- •Air travel
- •1. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below.
- •2. Instructions as above.
- •3. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below.
- •4. Translate into English:
- •5. Complete the sentences.
- •6. Here are 12 words that appeared in Unit 1 and the explanation to them. Find the words according to their explanation.
- •2. Where do you go first when you travel by plane? Put these places in the correct order. Write 1-5 on the left.
- •3. Read and listen to the conversations. Where are they? Write the letter next to the correct place on the right in Exercise 2.
- •4. Read the conversations again carefully. Who are the people?
- •5. Close your books. Listen to some of the lines from the conversations. There is a pause after each one for you to respond. You can use the ideas from the conversations in the book or your own ideas.
- •6. Translate into English:
- •7 . Who is saying what? Write the letters (a-m) in the correct Speech balloon. Try to memorize what each person says.
- •8. What did the people at the airport say to each other?
- •9. Translate into English:
- •10. Make up micro dialogues:
- •Listening comprehension: Travelling by Air
- •1. Read the text.
- •2. Translate into your language and back into English: Lufthansa’s home base
- •3. Match a line in a with a line in b to form a question. Answer this question
- •4. Work out questions to the following answers.
- •5. Listen and complete the conversations.
- •6. Practise the conversations in two several times. Use different information each time.
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Listen to the questions and choose one of the responds.
- •Key to Exercise 5
- •1. Read the text. Welcome to heathrow
- •Amazing facts... Every year Heathrow hands over There are 9,200 baggage
- •2. Fill the gaps with numbers from the box. Then check your answers in the text.
- •3. Pair work. Ask your friend about Heathrow airport. Begin each sentence from How many...? and use sentences of exercise 2. Listen to your friend's answer.
- •4. Which of these remarks are true? Begin your sentence with "Oh, yes, it's true..." or "Oh, no, it's not true..."
- •6. Translate into English:
- •7. Speak about Heathrow airport.
- •8. Here are 12 words that appeared in Unit 4 and the explanation to them. Find the words according to their explanation.
- •Word list
- •1. Study this information from a brochure for people travelling from other countries to London Heathrow Airport. Arrivals
- •2. Which of the following statements are true and which are false?
- •3. Change the sentences above which are false so that they are true.
- •4. Translate into English:
- •5. Complete the sentences:
- •Word list
- •Flying to spain
- •2. In flight. Norman is now on the plane. Listen to the four announcements, and answer the questions after each one.
- •3. Lunch on the plane. Listen to the dialogue and repeat. Then make up your own conversation.
- •5. Pair work. Ask each other questions and complete a landing card for each other.
- •6. Passport control. Listen to the dialogue and repeat. Then make up your own conversation.
- •9. Translate into English:
- •10. Here are 12 words that appeared in Unit 6 and the explanation to them. Find the words according to their explanation.
- •Word list
- •1. Read the story. Travelling by air
- •2. Put these events in the right order, according to the story.
- •10. Replace the underlined words with the words of the same meaning that appeared in Unit 7.
- •Word list
- •1. Put the different phases of flight in the correct sequence, filling in the table below
- •2. Look at the pictures and write down the number that corresponds to these words.
- •Word list
- •Keys to exercises
- •1. Read a slightly abridged story by Robert l. Fish. Hijack
- •2. Answer the questions to the story.
- •3. Take the parts of the characters of the story and try to dramatize it.
- •4. Nouns that go together. Match a line in a with a line in b. (The stress is on the first word in all the combinations).
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Word list
- •2. Find in the text examples of Present Perfect Continuous Tense and Present Perfect Simple Tense and explain the difference.
- •3. Here are the summaries of the seven paragraphs. Match them to the correct paragraph.
- •4. Read this summary of the text. There are some mistakes in it. Say if the sentences are true or false.
- •5. Translate into Russian and then back into English.
- •6. Make up sentences of your own with the word combinations in
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Speak about one of the items shown in Exercise 3. Word list
- •Reading comprehension: Airplane Structure
- •1. Look at the picture, listen to the tape and repeat the words.
- •2. Look at the pictures on the next page. There is a word which corresponds to each number. Decide which of the words you know.
- •5. Look at these words for parts of a plane:
- •6. Look at the diagram on this page. Do you know the words which correspond to the numbers? Fill in the crossword below.
- •7. Read the text. Aeroplane structure
- •8. Answer the questions to the text.
- •9. Find in the text examples of Participle I and Participle II and try to explain the difference.
- •10. Find in the text examples of -ing forms and explain the difference between Participle I and Gerund.
- •12. Translate into English.
- •Word list
- •Key to exercise 6
- •1. Study the following definitions: distress: a dangerous situation requiring immediate assistance
- •2. Classify these incidents into the 'distress' or 'urgency' category, and write them in the table below.
- •4. Work in pairs. Ask your friend (a pilot) about his possible action in the case of possible incidents during flight. Listen to his answer.
- •5. Match English and Russian equivalents.
- •6. Listen to the transmissions and define the type of emergency.
- •Word list
- •Keys to exercises
- •1. Read an abridged extract from a. Hailey's ‘Airport’. Explosive decompression on board trans america two
- •2. Check the box in front of the correct answer.
- •3. Find in the text examples of Continuous Tenses and explain their usage.
- •4. Pair work. You are a controller of the Toronto Air Route Centre. Your partner is Anson Harris who has called you.
- •6. Here are 8 aviation terms and definitions to them. Try to match the terms with their definitions. Memorize them.
- •8. Try to explain the words and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •Word list
- •1. Read an article by Andrew Alderson and Ian Birrell from The Sunday Times, 28/10/90. Concorde and jumbo in air miss over heathrow
- •2. Answer the questions to the text of the article.
- •3. Word building. The word in capital at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space. Fill in each blank this way.
- •4. Make short conversations between.
- •6. Replace the underlined words with the word of the same or nearly the same meaning that appeared in Unit 14.
- •1. Read an article from an aviation magazine. Fill each gap with one of the following verb forms:
- •Two aircraft hit uk motorways
- •2. Answer the questions to the text of the article.
- •3. Find in the text of the article words to the following definitions and synonyms:
- •4. Put in the missing prepositions in the following sentences. Each preposition can be used more than once.
- •6. Use the word combinations in Exercise 5 in the sentences of your own.
- •7. Speak about the accident on the m2 motorway.
- •1. Look at the paragraphs quickly and first decide which paragraphs go with which story.
- •2. Put the paragraphs in the right order.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions. Work out the questions.
- •4. There are three different pronunciation of the -ed in the regular past tenses.
- •Inhabited filled skidded
- •5. Here are the past tense forms of 7 irregular verbs from the articles. Write the base forms.
- •6. Find the examples of Participle I and Participle II in the articles and explain the difference. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •7. Read the articles again and find the words to the following definitions.
- •8. Role-play game. You are reporters of a newspaper. Take an interview of one of passengers from twa Flight 843.
- •9. Role-play game. You are an observer of tv news. Speak about el al Boeing 747 Amsterdam crash.
- •10. Translate into English.
- •11. Here are 12 words that appeared in Unit 16 and the explanation to them. Find the words according to their explanation.
- •1. Read the article from Flight International.
- •8. Use the word combinations of Exercise 7 in the sentences of your own.
- •9. Try to use the words from the box to fill in the gap. Caution! Two words are not used.
- •Word list
- •Reading comprehension: Jet Propulsion.
- •2. Read the text from the history of aviation. Jet propulsion
- •3. Find in the text some adjectives and adverbs in the Comparative or the Superlative degree:
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Which of these remarks are true?
- •6. See the sentence from the text:
- •Complete the sentences using the same structure
- •7. Read the short piece of information about Concorde. Fill each gap with one of the following adjectives or adverbs.
- •8. Translate into English:
- •Word list
- •Reading comprehension: Careers in Aviation and at the airport
- •1. Here is a table with the names of jobs in aviation, followed by a list of definitions of the jobs. Match the jobs with the definitions, and write the definitions in the table.
- •2. Read the text. Careers in aviation and at the airport
- •3. Answer the questions to the text.
- •4. There are some examples of Present Perfect Tense in the text. Try to find these sentences and translate them into your language. Explain the usage of Present Perfect Tense.
- •5. Translate the sentences with the Infinitive into your language.
- •6. Find in the text synonyms to the following:
- •7. Give English equivalents for the following:
- •8. Use expressions of exercise 7 in the sentences of your own.
- •9. Translate into English:
- •Word list
- •Keys to exercises
- •1. There are different jobs for a general aviation pilot. Read the text. Fill each gap with one of the pilot's jobs.
- •The general aviation pilot
- •2. Choose the appropriate meaning.
- •3. Transfer the sentences from exercise 2 from Passive into Active.
- •4. Here are the definitions to the aviation words used in the text. Find them according to the indicated paragraph.
- •5. Pair work. Choose two pilot's jobs, ask and answer each other questions about them as if were a pilot.
- •6. Choose one of the pilot's jobs and speak about it.
- •8. Translate into English:
- •Word list
- •Listen to the description of the main control panel and write in the abbreviations for the instruments in the correct place on the diagram. The first two instruments are labelled for you.
- •3. Read the text. Flight instruments
- •4. Answer the following questions to the text.
- •5. Speak about each of the instruments mentioned in the text. Use the following structure.
- •Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •7. Use the word combinations given in Exercise 6 in the sentences of your own.
- •8. Here are 10 names of the flight instruments that appeared in Unit 21 and explanation to them. Find the words according to their explanation. Careful! Four names are not used!
- •Word list
- •Key to Exercise 2
- •3. Now try to make the same words tree, but this time, do not look at the tree you filled in or the list of the words.
- •4. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •5. Match a line in a with a line in b to define the words in italics. Use your dictionary if you want.
- •6. Read the text. Weather information for the pilot
- •7. Which of these remarks are true? Correct the false ones.
- •8. Answer the following questions to the text.
- •Word list
- •1. Read the text. London volmet service
- •2. Answer the questions to the text.
- •4. The Volmet broadcasts are given in the wrong order. Correct them.
- •5. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •6. Match English and Russian equivalents.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Here are 10 aviation terms and definitions to them. Try to match the terms with their definitions, memorize them.
- •Word list
- •1. Read the text and define five types of altitudes.
- •2. Find in the text synonyms for the following. Sort; ground; straight; present; to set; obstruction; ascent; real; show in; changes.
- •3. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •Вертикальное расстояние
- •4. Match the English and Russian equivalents.
- •5. Put questions to the following answers from the text above.
- •6. Give definitions to the above mentioned different types of altitude. Word list
- •Key to Exercises
- •1. Read the text. Technology: enhanced vision system (evs)
- •2. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •4. Match English and Russian equivalents.
- •5. Find in the text and give synonyms for the following.
- •6. Form adverbs from the following adjectives and translate pairs into your language.
- •Word list
- •Key to Exercises
- •1. Read the text. Holding procedures
- •Holding
- •Non Holding
- •2 Find in the text examples of sentences with modal verbs and explain their meaning. Read the review of modal verbs.
- •3. Answer the questions to the text.
- •4. Give synonyms from the text for the following.
- •5. Match the English and Russian equivalents.
- •6. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Here are 10 words that appeared in Unit 26. Use them in the correct form to fill in the gaps.
- •Word list
- •2. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3. Which of the statements are true and which ones are false? Correct the false ones.
- •5. Give opposites for the following.
- •6. Write the opposite of words by adding these beginnings.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Here are 10 words that appeared in Unit 27. Use them in the correct form to fill in the gaps.
- •Word list
- •Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •3. Match the English and Russian equivalents.
- •Make up sentences from the following words and word combinations.
- •Word list
- •Read the text. Fill each gap with one of the words or word combinations given below. Weight and balance
- •2. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3. Here are the answers to questions. Work out questions.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •7. Here are 10 words that appeared in Unit 30. Use them in the correct form to fill in the gaps.
- •Word list
- •Key to Exercise 4
- •Weight and balance
- •2. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3. Here are the answers to questions. Work out questions.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •7. Here are 10 words that appeared in Unit 30. Use them in the correct form to fill in the gaps.
- •Word list
- •Key to Exercise 4
- •1. Read the text. Secondary surveillance radar
- •Answer the questions.
- •3. Match the English and Russian equivalents.
- •4. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •5. Here are 16 aviation terms and definition to them. Try to match the terms with their definitions. Memorize them.
- •6. Find in the text the example of different Future Tenses, translate them into your language and explain the difference.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Word list
- •Key to Exercise 6
- •1. Read text 1. London heathrow
- •2. Answer the questions to text 1.
- •3. Read text 2. Departing flights at heathrow
- •4. Show the sequence for departing flights at Heathrow and speak using the pattern ‘control passes to’.
- •5. Read text 3. Arriving flights at heathrow
- •6. Show the sequence for arriving flights at Heathrow and speak.
- •7. Find in the texts words with opposite meaning to the following ones.
- •8. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •Translate into English.
- •10. Here are 11 aviation terms and definitions to them. Try to match the terms with their definitions. Memorize them.
- •Word list
- •Key to Exercises Exercise 7
- •Exercise 10
- •1. Read the text. Standard instrument departures at heathrow
- •3. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •4. Find the words in the text to the following definitions.
- •Automatic Terminal Information Service (atis)
- •6. Find in exercises 1 and 4 examples of the verb in Passive Voice. Write the sentences out and translate them into your language.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Wоrd lisт
- •Read the text. Heathrow control tower
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text.
- •3. Decipher the following abbreviations.
- •4. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Here are 8 aviation terms and definitions to them. Try to match the terms with their definitions. Memorize them.
- •Wоrd lisт
- •Key to Exercise 6
- •1. Read the text. Microwave landing systems
- •2. Which of the statements are true and which are false. Correct the false ones.
- •3. Choose the most correct answer.
- •4. Give synonyms for the following.
- •5. Write the opposite of these words by adding these beginnings
- •6. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Wоrd lisт
- •Key to Exercises Exercise 4
- •1. Read the text. Fill in the blanks with one of the adjective forms given below. (Each adjective can be used more than once).
- •Control zones / control areas in the united kingdom
- •2. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •4. Match a line in a with a line in b to make new words.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Here are 5 aviation terms and definitions to them. Try to match the terms with their definitions. Memorize them.
- •Wоrd lisт
- •1. Read the text. Concorde - special arrangements
- •2. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •4. Translate the word and word combinations into your language and back into English. Memorize them.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Give words for the following.
- •Wоrd lisт
- •Key to Exercise 6
- •1. Read the text. Passenger information
- •2. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •4.Use the words and combinations from Exercise 3 in the sentences of your own.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Make this sound crossword. The words from the text should be given in transcription.
- •Key to Exercise 6
- •1. Read the text. Traffic alert and collision avoidance systems (tcas)
- •2. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •Tcas - это сложный метод
- •5. Match a question word in a with an answer in b.
- •6. Work out full questions to Exercise 5 and give full answers.
- •7. Put the words in the correct order to make questions. Answer the questions.
- •Wоrd lisт
- •1. Read the text. Automatic dependent surveillance (ads)
- •3. Desipher the following abbreviations.
- •4. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •Word list
Word list
adverse weather conditions [7XdvE:s7we9E kEn7diSnz] |
неблагоприятные погодные условия |
несприятливі погодні умови |
altitude [7Xltitju:d] |
высота (абсолютная) |
висота (абсолютна) |
arrange [E7reind3] |
сговариваться, договариваться |
домовитися |
attache case [E7tXSikeis] |
кожаный ручной плоский чемоданчик |
шкіряна ручна плоска валізка |
bank [bXNk] |
крен, кренить |
крен, кренити |
blow up [7blou6Vp] |
взорвать |
підірвати |
bundle [7bVndl] |
связка |
в’язка, низка |
button [7bVtn] |
кнопка |
кнопка |
to press the button |
нажать кнопку |
натиснути кнопку |
change [7tSeind3] |
менять, изменять |
мiняти |
Charles Wagner [7tSa:lz 7wO:gnE] |
Чарльз Уогнер |
Чарльз Уогнер |
Clarisse [klE7risE] |
Кларисс |
Кларiс |
complaint [kEm7pleint] |
недовольство,жалоба |
незадоволення, скарга |
co-pilot [kou7pailEt] |
второй пилот |
другий пілот |
course [kO:s] |
курс |
курс |
depart [di7pa:t] |
отправляться |
вiдправлятися |
divert [dai7vE:t] |
отклоняться, уходить от маршрута следования на запасной аэродром |
відхилятися від маршруту руху, летіти на запасний аеродром |
enter [7entE] |
входить |
входити |
entrance door [7entrEns7dO:] |
входная дверь (фюзеляжа) |
вхідні двері (фюзеляжу) |
flash [flXS] |
вспышка |
спалах |
Florida [7flOridE] |
шт.Флорида |
шт. Флоріда |
force [fO:s] |
сила, заставлять, принуждать |
сила, заставляти, примушувати |
get off [7get6Of] |
выходить |
виходити |
hard-lucky guy [7ha:d7lVki7gai] |
разг. невезучий парень |
розм. невезучий хлопець |
Hartford [7ha:tfEd] |
г. Хартфорд |
м. Хартфорд |
head toward [7hedtE7wO:d] |
направляться, держать курс |
прямувати, тримати курс |
heading [7hediN] |
курс |
курс |
hijack [7haid3Xk] |
угонять самолет |
викрасти літак |
hijacker [7hai6d3XkE] |
воздушный пират |
повітряний пірат |
hijacking [7haI6d3XkIN] |
угон самолета |
викрадeння літака |
identify [ai7dentifai] |
опознавать |
пізнавати |
inconvenience [6inkEn7vi:njEns] |
неудобство, беспокойство |
незручність, занепокоєння |
intercom panel [7intE(:)kOm 7pXnl] |
пульт внутренней связи |
пульт внутрішнього зв’язку |
Jacksonwille [7d3Xksnvil] |
г. Джексонвиль |
м. Джексонвіль |
john [d3On] |
разг. туалет |
розм. туалет |
Kennedy in New York |
международный аэропорт Кеннеди в Нью-Йорке |
міжнародний аеропорт Kеннедi в Нью-Йорку |
knot [nOt] |
узел (мера скорости =1,87 км в час) |
вузол, (міра швидкості =1,87 км на годину) |
lean [li:n] |
наклоняться |
нахилятися |
Littlejohn [7litld3On] |
Литлджон |
Литлджон |
load [loud] |
груз |
вантаж |
Mayday [7meIdeI] |
кодовий сигнал "терплю бедствие" (сообщение об аварийном состоянии в полёте) |
кодовий сигнал "терплю біду" (повідомлення про аварійний стан у польотi)
|
Miami [mai7Xmi] |
г. Майами |
м. Майамi |
mike [maik] |
разг. микрофон |
розм. мiкрофон |
Naples [7neiplz] |
г. Неаполь |
м. Неаполь |
New Orleans [nju: 7O:liEnz] |
г. Новый Орлеан |
м. Новий Орлеан |
observe [Eb7zE:v] |
наблюдать |
спостерігати |
offshore [7O:f7SO:] |
находящийся на расстоянии от берега |
той, що знаходиться на відстані від берегу |
overnight [7ouvE7nait] |
ночной |
нічний |
parachute [7pXrESu:t] |
парашют |
парашут |
in particular [pE7tikjulE] |
в частности |
зокрема |
push out |
вытолкнуть кого-то |
виштовхнути когось |
ransom [7rXnsEm] |
выкуп |
викуп |
read [ri:d] |
зд.: слышать |
тут: чути |
rear [riE] |
задний, расположенный сзади |
задній, розміщений позаду |
refuel [ri:7fjuEl] |
дозаправиться |
дозаправитися |
regardless [ri7ga:dlis] |
не взирая на …, не считаясь с… |
незважаючи на …, не рахуючись із … |
representative [6repri7zentEtiv] |
представитель |
представник |
share [SBE] |
доля, часть |
доля, частка, частина |
smoothly [7smu:9li] |
ровно, гладко |
рівно, гладко |
softly [7sOftli] |
мягко |
м’яко |
stand by [7stXnd 6bai] |
ждать, быть на приеме |
чекати, бути на прийомі |
stiff [stif] |
строгий, застывший |
суворий, застиглий |
Tennessee River Valley [6tenE7si: 7rivE 7vXli] |
долина р. Теннесси |
долина p. Теннеci |
tiny [taini] |
крошечный |
малесенький |
transportation [6trXnspO:7teiSEn] |
перевозка, транспортирование |
перевезення, транспортування |
tri-jet [7trai 7d3et] |
трехдвигательный реактивный самолет |
трьохдвигунний реактивний літак |
wind direction [7wind di7rekSn] |
направление ветра |
напрямок вітру |
U N I T 10
Learning points: Reading comprehension: Flying -Then and Now
Review points: Present Perfect Continuous Tense
1. You will now read an extract from a book called ‘Airport International’. It is about the beginning of air travel and its growth over the years. (The extract mentions Southend, which is a town on the south-east coast of England.) Read the text. Fill each gap with one of the following verb forms.
approaching seen grown operating
jammed built tops become
shares jumped
FLYING - THEN AND NOW
1) My first flight was from Paris to Portsmouth in 1959. The pilot arrived late, with the stewardess. He wore a leather coat, old trousers, and wellington boots. The stewardess had holes in her stockings and wore mirrored sunglasses. They both went into the cockpit without a word.
2) When we were (a) __________________ the English coast, the stewardess appeared in the cabin. She was still wearing the sunglasses, but her lipstick was smudged. ‘Southend? Anyone to Southend?’ she shouted. The boy in front of me put up his hand. The DC-3 suddenly landed. The boy was shown the door and he (b) __________________ down onto the grass field, and we took off again. The stewardess went back into the cockpit. I remember thinking at the time that flying wouldn't always be like this.
3) And I was right. In 30 years, international travel has completely changed, and the world has (c) __________________ a global village. Crossing the world is as easy as (sometimes easier than) getting from one side of the city to another. The world of air travel has developed into a huge industry.
4) The airports themselves are remarkable places: Paris's strange and space-like Charles de Gaulle, or Dallas (Fort Worth) with its Texan vastness. There are airports which are almost (d) __________________ with the number of arrivals and departures, like Chicago's O'Hare or Tokyo's Haneda, and there are deserted airports like Tanzania's Kilimanjaro, lying beneath the snows of the great mountain, waiting for the tourists who have never arrived.
5) But probably one of the greatest of them all is London's Heathrow, which (e) __________________ the list of both international flights and international passengers. In 1989, it handled 355,000 flights and over 38 million passengers with 57 million items of luggage. It has (f) __________________ into a city in its own right, employing 53,000 people full time. Like all the great airports, it dates back only to last days of the Second World War.
6) The first runway was (g) __________________ on the flat land near the village of Staines in 1944. It was the place of historic interest. One of the most important Anglo-Saxon temples is buried under Terminal Two, and the village of Heathrow is now under the main car park. The airport has ghosts. A Saxon prince has been (h) __________________ near the ponds, where he drowned, and an outlaw rides through the cargo sheds, with a three-cornered hat and a black horse. Heathrow has been (i) __________________ as an international airport since 1 January 1946, when a British South American Airways Lancastrian took off into the morning mists on a flight to Buenos Aires. In February 1952, the Queen arrived from Entebbe to set foot on British soil for the first time as monarch.
7) Since those early days, constant building has been necessary to deal with the growth of air traffic and the demands of air travellers. However, Heathrow (j) __________________ the same problems as all big airports - too many people, and too much crime. It is the centre-point of the great air routes between Europe and North America in one direction, and between Europe and the Gulf, Africa, and Asia in the other. It is alive with all the citizens of this strange world, rich and poor, honest and dishonest. It is the Airport International par exellence.