Fossil-fuel Power Plants

A fossil fuel power plant is an energy conversion center that combusts fossil fuels to produce electricity. In a fossil fuel power plant, the chemical energy stored in fossil fuels such as coal, fuel oil, or natural gas is convered successively into thermal energy, mechanical energy, and finally electrical energy which is distributed across a wide geographic area. Almost all large fossil fuel power plants are steam-electric power plants

Great masses of hot steam, having accomplished the mechanical work in the turbines of power plants, are condensed, i.e. are cooled down and turned back into distilled water, and returned to the boiler for production of steam to activate the turbine.

Condensation of steam takes place in condensers where the hot steam is cooled when it comes in contact with tubes through which cold water, supplied from a water reservoir (river or lake), is circulated. Having taken the heat from the steam the cooling water is returned to the water source carrying along with it waste heat. This water is called circulating water. The importance of the distilled water for feeding steam boilers is extremely great since chemically clean water decreases the formation of scale in the boiler tubes, and, thus, makes their service life longer.

Fossil-fuel plants of large generating capacity are built close to the sources of fuel, in order not to transport large quantities of fuel over considerable distances.

The electric power generated in such plants is transmitted over long distance through overhead power transmission lines or underground transmission lines to the substation near a populated area.

Heat and electric power plants, in addition to electric power generation, also supply heat to closely located consumers (within a radius of 50 km). All kinds of industrial enterprises that require heat for production purposes, and also municipal consumers such as baths, laundries and the heating systems of dwelling houses and other buildings belong to such heat consumers.

• Transcribe the following words, practice reading them, give Russian equivalents:

Fossil fuel, accomplish, turn, production, reservoir, circulate, source, extremely, chemical, decrease, service, region, purpose, thermal, enterprise

• Are the following sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences

1. Hot steam is released into the air, having accomplished the mechanical work in the turbine.

2. The service life of the boilers is longer due to the usage of the distilled water.

3. Fossil-fuel power plants can be located anywhere.

4. Fossil-fuel power plants are used to supply large populated areas with electric power.

5. The fuel for the plants is transported over long distances.

6. The electric energy is transmitted through transmission lines.

• Use the following paragraphs to answer the questions.

Paragraph 1

What energy transformations take place at a fossil-fuel power plant?

Paragraphs 2, 3

Where does the process of condensation take place?

Paragraph 3

What characteristics does circulating water possess?

Paragraph 4

Where are fossil-fuel built? Why?

Paragraph 5

How is electric power transmitted?