- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Immune system
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (revision)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Immune system
- •Immunity
- •Lesson 35
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Overview
- •Lesson 36
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Infinitive and its forms
- •Інфінітив у формі|у формі| Continuous| виражає тривалу дію, що відбувається одночасно з дією, вираженою дієсловом-присудком:
- •Інфінітив у формі|у формі| Perfect| виражає|виказує,висловлює| дію, що передує дії, вираженій дієсловом-присудком:
- •Subjective infinitive construction
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Endocrine system
- •Ex. 16. Translate the text “Endocrine System” into Ukrainian.
- •Endocrine glands
- •Functions of hormones
- •Ex. 34. Speak on the some endocrine glands using obtained data. You may use the following expressions:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Hormonal problems
- •Ex. 7. Translate the text “Hormonal Problems” into Ukrainian.
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar:
- •Objective infinitive construction
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Diabetes mellitus
- •Insulin injection
- •Medication
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Drugs: their main characteristics and forms
- •Routes of Drug Administration
- •Adverse drug reaction
- •Drug classes
- •Proper use of medicine
- •Vitamins
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Forms of gerund
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Vitamins
- •Importance of vitamin d
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 9. Read the following text: medicinal herbs
- •The using of medicinal herbs
- •Treating by medicinal herbs
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building conversion
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing skills
- •Antibiotics
- •Ex. 18. Make up a dialogue on antibiotics.
- •Penicillin
- •Lesson 43
- •I. Read and translate one of the following texts: Text a thyroid diseases
- •Allergy
- •Text c medicinal herbs
- •Text d antibiotics
- •Text e history of antibiotics
- •Text f side effects
- •II. Speak on the following topics:
- •Word-building
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Nervous system
- •Various forms of nerve cells.
- •Spinal cord
- •Overview
- •Lesson 45
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Sequence of tenses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 20. Read the following abstract and write down all unknown medical terms. Translate them with the aid of dictionary. Tell about the hypothalamic functions: hypothalamus
- •Human brain and its functions
- •What is wonderful about the brain?
- •Overview
- •Lesson 46
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Disorders of nervous system
- •Infections
- •Ex. 8. Read and memorize the following words:
- •Degenerative disorders
- •Ex. 16. Write the summary of the text "Degenerative Disorders" overview
- •Lesson 47
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Adverbs
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 4. Read the vocabulary and memorize new words. Ex. 5. Insert the missing letters, read the following words and translate them:
- •Accessory structures
- •Eye placement
- •Overview
- •Lesson 48
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Noun as attribute
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ear disorders
- •Communicating with a hearing-impaired person
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Forms of participle
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •What is your skin type
- •Ex. 26. Read and translate the following text: skin disorders
- •Lesson 50
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Absolute participle construction
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Respiratory system
- •Normal ventilation
- •Smoking
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar: absolute participle construction
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Respiratory disorders
- •Tracheobronchitis and bronchitis
- •Disorders of the sinuses and throat
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Construction “it is (was, will be ) … that (who, whom)”
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Overview
- •Lesson 53
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Infectious diseases and their types
- •Subgroups of the infectious diseases
- •Overview
- •Text a tuberculosis
- •Disorders of vision
- •Bronchitis
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Objective participle construction
- •The Objective Participle Construction перекладається підрядним реченням зі сполучником “як”: I saw them walking along the street. Я бачив, як вони йшли по вулиці.
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Urinary system
- •Ex. 20. Make up a dialogue on the urinary system.
- •Functions of urinary system
- •Fluid excretion
- •Kidneys
- •Ex. 26. Describe the structure of kidney using the following figure:
- •Ex. 27 Describe kidneys’ functions. The following expressions may be helpful:
- •Ex. 28. Write the summary of the text "Kidneys".
- •Overview
- •Lesson 56
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Functions of the verb “to have”
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Kidneys disorders
- •Kidney stones
- •Ex. 23. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:
- •Kidney transplantation
- •Overview
- •Lesson 57
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Functions of the verb “to be”
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 8. Read and memorize the following terms:
- •Warning signs and cancer risk factors
- •New methods to fight cancer
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Interrogative form
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 8. Translate the following words into English:
- •Stomach tumor
- •Ex. 18. Give a summary of the text “Stomach Tumor”.
- •Lung cancer
- •Tumors of the small intestine
- •Cancer of the kidney
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Pregnancy
- •Food and nutrition during pregnancy
- •Development of the organ systems
- •Endocrine system
- •Cardiovascular system
- •Respiratory system
- •Urinary system
- •Reproductive system
- •Prenatal care
- •Signs of pregnancy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar: simple tenses (revision)
- •Reading and developing skills
- •Death; embryo; adolescent; occur; amount; achieve; subsequent; myelin sheath; push; raise; grasp; listen; quietly; laugh; loud.
- •First year after birth
- •Development during the preschool years
- •School years
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 1. Translate the following words paying attention to the parts of speech:
- •Interrogative form
- •Reading and developing reading skills
- •Newborn’s nutrition
- •Breast feeding
- •Infant’s nutrition
- •Nutrition of preschool child
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar: modal verbs (revision)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Childhood infectious diseases
- •Chickenpox
- •Immunization
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar:
- •Infinitive constructions and participles (revision)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Measles
- •Complications of measles
- •Some notions about measles
- •I. Read and translate one of the following texts: Text a female reproductive system
- •Male reproductive system
- •Infertility
- •Breast cancer
- •Whooping cough
- •Treatment for whooping cough
- •II. Speak on the following topics:
- •Appendix 1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Appendix 2 suffixes and term-elements
- •Term elements of greek and latin origin greek, latin, english and ukrainian equivalents
- •Короткий довідник з правил словотворення
- •Найуживаніші суфікси англійської мови:
- •Основні префікси:
- •Practical grammar guide
- •(Короткий граматичний довідник)
- •Іменник
- •(Cases)
- •Артикль (article)
- •Займенники (pronouns)
- •Прикметник (adjective)
- •Найвищий ступінь порівняння прикметників (Superlative Degree)
- •Порядок слів у реченні.
- •Побудова розповідних і питальних речень
- •Способи визначення присудка в англійському реченні
- •Неозначено-особові речення
- •Безособові речення.
- •Форми дієслова forms of the verb
- •Часи групи simple (indefinite) present simple
- •Past simple
- •Future simple
- •Simple tenses
- •Часи групи continuous
- •Present continuous
- •Past continuous
- •Future continuous
- •Continuous tenses
- •Perfect tenses
- •Present perfect
- •Past perfect
- •Future perfect
- •Perfect tenses
- •Стан дієслова
- •Passive voice
- •Зведена таблиця часів стверджувальної форми
- •Зведена таблиця питальної форми
- •Interrogative form
- •Дієслова to be та to have
- •Ознаки функціональної відмінності дієслова to be
- •Модальні дієслова (modal verbs)
- •Модальне дієслово can
- •Модальне дієслово could
- •Модальне дієслово may
- •Модальне дієслово must
- •Ознаки розпізнавання граматичних форм, утворених за допомогою допоміжних дієслів should I would
- •Підрядні додаткові та означальні речення (object clauses)
- •Виділення членів речення за допомогою підсилювальної конструкції it is (was, will be) ... That (who, which)
- •Умовний спосіб
- •(Infinitive)
- •Форми інфінітива
- •Суб’єктний інфінітивний комплекс
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс (Objective Infinitive Construction)
- •Дієприкметник (participle)
- •Форми дієприкметника Forms of Participle
- •Об’єктний дієприкметниковий комплекс (Objective Participle Construction)
- •The Objective Participle Construction перекладається підрядним реченням зі сполучником “як”: I saw them walking along the street. – я бачив, як вони йшли по вулиці. Герундій (gerund)
- •Форми герундія
- •Герундіальний комплекс (зворот) (Gerund Construction)
- •Узгодження часів у підрядному додатковому реченні
- •Vocabulary список використаної літератури
- •О.О. Пісоцька і.В. Знаменська в.Г. Костенко
Routes of Drug Administration
Oral |
Sublingual |
Rectal |
Parenteral |
Vaginal |
Inhalation |
Topical |
Tablets Capsules Solutions |
Tablets |
Suppositories |
Injections: Subcutaneous Intradermal Intramuscular Intravenous Intrathecal Intracavitary |
Suppositories |
Aerosols |
Lotions Creams Ointments |
Ex. 13. Answer the following questions:
1. What is a drug? 2. What are drugs obtained from? 3. What dosage forms do you know? 4. What routes of drug administration are there? 5. What types of injections do you know?
Ex. 14. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:
Adverse ['xdvq:s] несприятливий, побічний; refer [rI'fq:] стосуватися, мати відношення до чогось; upset [Ap'set] порушення, розлад; benefit ['benefit] перевага; outweigh [out'weI] бути більш впливовим, поважним; approve схвалювати, стверджувати; evaluate оцінювати; trial ['traI(q)l] випробування, дослід.
Ex. 15. Read the following text and answer the following questions:
1. What is adverse drug reaction? 2. How to evaluate the safety of a drug? 3. How to avoid any risks of adverse drug reaction or drug poisoning?
Adverse drug reaction
Adverse drug reaction (ADR, or adverse drug effect) is a broad term referring to unwanted, uncomfortable, or dangerous effects that a drug may have. Some risks are not very serious, like an upset stomach. Others, like liver damage, are more serious. When a medicine's benefits outweigh its known risks, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it safe enough to approve. Both prescription and over-the-counter medicines (non-proscription) must be approved before they can be sold in the U.S. The FDA evaluates the safety of a drug by looking at side effects, how it's manufactured, results of animal testing and clinical trials, and more. The FDA also monitors a drug's safety after approval. To reduce the risk of a problem, follow the directions carefully when taking medicines. Make sure that your health care provider knows all of the medicines and supplements you are using. Also, make sure to mention if you are pregnant or nursing. Some medicines can hurt your baby. Make sure that you understand and follow the instructions on taking the drug.
Ex. 16. Find in the text “Adverse Drug Reaction” the equivalents for the following words and word-combinations:
Контролювати безпечність ліків; оцінювати безпечність ліків; клінічні дослідження (випробовування); перевага; схвалювати; розлад шлунку; небезпечний вплив; зменшити (скоротити) ризик.
Ex. 17. Match the definition with the proper terms:
1. A liquid suspension or dispersion for external application to the body. 2. A semisolid preparation for external application to the body, and usually containing a medicinal substance. 3. A medicated solution to be dropped into the conjunctival sac. 4. A solution of a drug which can be atomized into a fine mist for inhalation therapy. 5. A medicated mass adapted for introduction into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orifices of the body; its bases are solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature. 6. A soft, soluble container for enclosing a dose of medicine. 7. A substance made up of an aggregation (маса) of small particles, as that obtained by the grinding or trituration (подрібнення, перетирання) of a solid drug. |
|
a) tablet b) capsule c) ear drop d) ointment e) suppository f) powder g) lotion h) aerosol i) eye drop
|
Ex. 18. Complete the following sentences with the words given below:
1. Please read this leaflet before you start _ HYTRIN (HI-TRIN). 2. Also read it each time you get a new _. 3. HYTRIN is used to _ hypertension and _ prostatic hyperplasia in men. 4. HYTRIN works by _ blood vessels so that the blood passes through them more easily. 5. HYTRIN can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure after the first _ . 6. _ HYTRIN and all medicines out of the reach of children.
a) treat; b) contracting, c) keep, d) relieve, e) dose, f) taking, g) relaxing, h) prescription, i) benign. |
Ex. 19. Put the verbs into correct tense forms and translate the following sentences:
1. (to take) two of these capsules three times a day after meals. 2. Barbiturates are drugs, which (to use) often in the treatment of emotional disorders. 3. Many herbs (to know) for their healing properties. 4. The medicine (to be) so effective that he was almost back to normal within a few days. 5. Acetaminophen (to come) as a tablet, chewable tablet, capsule, suspension or solution (liquid). 6. Acetaminophen may also (to use) in combination with aspirin and caffeine to relieve the pain associated with migraine headache.
Ex. 20. Make up a plan to the text “Drugs: Their Main Characteristics and Forms”.
Ex. 21. Speak on the main characteristics and forms of drugs.
Ex. 22. Pronounce and translate the words and word-combinations to the theme studied:
Neuropharmacological; neoplastic drugs; blood clotting; to relieve uncomfortable symptoms; antihistamine; analgesic (analgetic) ["xnxl'GesIk] анальгетик, аналгезуючий засіб; indigestion ["IndI'GesC(q)n] порушення травлення; unwanted variation in heart rhythm ["vFqrI'eIS(q)n; rIDm]; anticoagulant ['xntIkqu'xgjulqnt] антикоагулянт; речовина, що затримує згортання крові; mood-lifting drug; antifungal антигрибковий, протигрибковий; antipyretic ['xntIpaI'retIk] жарознижувальний засіб; антипіретик; antiviral ['xntI'vaIrql] противірусний; bronchodilator; asthma ['xsmq]; suppress [sq'pres] пригнічувати; hypnotic [hIp'nOtIk] снодійне (засіб); laxative ['lxksqtIv] проносне (засіб); constipation закреп; nitrate ['naItreIt]; angina [xn'GaInq] стенокардія; vasodilator авзодилатор, судинорозширювальне (засіб).
Ex. 23. Read and translate the following text: