- •Summary
- •Introduction
- •Contents
- •List of Main Symbols
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 Aim and Scope of the Project
- •2.3 Activating the Model: Simulation
- •2.4 The Results of the Simulation
- •2.4.1 Sensitivity Analysis
- •2.5 The Results
- •2.6 Summary and Conclusion
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2 Risk in Waste Management (Environmental Protection) in European Union and International Legislation
- •3.4 Developing the Model
- •3.6 Activating the Model: The Results of the Simulation
- •3.7 Summary and Conclusion
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.2 Origin and Development of the LCA Method
- •4.4 Uncertainty and Random Variables in LCA Research
- •4.5 Types of Random Variables in Uncertainty Analysis in LCA Studies
- •4.6.1 Aim and Scope of the Project
- •4.8 Description of the Functional Unit of the Boundary System of the Performed Analysis: Inventory Analysis
- •4.9 The Life Cycle Impact Assessment LCA
- •4.12 The Results of the Simulation
- •4.13 Sensitivity Analysis
- •4.13.1 Tornado Chart
- •4.13.2 Spider Chart
- •4.14 Summary and Conclusion
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Characterisation of Waste Management in the Discussed Facilities
- •5.2.1 The Coke Production Facility: Coke Plant
- •5.2.2 The Ore Sintering Facility: Sintering Plant
- •5.2.3 The Pig Iron Melting Facility: Blast Furnaces
- •5.2.4 The Steel Melting Facility: Converter Plant
- •5.2.5 The Continuous Steel Casting Facility: CSC
- •5.2.6 The Facility for Hot Rolling of Ferrous Metals: Hot Strip Mill
- •5.3 Aim and Scope of the Analysis
- •5.4 Waste Management Balance, Analysis Assumptions
- •5.5 The Life Cycle Impact Assessment: Interpretation
- •5.6 The Analysis of the Results
- •5.7 Stochastic Analysis as an Uncertainty Calculation Tool in the LCA Study
- •5.8 The Results of the Simulation
- •5.9 Sensitivity Analysis
- •5.10 The Results of the Simulation
- •5.11 Sensitivity Analysis
- •5.12 Summary and Conclusion
- •6.1 General Conclusion
- •Bibliography
4.13 Sensitivity Analysis |
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Fig. 4.20 The Forecast frequency chart: S1 scenario TOTAL (68% confidence level) (Source: Own work)
Fig. 4.21 The Forecast frequency chart: S2 scenario TOTAL (68% confidence level) (Source: Own work)
4.13Sensitivity Analysis
The results obtained in MC simulation have been used to carry out analysis in three different formats:
•Clustered bar charts (Sensitivity Chart)
•Tornado charts (Tornado Chart)
•Spider charts (Spider Chart).
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4 Stochastic Analysis of the Environmental Impact of Energy Production |
Fig. 4.22 The Forecast frequency chart: S3 scenario TOTAL (68% confidence level) (Source: Own work)
Fig. 4.23 The Forecast frequency chart: S4 scenario TOTAL (68% confidence level) (Source: Own work)
For an easier comparison of the sensitivity analyses in all of the four scenarios, the clustered bar charts of the scenarios mentioned above are shown in Figs. 4.36–4.39.
4.13 Sensitivity Analysis |
89 |
Fig. 4.24 The Forecast frequency chart: S1 scenario TOTAL (95% confidence level) (Source: Own work)
Fig. 4.25 The Forecast frequency chart: S2 scenario TOTAL (95% confidence level) (Source: Own work)
The MC simulation results have then been used to perform tornado sensitivity analyses, presented in the form of tornado charts (Figs. 4.40–4.43) and spider charts (Figs. 4.44–4.47). By presenting the usefulness of individual input variables, the sensitivity analysis indicates which variables can be omitted, without the loss of quality, and which cannot be omitted. A more in-depth analysis of the problem can
90 |
4 Stochastic Analysis of the Environmental Impact of Energy Production |
Fig. 4.26 The Forecast frequency chart: S3 scenario TOTAL (95% confidence level) (Source: Own work)
Fig. 4.27 The Forecast frequency chart: S4 scenario TOTAL (95% confidence level) (Source: Own work)
be found in ISO 14041 series (Kowalski et al. 2007). The variables with zero per cent usefulness, as indicated by sensitivity analysis (Figs. 4.36–4.39), are not included in the construction of tornado and spider charts. In all of the scenarios, this relates to: Respiratory system – organic compounds, Eco-toxicity, Ozone layer, Minerals, and Radiation.