Тема 4. Infinitive

Subject	To acquire knowledge is everybody’s duty
Parenthetical Clause	To tell the truth, I don’t like this film
Object	Не likes to spend his holi­days in the South. I want to have a rest. He forced her to go with him.
Part of Predicate	The problem is to do every­thing without delay. The aim of our research work is to find the neces­sary data.
Attribute	Here is a nice book to read before going to bed. I have an idea to spend ho­lidays abroad. He was the first to offer his hand to me.
Adverbial modifier Of purpose Of consequences Of concurrent circumstances	I do sports to keep fit. To know a foreign language well you have to work hard. Now he is too tired to give us an account of his trip. This method is not accu­rate enough to produce any definite results. Hydrogen and oxygen unite to form water

1. I remember to have been living in the Caucasus for two years before the war broke out.

2. My friend was glad to have been given such an interesting assignment.

3. She hoped to be sent to study abroad.

4. The data to be used have been carefully analyzed.

5. To understand Russian culture is impossible without the names of Bulgakov, Platonov and Pasternak.

6. To do it accurately was the main problem.

7. To tell him the truth at the moment meant nearly to kill him.

8. Our plan was to begin the experimental part of the research by the end of the month.

9. It was not the sort of thing to be said over the telephone.

10. His real motive is to protect emotional stability in his family.

11. Mrs. Jane Makin woke early to find two burglars carrying her TV set from her home.

12. I woke one morning to find myself famous

13. To unify the exchange rates would be one of the main objectives of the country’s foreign exchange policy.

14. The inflation rate was not high enough to start paying compensations to workers.

15. To ensure a steady economic growth, all the macroeconomic parameters must be involved.

16. Poland was the first post-communist country to implement what later on was called a ‘shock therapy’ in the economic policy.

17. The terms to be insisted on in the upcoming talks are as follows.

18. The IMF experts arrived on a regular mission to find that their recommendations were not followed to the full extent.

19. He was not quite prepared for the talks, to put it mildly.

20. To begin with, this country is a confederation of a number of different people and tribes.

21. To ignore the objective connection between the cuts in strategic offensive weapons and limitation in ABM ( anti-ballistic missile) systems is to undermine strategic stability and international stability.

22. The president asked to be relieved of the post of state president.

23. US president called on the new Iranian leader to help release US hostages held by pro-Iranian militants in Lebanon.

24. The struggle to halt and reverse the arms race must take priority over all economic and social objectives.

25. To deal with this crisis, the peoples and governments of the world will have to engineer common action on an unprecedented scale.

26. Russian officials admitted in April that they were concerned that Tehran might be enriching uranium in order to develop nuclear weapons.

27. To create jobs for people who want them a number of serious questions will need to be tackled.

28. A group of former intelligence specialists called on the president to investigate the CIA and other spy agencies for failure to uncover weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.

Задание 4. Prepared Translation

From the news press 4

6. Россия остановит атомные энергоблоки В начале третьего тысячелетия Рос­сия намерена остановить все атомные энергоблоки первого поколения. Об этом заявил на встрече с журналистами в Па­риже генеральный директор Всероссий­ского научно-исследовательского инсти­тута по эксплуатации АЭС Армен Абагян. По его словам, на девяти российских атомных электростанциях сейчас дейст­вуют в общей сложности 29 энергоблоков. 12 из них относятся к первому поколе­нию, то есть были построены около 25 лет назад. Все они после 2000 года будут оста­новлены, а затем демонтированы. Переводческие решения 1- ... Россия намерена остановить все атомные блоки первого поколения ... ... на девяти российских атомных электростанциях сейчас действуют в общей сложности 29 энергоблоков ... ... а затем демонтированы ...

Nuclear plant in Russia to be de-commissioned At the beginning of the third millen­nium Russia intends de-commissioning all first-generation nuclear power plants. This was announced in Paris to journalists by Armen Abagyan, Director General of the All-Russian Research Institute for the Maintenance of Nuclear Power Stations. According to his statement, nine of Rus­sia's Nuclear Power Stations are currently operating a total of 29 power units, of which twelve are of the first generation, i.e., were built about 25 years ago. After the year 2000 they will all be de­commissioned and eventually dismantled. Translator's Decisions ... Russia intends de-commissioning all first-generation nuclear power plants ... nine of Russia's nuclear power stations are currently operating a total of 29 power units ... ... and eventually dismantled...

7. АЭС в Южной Корее будут обследованы Южная Корея готова предоставить возможность Северной Корее ознакомить­ся с блоками номер 3 и номер 4 на атом­ной электростанции в Ульджине, чтобы Пхеньян мог убедиться в качестве ядер­ных реакторов на легкой воде южноко­рейского типа. Об этом заявил замести­тель премьер-министра, министр по де­лам национального объединения Респуб­лики Корея во время посещения АЭС. Его высказывание последовало после отказа КНДР принять реакторы южнокорейско­го типа в рамках американо-северокорей­ского соглашения по ядерной проблеме, подписанного в Женеве в октябре 1994 года. Министерство иностранных дел Южной Кореи опровергло в субботу сооб­щение местной прессы о том, что генера­льный секретарь Международного агент­ства по атомной энергии (МАГАТЭ) Ханс Блике заявил в Сеуле, что КНДР недавно начала подготовку к перезагрузке своего ядерного реактора в Йонбене. Переводческие решения ... об этом заявил ... ... его высказывание последовало после отказа КНДР ... ... в рамках ...

7. Nuclear power stations in South Korea to be examined South Korea is prepared to allow North Korea to examine units 3 and 4 at the Uljin nuclear power station so that Pyongyang can be satisfied as to the reli­ability of South Korea's light-water reac­tors. A statement to this effect was made during a visit to the power station by the deputy Prime Minister, who is also the Minister for National Unity in the Korean Republic (i.e. South Korea). He made the statement following North Korea's refusal to accept the South Korean reactors within the context of the US—North Ko­rean nuclear agreement signed in Geneva in October 1994. On Saturday the South Korean foreign industry denied a report in the local press that the General Secre­tary of the International Atomic Energy Agency had declared in Seoul that North Korea had recently begun preparing to re­charge its reactor in Yongtzen. Translator's Decisions ... a statement to this effect was made ... ... he made the statement following North Korea's refusal ... ... within the context of ...

Задание 5. Interview

Interview with Nelson Mandela

Q: Ваше посещение Организации Объединенных Наций совпа­ло с новым проявлением антагонизма между развивающимися и развитыми странами. Почему?

A: The United Nations should be restructured so as to reflect the main forms of civilization in the world. And there should be no monopoly by the Western powers on the permanent seats at the Security Council. The developing countries are also saying that we must examine distribution of resources; it is hunger, poverty and disease that make people rebel. At the same time, we must not dismiss the Western powers' concerns — they carry the financial burden of the UN.

О: Кто-то считает, что в США расовые проблемы значительно серьезнее, чем в ЮАР. Правда ли это?

A: Totally untrue. What made apartheid a crime against humanity is that the racism was entrenched in the Constitution and the laws of our country. That was never the case in the United States. At least the Constitution prohibited outlawed racism. It is a vast difference. You do find racism, but there is a vast difference, no doubt.

Q: Чтобы вы ответили своим оппонентам, которые говорят, что правительство черного большинства не выполнило предвыборных обещаний?

A: In many meetings before the last elections I made it clear that I want to better the lives of our people by creating jobs and building houses and schools and hospitals, introducing electricity and clean water, constructing roads. But we warned that to carry out this program would take some years. In the last we have done far more than the Nationalist Party did in 45 years of its rule. But the people have forgotten that. They want houses. They want jobs. We go to them and remind them of our achievements.

I have gone to the private sector and they are helping now. But it requires a great deal of work on the ground, and patience and time. So we are working on it.

Задание 6. Прочитайте текст

SLANG/ARGOT/JARGON/CANT

Situation	Formal	Relaxed	Informal
You are talking to a friend. You are about to say some­thing important and you ad­vise your friend to write down:	Please take down what I am saying	I'd take a note of this	Jot this down
A friend leaves the room and doesn't close the door. You are angry about this:	Please remember to close the door next time	Pull the door to next time	Were you born in a barn, or what?
Money has been disappear­ing from the office. You wan t the person responsible to admit his/her guilt:	I would like the culprit to openly declare his o her guilt.	I'd like the person respon­sible to own up	Just come clean
You are describing how the president verbally attacked you:	She launched a tirade of verbal abuse against me	She really let me have it	She ripped me to pieces
A friend of yours is very handsome and attracts many women:	Women find him very charming	He's really popular with the ladies	He’s a bit of a hit with the girls
A friend is going to a meeting with the presi­dent. The president is a very aggressive woman and you are sure there will be a lot of shouting:	She will deal with you in a very violent manner	You won't be any match for her	She'll have you for break­fast; she'll have your guts for garters; she'll make mincemeat of you
You are describing to a friend how your football team lost five games, one after the other:	We lost five games con­secutively	We lost five games in a row	We lost five games on the trot; we lost five games on the bounce
You tell an acquaintance to be serious and to stop joking around	I would appreciate it if you would recognize the gravity of the situation and would take it seriously	This is serious, can you please stop joking?	Come on, man, don’t be such a goober, this shit is for serious.
You are very attracted to a girl (or a boy), and wish to ask them out on a date.	Madam, I find myself very attracted to you. Will you do me the honor of consenting to go out to dinner?	I think you are cute, would you like to go out on a date with me?	Girl, you’re fine! Gimme your digits, and let’s hook up.
You ask a friend if they would like some bear.	Could I offer you some beer?	Do you want a beer?	Hey man, you wanna brewski?
A friend is singing loudly, you ask her to stop.	Please cease that singing!	Stop that singing!	Give it a rest, would you? Cut it out, would you? Turn it off, would you?
You were organizing a concert but have decided to cancel it at the last minute.	We are going to halt the commencement of this project.	We are going to call off the project.	We are going to pull the plug on the project; we’re going to scrap it.
You would like to arrange to have dinner with a friend.	Would you like to join me for a meal?	Do you want to grab a bite to eat?	Yo, let’s go get some grub!
You are talking about a friend who never enjoys himself at parties	He ruins the party atmosphere	He spoils the party	He’s a party pooper; he’s a wet blanket; he’s a misery guts
Easy, well-paid job	It is a well-remunerated and straightforward job	It’s a well-paid, easy job	It’s a cushy job; a walk in the park; a piece of a piss
You have a DVD you are offering to anyone who wants it.	The DVD is available to anyone who requests it.	I’ve got this DVD id anyone wants it	This DVD is up for grabs

Задание 7. Texts for written translation.

1.“My mate can be really thick sometimes. He stopped to get some fags and left the car open. He talked to the bird in the shop for about five minutes, and some guy nicked his stereo and two hundred quid from the car. Then he called the cops - but what can they do?”

2.“Bob is a great guy. He never blows his stack. He hardly ever flies off his handle. Well, of course, he is actually getting on, too. But he always knows how to make up for the lost time by taking it easy. He gets up early, works out, and turns in early. He knows how to get away with things. Bob’s got it made. This is it for him. He is a cool cat.”

3. That guy, Fred, is a real top banana. The guy is out to lunch. He better be careful because real soon he's going to find himself eating humble pie. His ideas are OK on the surface but when you start to look at them you realize that they are really Swiss cheese. He always expects us to fill in the holes and make him look good. We get everything he gives us done to a T, but he takes all the credit. It would be nice if, for once, he would give us time to develop something challenging that we can really sink our teeth into. At least it would be nice to get credit for all that we do to make him and our organization look good, but I doubt that will happen; he always wants the whole enchilada for himself.

He is always dangling the carrot of private compliments in our faces, but we know they are insincere. He must think we are bunch of cream puffs. But someday, he is going to get his pie in the face. He'll be in a real stew and we won't be there to clean it up. Soon... he'll get his just desserts . Because he can't have the cake and eat it too.

4.The part that got me was a lady sitting next to me that cried all through the goddam picture. The phonier it got, the more she cried. You'd have thought she did it because she was kind-hearted as hell, but I was sitting right next to her, and she wasn't. She had this little kid with her that was bored as hell and had to go to the bathroom, but she wouldn't take him. She kept telling him to sit still and behave himself. She was about as kind-hearted as a goddam wolf. You take somebody that cries their goddam eyes out over phoney stuff in the movies, and nine times out often they are теап bastards at heart. I'm not kidding.

UNIT 6

Задание 1. Мнемотехника

1.1

676 бутылок пива,840 банок пива, 974 бут коньяка 517 бутылок лимонада, 82 бутылки сока, 6 бутылок кваса 147 кг сыра, 22 кг колбасы, 3 кг говядины 2 т яблок, 155 кг бананов, 64 кг апельсинов 4 т риса, 716 кг макарон, 230 мешков картошки 35 кг гречки, 48 т пшена, 36 кг манки

kvass beef Buckwheat, millet, semolina

1.2. Лондонские культурные памятники оказались самыми дорогими

Издание Telegraph изучило и сравнило расценки на посещение самых известных мест в 11 городах мира, включая Сидней, Гонконг, Лондон, Париж и Рим. Так, среди всех основных туристических центров Земли самыми дорогими являются историко-культурные памятники Лондона. Здесь семья из четырех человек должна потратить около €550 (приблизительно $1096) за осмотр 10 платных достопримечательностей, в то время как в Париже им потребуется лишь €484 ($796), в Нью-Йорке - $749, а в Риме - €271 ($430).Самым же дешевым городом в списке Telegraph оказался Дублин, где посещение 10 достопримечательностей обойдется туристам всего лишь в €180 ($356).

1.3. Tongue Tanglers

1.Yellow butter, purple jelly, red jam, black bread. Spread it thick, say it quickl Yellow butter, purple jelly, red jam, black bread. Spread it thicker, say it quickerl Yellow butter, purple jelly, red jam, black bread. Don't eat with your mouth full! Yellow butter, purple jelly, red jam, black bread. Don't speak with your mouth full!	4.There was a man, and his name was Dob, And he had a wife, and her name was Mob, And had a dog, and he called it Cob, And she had a cat, called Chitterabob. Cob, says Dob Chitterabob, says Mob. Cob was Dob's dog, Chitterabob Mob's cat.
2.A canner exceedingly canny One morning remarked to his grannie: "A canner can can anything that he can, But a canner can't can a can,can'e?" 3.A tutor who tooted a flute Tried to tutor two tutors to toot Said the two to the tutor Is it harder to toot Or to tutor two tutors to toot	5.Betty Botta bought some butter, But, she said, the butter's bitter; If I put it in my batter It will make my batter bitter, But a bit of better butter Will make my batter better. So she bought a bit of butter Better than her bitter butter, And she put it in her batter And the batter wasn't bitter. So t’was better Betty Botta bought a bit of better butter.

From the Web

Первый урок, английский для начинающих: "Три ведьмы разглядывают трое часов "Свотч". Какая из ведьм разглядывает какие часы?" Теперь по английски!

Three witches watch three Swatch watches. Which witch watches which Swatch watch?

Второй урок, английский для продвинутых учеников: "Три ведьмы-трансвеститки разглядывают три кнопочки на часах "Свотч". Какая из ведьм-трансвеститок разглядывает какую кнопочку на часах "Свотч"?" Теперь по-английски!

Three switched witches watch three Swatch watch switches. Which switched witch watches which Swatch watch switch?

Третий и последний урок, английский для абсолютных профессионалов: "Три швейцарских ведьмы-сучки, желающих изменить свой пол, разглядывают три кнопочки на часах "Свотч". Какая из швейцарских ведьм-сучек, желающих изменить свой пол, разглядывает какую кнопочку на часах "Свотч"?" Теперь по-английски!

Three swiss witch-bitches, which wished to be switched swiss witch-bitches, watch three swiss Swatch watch switches. Which swiss witch-bitch, which wishes to be a switched swiss witch-bitch, wishes to watch which swiss Swatch switch?

1.4 Откуда взялись название фирм

1. Adobe - назв в честь реки Adobe Creek, которая текла за домом основателя компании Джона Ворнока (John Warnock).

2. Apache - Изначально компания занималась поставкой патчей к программам. A PAtCH транформировалось в Apache. Правда, у индейцев есть своя версия =)

3. Apple - любимый фрукт основателя компании Стива Джобса (Steve Jobs). После трех месяцев тщетных попыток найти название для нового бизнеса, он поставил свой партнером ультиматум: «Я назову компанию Apple, если к 5ти часам вы не предложите лучшего».

4. Apples Macintosh - название сорта яблок, продававшегося в США.

5. Canon - в честь Kwanon, буддийского бога милосердия. Было изменено на Canon, чтобы избежать протестов религиозных организаций

6. Daewoo - основатель компании Ким Ву Чонг (Kim Woo Chong) назвал компанию скромно, «Большая Вселенная», именно так переводится с корейского.

7. Google - название произошло от слова Googol, означающее единицу со 100 нулями. А Google было написано на чеке, который основатели этого проекта (среди которых, кстати, бывший россиянин - Сергей Брин) получили от первого инвестора. После этого они назвали поисковик именно так.

8. HP (Hewlett-Packard) - основатели Билл Хьюлетт (Bill Hewlett) и Дэйв Паккард (Dave Packard) бросали монетку, чтобы решить, чье имя будет первым в названии. Как вы понимаете, выиграл Билл.

9. Hotmail - основателю Джеку Смиту (Jack Smith) пришла идея доступа к электронной почте через web из любой точки мира. Когда Сабир Бхатиа (Sabeer Bhatia) появился с бизнес-планом данного сервиса, он перебрал все слова, оканчивающиеся на «mail» и в конце концов остановился на hotmail, так как в названии присутствовали буквы HTML (язык разметки веб-страниц).

Задание 2. Response rate

5A Social security contributions – спорный, горячо дебатируемый вопрос – disputed territory – взять под стражу – to call on Smb for Smth– силы быстрого развертывания – to commit troops – спад – security pact – госслужащий – rule out smth– выступать против – to take three shillings off the price – Валовый Внутренний Продукт – to reject a proposal – террорист-смертник – to call for an end to bloodshed – быть возведенным в должность президента - to inaugurate an epoch of new relationship – пытаться преодолеть затруднение, энергично браться за что-л – to resume doing smth - провозгласить независимость – be convicted of fraud – районы под властью партизан– to be riddled with bullets - остановить что-либо

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5B Взнос в фонд социального обеспечения – vexed question – спорная территория – to put under arrest – призвать кого-л к чему-л – rapid deployment force – направить войска – recession – договор о безопасности - civil servant – отказать от чего-л – be opposed to – снизить стоимость на три шиллинга – Gross Domestic Product–отклонить предложение–suicide-bomber-призвать к прекращению кровопролития – to be inaugurated as president – ознаменовать эпоху новых взаимоотношений – to tackle a difficulty - возобновить деятельность – to declare independence from – быть обвиненным в мошенничестве – guerrilla-ridden province – изрешеченный пулями - to bring smth to a halt

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Задание 3. Sight Translation

News in Brief 5 (World Events)

1. Taxes and social-security contributions consumed a record 42.4% of the European Union's GDP last year, said the EU's statistical agency, Eurostat. Three Nordic countries imposed the heaviest burdens on their economies, with Sweden taking 55.2%. Ireland, Spain and Britain taxed less than 36%.

2. The new president of Nagorno-Karabakh, the disputed territory held by Armenia against the wishes of Azerbaijan, rejects international proposals for returning the area to Azerbaijan's sovereignty while giving its ethnic Armenian population autonomy.

3. Bombs again exploded in Ben-Yehuda, the main pedestrian shopping! street in central Jerusalem. Early reports said that six people were killed, including the suicide-bombers, and more than 100 were wounded.

4. Abassi Madani, leader of Algeria's banned Islamic party who recently freed from six years' imprisonment, was put under house arrest for calling, in a letter to the UN, for an end to bloodshed and the opening of dialogue.

5. Plans for a U N rapid-deployment force took a step forward when Kofi Annan, the secretary-general, officially inaugurated the brigade staff. Seven countries have so far committed troops to the force, which became to be operational in 1999.

6. Despite promises that he would tackle corruption in Kenya, its President failed to persuade the IMF to resume lending. But the Kenyan shilling, which fell by nearly 20% when the IMF suspended a

$220m loan last month, steadied.

7. The Comoros government said it had invaded the island of Anjouan, which last month set up its own administration. It was seeking independence — or a return to French rule.

8. Joseph Kennedy, the son of Robert Kennedy, gave up his campaign to be governor of Massachusetts.

9. Inter-party arguments almost prevented the first meeting of Mexico's newly elected Congress, where the mighty PRI1 no longer — after 68 years — has an overall majority. In the end it did meet, to hear President Fox both welcome the jubilant parties of opposition and warn them not to put Mexico's economic rehabilitation at risk.

10. In Colombia's guerrilla-ridden province of Antioquia, the governor appointed army and police officers to replace four mayors kidnapped to sabotage next month's elections. Many Colombians had more commonplace worries: the continuing recession, which led to a nationwide day of strikes and protests.

Задание 4. Грамматические трудности перевода