Ex. VI Translate into English:

1.Я вивчаю англійську мову вже два роки. 2. Пітер студент, але під час канікул він працює барменом. 3. “Гамлет”, одна з найвеличніших трагедій, була написана Шекспіром. 4. Коли я був дитиною, ми жили в маленькому будинку біля моря. 5. Ми грали в теніс, коли почався дощ. 6. Коли я прийшов до дому, я виявив, що хтось проник в мою квартиру та вкрав мій персональний комп’ютер. 7. Лист, на який я чекав, не надійшов, тому, що він був надісланий на мою стару адресу. 8. Коли ви приходити до магазину, вам не обов‘язково щось купувати. Ви можете просто подивитися. 9. Завтра вранці я зустрічаюсь із лікарем. 10 Ми прожили в одному й тому ж будинку 25 років.

Grammar Revision: Use of Articles with Geographical Names

Definite article is used:

1. before oceans, seas, rivers: the Pacific Ocean, the Black Sea, the Thames;

2. with names of lakes if the word “lake” is not mentioned: Lake Ontario;

3. with names of mountain chains: the Alps; but not with mountain peaks: Ben Nevis, Everest;

4. with names of groups of islands: the British Isles;

5. with names of cardinal points: the North, the South, the West, the East; except for the expressions “from east to west”, “from north to south”.

No article is used:

1. before countries and towns: England, Great Britain, Ukraine, Kharkiv, London; but: the USA, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the Crimea, the Caucasus, the West Indies;

2. before streets and squares: Oxford Street, Trafalgar Square; exceptions: the High Street, the Strand.

Audition: The Seven Wonders of the World

Ex. I. Pre-listening task:

1. What are the seven wonders of the ancient world?

Choose among the following:

• Mayan Pyramids, - Parphenon,

• Pharos, lighthouse of Alexandria, - Hanging Gardens of Babylon,

• Machu Picchu, - Statue of Zeus at Olympia,

• Temple of Diana, - Colossus of Rhodes,

• Tomb of Mausolus, - Pyramids of Egypt

• Sistine Chapel, - Great Buddha

2. How many of them can you see today?

Ex. II. Look up the following words in your dictionary and write down the translation:

a wonder (n)	beyond (prep)	ivory (n)
to vanish (v)	rumours (n)	carvings (n)
to stretch (v)	sampling (n)	mind (n)

Ex. III. Insert the necessary articles (see Grammar Revision Notes):

1. In … second century B.C., … Greek poet Antipater listed … seven wonders of … world.

2. Greeks sailed in their small ships along … coast of … Mediterranean.

3. … Antipater was selecting from … small sampling of … buildings and creations of … rest of … world.

4. Today … tourists are eager to visit not only … Egyptian pyramids, they also visit such wonders as … Mayan pyramids in … Mexico and … Guatemala, … Machu Picchu in … Peru, … Great Buddha in … Nara, … Parthenon in … Athens, … Sistine Chapel in the … Vatican and others.

Ex. IV. Listen and check.

Ex. V. Listen to the tape recording again and answer the following questions:

1. Who made a list of these wonders?

2. When did he live?

3. How much of the world do you suppose Antipater knew about?

4. What other wonders have become famous since Antipater’s time?

5. Which of them have you visited? Which would you like to visit?

Ex. VI. Questions for discussion:

1. What other wonders would you add to the list? Describe them, telling their location and why they are wonders.

2. Do you agree that the human mind is the greatest wonder of the world? Why or why not?

Unit II

Part I.

Ex. I. Before reading the text answer the following questions:

1. Where is the Universal Product Code printed?

2. How can a data entry clerk read it?

3. What do the 5-digit codes identify?

Ex. II. Read the text and check your answers.

Source Data Automation

Data capture and entry has traditionally been the bottleneck of data-processing operations. Although data can be processed electronically at extremely high speeds, significantly more time is required to originate, capture, collect, verify, and code data for entry into the computer.

Originate The occurrence of a business transaction (taking a customer‘s order, receiving a supplier‘s invoice, removing a case of product from inventory) results in the origination of data that are input to the information system.

Capture It is necessary to obtain basic transaction data in some manner so that it may be input to the information system. It is also desirable to capture data at its source, where it is recorded accurately, in a timely fashion, and with minimal manual effect. An example of such source data is the Universal Product Code (UPC).

Collect It may be necessary to combine data from several different sources to have all the facts needed.

Verify Data must be edited for validity and completeness upon input to the system to detect any problems with the data. Quantity and cost data must be numeric, names must be alphabetic, otherwise the data is not valid.

Code Before inputting, data may need to be converted into machine-readable form. The customer order taken over the phone must be converted into a series of codes that can be understood by the order-entry system – customer account number, part account number, part number, method of payment code, and so on.

Often, different people and equipment are used for each step in this process. This increases the chances of making an error, introduces processing delays as data passes from one step to the next, and makes it difficult to correct errors.

With source data automation, data are collected about an event, in computer-readable form, when and where the event takes place. In many cases, the source data automation method involves immediate edit of input by a computer and thus immediate detection and correction of errors before they go any further. By eliminating many of the manual steps normally used to capture and enter data, source data automation improves the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of the entire data-processing operation.

Source data automation is often done through the capture of data as a by-product of some other operation usually not thought of as being part of the data-entry operation. A good example of this is the capture of data by an electronic cash register upon the sale of merchandise.

Frequently the electronic cash register is connected to a computer that has access to files of data containing product description, price, and other information. The Universal Product Code (UPC) is imprinted on each item sold, which identifies type of product, the manufacturer, and the product item or part number. A light-wand reader or a reader embedded in the checkout counter is used to pick up the UPC and relay information to the computer. The computer retrieves the item description and price, which are relayed back to the cash register. Simultaneously, sales data are collected and stored on the files of the computer. These data are used to update cash receipts and inventory data files. In this manner sales data are collected in a timely and accurate manner in a form directly usable by the computer. No additional manual effort is required.

Active Words and Phrases:

data capture	збір даних	transaction	операція
bottleneck	вузьке місце	manual	ручний; керівництво
to eliminate	усувати	identify	ототожнювати
entire	увесь, цілий	to relay	передавати
by-product	побічний продукт	item	вид товару; виріб
merchandise	товар	Universal Product Code	Універсальний товарний код
light-wand	світло-цифровий зонд	accuracy	точність
a reader	пристрій зчитування	at high speeds	з великою швидкістю
to embed	вставляти	to make an error	зробити помилку
to update	оновлювати	verify	перевіряти
to retrieve	відшукувати	in a timely fashion	своєчасно