The Participles Причастия

Participle I	V + ing: reading, doing
Participle II	V3/Ved: translated, done

В английском языке различают причастие первое (Participle I) и причастие второе (Participle II).

Вы уже встречались с ними, изучая времена английского глагола, где Participle I и Participle II являлись частью сказуемого и входили в состав времен: Participle I – в состав времен группы Continuous, а Participle II – в состав времен группы Perfect и форм пассивного залога.

He is reading now. – Он читает сейчас (Participle I).

They will have finished the work by 5 p.m. – Они закончат работу к 5 вечера; In all societies relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. – Отношения регулируются предписывающими законами (Participle II).

Кроме того, Participle I и Participle II могут быть в предложении определением и обстоятельством. Тогда Participle I переводится на русский язык действительным причастием с помощью суффиксов –ащ, -ящ, -ущ, -ющ или деепричастием (словом, отвечающим на вопрос что делая? в зависимости от его функции в предложении): reading – читающий, читая; doing – делающий, делая.

Participle II переводится на русский язык страдательным причастием с помощью суффиксов –анн, -енн: read [red] – прочитанный, читаемый; done – сделанный, делаемый; asked – заданный, задаваемый.

Упр. 1. а) Разделите причастия на 2 группы: I и II:

Speaking, seen, standing, asked, destroyed, written, shut, living, falling, interested, given, singing, repeated, sent, chosen, broken, eaten.

b) Образуйте причастие I и II:

To work, to walk, to give, to send, to arrest, to write, to read, to offer, to form, to go, to bring, to do, to approach, to take, to break, to forget, to grow, to know, to change, to plan.

Упр. 2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle I:

1. The voting stations are open from 7 in the morning till 9 at night. 2. There are a few cases of a court refusing to grant a divorce at all because the couple in question was elderly and would never recover from the financial shock. 3. There is one practicing lawyer per 1200 people. 4. Entering the room, she turned on the light. 5. Coming to the court, she saw that the hearing had already begun. 6. Looking out of the window, he saw his friend coming to his office. 7. Hearing the verdict we stopped talking. 8. She went into the room, leaving the door open. 8. The judge is the presiding officer of the court. 9. There are also laws regulating transactions in the years before the legislation.

Упр. 3. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle II:

1. Alongside with professional judges there are unpaid judges. 2. When governments make laws for their citizens, they use a system of courts backed by the power of the police to enforce these laws. 3. A defendant found guilty by the magistrates may appeal against the finding or against the punishment to the local Crown Court. 4. There are many kinds of unwritten agreement between people. 5. Common Law consists of principles and rules of conduct based on the ancient customs of the country and recognized by the Courts as Law. 6. Law is unwritten. 7. The House of Lords can not reflect bills passed by the House of Commons. 8. The most important models were the codes produced in the seventh century under the direction of the Roman Emperor Justinian Statute law consists of all laws passed by parliament.

Упр. 4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle I и Participle II:

а) A word spoken in time may have very important results.

b) While speaking to Nick some days ago I forgot to ask him about his sister.

Упр. 5. Раскройте скобки, заменив инфинитив на правильную форму Participle I.

1. (to return) the verdict of the jury the judge delivered his judgement of

punishment.

2. (to concern) with assuring the uniformity of federal law, the function of

the Supreme Court is assuming larger and larger importance nowadays.

3. (to experience) a great increase in criminal activity of nearly every crime

Britain made the measures on preventing it tougher.

4. The defending counsel when he had his turn called new witnesses, (to include) the accused man himself.

5. Crime is one of the most (to disturb) elements of modern life in America.

6. (to settle) all controversies between states, the Court acts like the Inter-national Tribunal.

7. (to take into account) the mental condition of the offender the judge delayed the sitting till the medical examination.

8. (to control) by Central Government, the police are responsible for the maintenance of public order.

9. (to be) a well-known figure in public life, the American judge decided to be a candidate for Congress.

10. The main function of Parliament is to make laws (to regulate) the life of the country.

Упр. 6. Переведите на английский язык, употребив либо Participle I, либо Participle II.

Помогающий, приносящий, сломанный, растущие силы, известный писатель, работающие судьи, забытое дело, посылающий, данная задача, играющие дети, спящая девочка, принятый закон, обвиненный мальчик, написанное письмо, прочитанный документ, изученный материал, принятые меры, нарушенный закон.

Упр. 7. Переведите на русский язык, обращая на форму причастия.

1. Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, I intend to prove to you, that the defendant, Michael Perkins, cold-bloodedly decided to kill Penelope Hennessy for money, and that having made his decision, he set about planning exactly how to kill her. 2. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members. 3. But, having committed the perfect crime, he became careless and began to make mistakes. 4. He stopped payments for the Atlantic Monthly Press, saying that its financial state has been mispresented to him. 5. I heard the problem being solved.

Упр. 8. Переведите предложения с Participle II на русский язык.

1. According to the witness's testimony, you were present when the crime was committed.

2. The case will be heard in court next week.

3. Have you claimed the insurance yet?

4. A certain sum of money must be paid as punishment for breaking law or order. Peter Rowny was fined Ј500 for dangerous driving.

5. It is required (of me) that I give evidence.

6. The management have considered Mr Blaire's application carefully, but couldn't offer him the job.

7. He testified under oath that he had not been at the scene of the crime.

8. I think, the judgement will be given in favour of the accused.

9. Andrew Brown had a distinct impression that he was being followed.

10. The new law will have come into force by the future elections to Parliament.

Упр. 9. Подчеркните причастия и переведите следующие предложения:

1. The Court as a Chamber composed of seven judges delivered the following judgement.

2. Having deliberated in private for five days they delivered the following judgement.

3. The Tyrer case was referred to the Court by the European Commission for Human Rights.

4. The case originated in an application lodged with the Commission.

5. On 7 March 1972, being then aged 15, he pleaded guilty to unlawful assault.

6. The teacher had reported the four boys for taking beer into the school.

Переведите на русский язык:

assault occasioning bodily harm

bahaviour tending to a breach of the peace

a fine not exceeding thirty pounds

a term not exceeding six months

the number of strokes to be inflicted

reasons for interfering with the sentence

the idea embodied in the document

expanding exports

a growing number of politicians

guaranteed benefits

the developing world

the concept often used in practice

situations including this incident

codified legal provision

Упр. 10. Раскройте скобки, вставив соответствующее причастие:

1. The Client must reimburse the Hotel for any costs or expenses (to incur) by the Hotel.

2. The Client shall use the rented property only for the uses as specifically (to enumerate) in Article I.

3. The Client must advise or make other statements (to regard) the Event.

4. The Hotel reserves the right to increase any and all prices (to state) in the Contract.

5. Payment obligations (to include) the Deposit shall be discharged in the following bank account…

UNIT 4