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Participle II

Participle II has only one form (regular verbs: translated, discussed, achieved, asked; irregular verbs: held, built, spoken, etc.)

Participle II is also used in the function of a predicative, an attribute and an adverbial modifier.

This is an improved model. (attribute)

The inner door was locked. (predicative)

When left to himself he spent his time at his desk. (adverbial. modifier)

When Participle II is used like an adjective or an adverb, it is passive in meaning.

There are pieces of broken glass on the floor.

I turned off the television because I was bored with the program.

Things done by halves are never done right.

Ex. II. Form Participle I and Participle II from the following verbs and translate them into Ukrainian:

admit

play

enjoy

reply

close

run

find

send

deny

study

keep

set

die

surprise

learn

show

expel

tie

occur

stop

forget

travel

plan

submit

give

appear

prefer

lie

have

carry

quarrel

refer

Ex. III. Combine two sentences into one using a present participle. State its form and function.

Example: Ann was lying on the bed. She was crying bitterly. Ann was lying on the bed crying bitterly.

  1. We were very tired. We took a short cut to the station.

  2. They dined outside on the terrace. It was facing the mountains.

  3. The chairman presented the results. Then he invited comments and questions from the audience.

  4. The audience was listening to the presentation. They asked the chairman some difficult questions.

  5. They invested more in research and development. They could develop a better product.

  6. We need to look at the alternatives. We must choose those that will be the most effective.

  7. The Minister was asked about the changes in the government policy. He answered that the government was trying to increase the quality of services.

  8. He spent 5 years in personnel management. Now he feels well qualified for the job.

  9. The new software was installed. It gave more computing power to the company.

  10. She doesn’t have a car. She finds it difficult to get around.

Ex. IV. Use past participles instead of attribute clauses:

Example: The article, which was translated by a friend of mine, was very interesting. The article translated by a friend of mine was very interesting.

  1. We are satisfied with the transaction which was concluded between our firms.

  2. The software which is offered by this company is of very high quality.

  3. Did you take part in the talks which were held last week?

  4. I believe the computers, which are advertised by this company, will be in great demand on the market.

  5. The company, which is based in the UK, has already moved into Europe.

  6. The product, which is designed by a top class international team, must be a winner.

Ex. V. Choose Participle I or Participle II :

  1. The window breaking/ broken during the storm has now been repaired.

  2. Most of the goods making/ made in the factory are exported.

  3. The path joining/ joined the two villages is very narrow.

  4. The paintings stealing/ stolen from the art gallery haven’t been found yet.

  5. The police investigating/ investigated the robbery are looking for three men.

  6. Shortly after the interview I received a letter offering/ offered me the job.

  7. Supporting/ supported by the latest software, this machine is what every manager needs.

  8. Goods deteriorate when they are storing/ stored in the warehouse.

  9. The facts containing/ contained in the letter were discussed by the board of directors.