- •Summary
- •Introduction
- •Contents
- •List of Main Symbols
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 Aim and Scope of the Project
- •2.3 Activating the Model: Simulation
- •2.4 The Results of the Simulation
- •2.4.1 Sensitivity Analysis
- •2.5 The Results
- •2.6 Summary and Conclusion
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2 Risk in Waste Management (Environmental Protection) in European Union and International Legislation
- •3.4 Developing the Model
- •3.6 Activating the Model: The Results of the Simulation
- •3.7 Summary and Conclusion
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.2 Origin and Development of the LCA Method
- •4.4 Uncertainty and Random Variables in LCA Research
- •4.5 Types of Random Variables in Uncertainty Analysis in LCA Studies
- •4.6.1 Aim and Scope of the Project
- •4.8 Description of the Functional Unit of the Boundary System of the Performed Analysis: Inventory Analysis
- •4.9 The Life Cycle Impact Assessment LCA
- •4.12 The Results of the Simulation
- •4.13 Sensitivity Analysis
- •4.13.1 Tornado Chart
- •4.13.2 Spider Chart
- •4.14 Summary and Conclusion
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Characterisation of Waste Management in the Discussed Facilities
- •5.2.1 The Coke Production Facility: Coke Plant
- •5.2.2 The Ore Sintering Facility: Sintering Plant
- •5.2.3 The Pig Iron Melting Facility: Blast Furnaces
- •5.2.4 The Steel Melting Facility: Converter Plant
- •5.2.5 The Continuous Steel Casting Facility: CSC
- •5.2.6 The Facility for Hot Rolling of Ferrous Metals: Hot Strip Mill
- •5.3 Aim and Scope of the Analysis
- •5.4 Waste Management Balance, Analysis Assumptions
- •5.5 The Life Cycle Impact Assessment: Interpretation
- •5.6 The Analysis of the Results
- •5.7 Stochastic Analysis as an Uncertainty Calculation Tool in the LCA Study
- •5.8 The Results of the Simulation
- •5.9 Sensitivity Analysis
- •5.10 The Results of the Simulation
- •5.11 Sensitivity Analysis
- •5.12 Summary and Conclusion
- •6.1 General Conclusion
- •Bibliography
82 |
4 Stochastic Analysis of the Environmental Impact of Energy Production |
4.12The Results of the Simulation
The results of the performed simulation (10,000 trials) can be presented in the form of frequency charts, reports, and sensitivity analyses. Below one can find frequency charts of the Forecast (Forecast TOTAL) as a summary of influence of the 11 impact categories on the environment, respectively, in Figs. 4.20–4.23 (68% confidence interval), and Figs. 4.24–4.27 (95% confidence interval). The sensitivity analysis and statistics reports as well as percentiles in the form of tables, are shown in Figs. 4.28–4.31, and in Figs. 4.32–4.35, respectively.
Fig. 4.17 (continued)
4.12 The Results of the Simulation |
83 |
Fig. 4.17 The log-normal probability distributions tabs for the 11 impact categories, available in Crystal Ball software for the S2 scenario (Source: Own work)
As a result of the MC simulation, confidence intervals that estimate the values of the total influence of the impact category on the environment are formed, approximated with log-normal distribution at the significance level of 0.05. The confidence limits, presented in the frequency charts, are fixed using the minisliders, or grabbers (the area of the frequency chart covered by them is of a darker shade). The values of the obtained confidence intervals are shown below:
68% confidence interval
•Scenario S1: [33,227,982.17; 39,845,407.56] Pt
•Scenario S2: [40,789,087.31; 49,201,184.30] Pt
•Scenario S3: [30,645,422.13; 36,803,304.14] Pt
•Scenario S4: [26,311,943.73; 32,277,038.83] Pt
84 |
4 Stochastic Analysis of the Environmental Impact of Energy Production |
Fig. 4.18 (continued)
4.12 The Results of the Simulation |
85 |
Fig. 4.18 The log-normal probability distributions tabs for the 11 impact categories, available in Crystal Ball software for the S3 scenario (Source: Own work)
Fig. 4.19 (continued)
86 |
4 Stochastic Analysis of the Environmental Impact of Energy Production |
Fig. 4.19 The log-normal probability distributions tabs for the 11 impact categories, available in Crystal Ball software for the S4 scenario (Source: Own work)
95% confidence interval
•Scenario S1: [30,373,471.47; 43,138,235.52] Pt,
•Scenario S2: [37,234,891.94; 53,336,194.13] Pt
•Scenario S3: [27,933,420.50; 39,941,034.25] Pt
•Scenario S4: [23,719,134.55; 35,258,203.00] Pt