centre, celebrate, celestial, cement, censorship, centaur, century, ceramic, cereal, ceremony, certain, camshaft, carrier, caterpillar, civil, citizen, cite, citres, city, cluster, clever, country, cattle, coach, coast, course, collar, cure, couple, curious, current, custom, cybernetics, cyclometer, cyclone, cypress, practice, society, decanter, Decembrist, delicacy, price, practical.

Ex. 30. Read the words with combination of 2 consonents

debt, often, half, knight, listen, walk, Wednesday, knife, know, write, talk, walk, should, would, could, climb, damn, dumb, debtor, ghost, knowledge, receipt, knock, thumb, folk, rhyme.

Ex. 31. Read the following words

honourable, hour, honour, knee, written, write, wrote.

Ex. 32. Read the words with the suffix «ture»

architecture, structure, lecture, debenture (долговое обязательство), departure, moisture, adventure, agriculture, manifacture, expenditure.

Ex. 33. Read the words with the letters «ph»

phone, symphony, philarmony, physics, philosophy, cipher, decipher, decipherable, phase, phrase, emphasize, photography, sphere, sophisticate, sphynx, graphic, amphitheatre.

Ex. 34. Read the words with the letters «ch»

architecture, technologist, challenge, chamber, mechanical, technological, chapter, chance, change, chemical, technology, chemist, chemistry, architect, character, characteristic, chip, charity, school, charm, chart, choice, cheap, exchange, cheerful, chimney, church, anchor, scheme, scholarship, chronic.

Ex. 35. Read the words with letter – combination «wh»

which, wheat, whale, whome, what, wharf, whatever, whose, wheel, whence, while, whetstone, whip, whirl, whisper, white, who, whole, whether, why, when.

Ex. 36. Read the words with the letters «sh»

shall, shining, share, sheer, sheet, shell, shift, ship, shirt, shiver, short, shoot, shoe, shock, shot, shore, fresh.

Ex. 37. Read the words with the letters «sion»

decision, provision, abrasion, vision, confusion, invasion, concision, scission.

Ex. 38. Read the words with the letters «ci»

delicious, sufficient, officient, official, depreciate, appreciate, deficient, financial.

Ex. 39. Read the words with the letter – combination «sure»

measure, treasure, leisure, measurement, pleasure, exposure, enclosure.

Ex. 40. Read the words with letter – combination «sc»

scope, scooter, science, scientilate, scissors, score, Scotch, scission, scientist, scomful, scout, scientific, susceptible, screen.

Ex. 41. Read the following words taking into account various rules of reading and exceptions

«a» – last, parents, small, flat, large, also, ago, factory, plant, far, carry, match;

«e» – led, lead, leather, great, appear, strength, region, earth, vehicle, mean, engine;

«i» – divorce, marital, mine, mind, grind, digital, die, while, facility, unite, significance, find, triangle, brick, direct, civil;

«o» – room, group, old, now, know, out, some, wonderful, house, worry, woman, wolf, shovel, irrevocable, govern, love;

«u» – use, unit, utterance, us, gulf, further, feature, future, justice, juice, useless, occur, nuclear, utensils, valuable, build, suburbs, due;

«y» – Egypt, type, pyramid, hypocracy, cylinder.

to live, to give, city, get, begin, library, weather, ready, breakfast; door, flood, do;

country, courage, group, friend, route; study, busy; over; put, pull, bush; buy, guy; do; there; should, would, could.

enough, tough, rough, though, dough, through, cough, borough, fought, sough