- •TABLE OF CONTENTS
- •Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
- •The es-ice Environment
- •es-ice Meshing Capabilities
- •Tutorial Structure
- •Trimming Tutorial Overview
- •Required Files
- •Trimming Tutorial files
- •Automatic 2D Tutorial files
- •Wall Temperature Tutorial files
- •Mesh Replacement Tutorial files
- •Multiple Cylinder Tutorial files
- •Closed-Cycle Tutorial files
- •Sector Tutorial files
- •Two-Stroke Tutorial files
- •Mapping Tutorial files
- •ELSA Tutorial files
- •Chapter 2 SURFACE PREPARATION IN STAR-CCM+
- •Importing and Scaling the Geometry
- •Creating Features
- •Defining Surfaces
- •Remeshing and Exporting the Geometry
- •Chapter 3 GEOMETRY IMPORT AND VALVE WORK
- •Importing the Surfaces
- •Modelling the Valves
- •Saving the Model
- •Chapter 4 MESHING WITH THE TRIMMING METHOD
- •Modifying Special Cell Sets in the Geometry
- •Defining Flow Boundaries
- •Creating the 2D Base Template
- •Creating the 3D Template
- •Trimming the 3D Template to the Geometry
- •Improving cell connectivity
- •Assembling the Trimmed Template
- •Running Star Setup
- •Saving the Model
- •Chapter 5 CREATING AND CHECKING THE MESH
- •Chapter 6 STAR SET-UP in es-ice
- •Load Model
- •Analysis Set-up
- •Valve Lifts
- •Assembly
- •Combustion
- •Initialization
- •Cylinder
- •Port 1 and Port 2
- •Boundary Conditions
- •Cylinder
- •Port and Valve 1
- •Port and Valve 2
- •Global settings
- •Post Set-up
- •Cylinder
- •Port 1 and Port 2
- •Global settings
- •Time Step Control
- •Write Data
- •Saving the Model
- •Chapter 7 STAR SET-UP in pro-STAR
- •Using the es-ice Panel
- •Setting Solution and Output Controls
- •File Writing
- •Chapter 8 RUNNING THE STAR SOLVER
- •Running in Serial Mode
- •Running in Parallel Mode
- •Running in Parallel on Multiple Nodes
- •Running in Batch
- •Restarting the Analysis
- •Chapter 9 POST-PROCESSING: GENERAL TECHNIQUES
- •Creating Plots with the es-ice Graph Tool
- •Calculating Apparent Heat Release
- •Plotting an Indicator Diagram
- •Calculating Global Engine Quantities
- •Creating a Velocity Vector Display
- •Creating an Animation of Fuel Concentration
- •Creating an Animation of Temperature Isosurfaces
- •Chapter 10 USING THE AUTOMATIC 2D TEMPLATE
- •Importing the Geometry Surface
- •Defining Special Cell Sets in the Geometry
- •Modelling the Valves
- •Creating the Automatic 2D Template
- •Refining the 2D Template Around the Injector
- •Adding Features to the Automatic 2D Template
- •Using Detailed Automatic 2D Template Parameters
- •Saving the es-ice Model File
- •Chapter 11 MULTIPLE-CYCLE ANALYSIS
- •Setting Up Multiple Cycles in es-ice
- •Setting Up Multiple Cycles in pro-STAR
- •Chapter 12 HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS
- •Resuming the es-ice Model File
- •Mapping Wall Temperature
- •Exporting Wall Heat Transfer Data
- •Saving the es-ice Model File
- •Cycle-averaging Wall Heat Transfer Data
- •Post-processing Wall Heat Transfer Data in pro-STAR
- •Plotting average wall boundary temperatures
- •Plotting average heat transfer coefficients
- •Plotting average near-wall gas temperature at Y-plus=100
- •Mapping Heat Transfer Data to an Abaqus Model via STAR-CCM+
- •Chapter 13 MESH REPLACEMENT
- •Preparing the File Structure
- •Rebuilding the Dense Mesh
- •Creating Ahead Files for the Dense Mesh
- •Defining Mesh Replacements
- •Setting Up Mesh Replacement in pro-STAR
- •Setting up the coarse model
- •Setting up the dense model
- •Chapter 14 MULTIPLE CYLINDERS
- •Resuming the es-ice Model File
- •Making, Cutting and Assembling the Template
- •Setting Up Multiple Cylinders
- •Checking the Computational Mesh
- •STAR Set-Up in es-ice
- •Analysis set-up
- •Assembly
- •Combustion
- •Initialization
- •Boundary Conditions
- •Post Setup
- •Time Step Control
- •Write Data
- •Saving the es-ice Model File
- •Importing the Geometry
- •Generating the Closed-Cycle Polyhedral Mesh
- •Assigning shells to geometry cell sets
- •Specifying General, Events and Cylinder parameters
- •Creating a spray-optimised mesh zone
- •Importing a user intermediate surface
- •Checking the spray-optimised zone
- •Creating the closed-cycle polyhedral mesh
- •Running Star Setup
- •Creating and checking the computational mesh
- •Saving the Model File
- •Chapter 16 DIESEL ENGINE: SECTOR MODEL
- •Importing the Bowl Geometry
- •Defining the Bowl Shape
- •Defining the Fuel Injector
- •Creating the 2D Template
- •Creating the Sector Mesh
- •Creating and Checking the Mesh
- •Saving the Model
- •Chapter 17 DIESEL ENGINE: STAR SET-UP IN es-ice and pro-STAR
- •STAR Set-up in es-ice
- •Load model
- •Analysis setup
- •Assembly
- •Combustion
- •Initialization
- •Boundary conditions
- •Post setup
- •Time step control
- •Write data
- •Saving the Model File
- •STAR Set-up in pro-STAR
- •Using the es-ice Panel
- •Selecting Lagrangian and Liquid Film Modelling
- •Setting up the Fuel Injection Model
- •Setting up the Liquid Film Model
- •Setting up Analysis Controls
- •Writing the Geometry and Problem Files and Saving the Model
- •Chapter 18 DIESEL ENGINE: POST-PROCESSING
- •Creating a Scatter Plot
- •Creating a Spray Droplet Animation
- •Chapter 19 TWO-STROKE ENGINES
- •Importing the Geometry
- •Meshing with the Trimming Method
- •Assigning shells to geometry cell sets
- •Creating the 2D template
- •Creating the 3D template
- •Trimming the 3D template to the geometry
- •Assembling the trimmed template
- •Running Star Setup
- •Checking the mesh
- •STAR Set-up in es-ice
- •Analysis setup
- •Assembly
- •Combustion
- •Initialization
- •Boundary conditions
- •Post setup
- •Time step control
- •Write data
- •Saving the es-ice Model File
- •Chapter 20 MESHING WITH THE MAPPING METHOD
- •Creating the Stub Surface in the Geometry
- •Creating the 2D Base Template
- •Creating the 3D Template
- •General Notes About Edges and Splines
- •Creating Edges and Splines Near the Valve Seat
- •Creating the Remaining Edges and Splines
- •Creating Patches
- •The Mapping Process
- •Chapter 21 IMPROVING THE MAPPED MESH QUALITY
- •Creating Plastered Cells
- •Chapter 22 PISTON MODELING
- •Meshing the Piston with the Shape Piston Method
- •Chapter 23 ELSA SPRAY MODELLING
- •Importing the Bowl Geometry
- •Defining the Bowl Shape
- •Setting the Events and Cylinder Parameters
- •Creating the Spray Zone
- •Creating the Sector Mesh
- •STAR Set-up in es-ice
- •Load model
- •Analysis setup
- •Assembly
- •Combustion
- •Initialization
- •Boundary Conditions
- •Time step control
- •Write data
- •Saving the Model File
- •STAR Set-up in pro-STAR
- •Using the es-ice panel
- •Activating the Lagrangian model
- •Defining the ELSA scalars
- •Setting up the Lagrangian droplets
- •Defining boundary regions and boundary conditions
- •Setting up analysis controls
- •Adding extended data for the ELSA model
- •Writing the Geometry and Problem Files and Saving the Model
Chapter 9 |
POST-PROCESSING: GENERAL TECHNIQUES |
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Calculating Apparent Heat Release |
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PNG buttons in the Graph Tool.
Calculating Apparent Heat Release
This section describes the process of obtaining an apparent heat release plot from cylinder pressure data using the es-ice post-processing tools.
The engine quantities within the Operations panel are taken from data in the es-ice.pos file. Note that these are specified in metres, as opposed to model units. Using this units system ensures that the calculated results are presented in standard form. The Gamma for gas property can be adjusted depending on user requirements. However, its default value is suitable for this tutorial.
To calculate the apparent heat release:
•Deselect the toggle button next to items 258 and 259 to clear the curtain flux data from the graph display
•Locate item 9 in the list labelled
Pressure: region 1
•Click Operations and then click Pressure: region 1 to perform an operation on the pressure data
•In the Operations panel, accept the defaults and click Create plot data
•Close the Operations panel
The previous steps add the AHR: Pressure: region 1 plot data to the list. To plot the apparent heat release:
•Select the AHR: Pressure 1: region 1 data
•Click Plot
•Set the Range to -20 and 60 to cover a more suitable data range
•Set the number of lines to 8
•Set Label to Apparent Heat Release
When complete, the panel appears as shown in Figure 9-3.
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POST-PROCESSING: GENERAL TECHNIQUES |
Chapter 9 |
Plotting an Indicator Diagram |
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Figure 9-3 Apparent heat release plot
Plotting an Indicator Diagram
The following section describes the creation of a plot showing pressure against volume (also known as an indicator diagram). This process involves exporting es-ice.pos results to XY-type files and then reading relevant data from the required file back into es-ice.
Begin by deleting all es-ice.pos plot data from the Graph Tool
•In the Graph Tool, click Delete
•Answer Yes to the prompt in the main es-ice panel
Next, write the XY file:
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Chapter 9 |
POST-PROCESSING: GENERAL TECHNIQUES |
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Plotting an Indicator Diagram |
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• Enter the following command in the main es-ice panel: |
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Graph, Write, Full, es-ice.pos, ! |
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Numerous XY files are written into your current working directory but only the |
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Cyl1 file is required for this example. Note that all comment lines within the files |
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are preceded by a "!", as specified in the above command. |
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• Open file Cyl1 with a text editor. The first part of the file provides a |
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summary of its contents. As shown in Figure 9-4, columns 7 and 9 contain |
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volume and pressure data and these are required in this example. |
Figure 9-4 Cyl1 file summary
Figure 9-5 shows the remainder of the file, which contains solution data in column format
Figure 9-5 Cyl1 file contents
File Cyl1 is now read into es-ice and a column is chosen for the X-axis data.
•Enter the following command in the es-ice command window:
Graph, Read, Cyl1, XYfile, !, 7
This reads file data into the Graph Tool, with column 7 (volume) used for the x-axis values. To plot cylinder pressure against volume:
•In the Graph Tool, select item 8 in the list, labelled Column 9
•Click Plot
•Set the Domain minimum and maximum values to 0 and 0.00025 to cover a more suitable data range
•Set the number of lines to 10
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POST-PROCESSING: GENERAL TECHNIQUES |
Chapter 9 |
Calculating Global Engine Quantities |
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•Set the Label to Volume
•Change the Range minimum and maximum values to 0 and 7e+06
•Set the number of lines to 7
•Set the Label to Pressure
When complete, the panel will appear as shown in Figure 9-6.
Figure 9-6 Indicator diagram
Calculating Global Engine Quantities
This section describes the acquisition of global engine quantities from data in the es-ice.pos file. The quantities are net indicated work, power, and indicated mean effective pressure.
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