Употребление и способы перевода инфинитива

Инфинитив употребляется в английском языке в целом ряде функций.

Инфинитив - подлежащее

To make mistakes is easy. It is easy to make mistakes.

Ошибки делать легко.

Инфинитив – дополнение

He asked us to help. We found it difficult to help him.

Он просил нас помочь. Нам было трудно помочь ему.

Инфинитив – часть сказуемого

The job of a judge is to decide questions of law. They must punish the offenders.

Работа судьи состоит в том, чтобы решать вопросы права (правосудия). Они должны наказать преступников.

Особое внимание нужно обратить на инфинитив-определение и инфинитив-обстоятельство.

Инфинитив в функции определения следует переводить придаточным определительным предложением, начиная его словом “который”.

При переводе предложения с инфинитивом в функции обстоятельства перед инфинитивом логично поставить слово “чтобы”.

Инфинитив-определение

Here is an example to be followed. The examples to be found in this paper are interesting. Can you give me some work to do.

Вот пример, которому нужно следовать. Примеры, которые содержатся (можно найти) в этой статье, интересны. Дайте мне какое-нибудь дело (работу), которую я мог бы выполнить.

Инфинитив-обстоятельство

He stopped for a minute to rest (in order to rest). We were too tired to discuss the matter. You are old enough to earn your own living.

Он остановился на минуту, чтобы отдохнуть. Мы слишком устали, чтобы обсуждать этот вопрос. Ты уже достаточно взрослый, чтобы самому зарабатывать на жизнь.

Упр. 7. Переведите, обращая внимание на различные функции инфинитива:

1. To qualify for jury service it is necessary to be a registered elector between the age of 18 and 65. 2. He wants to accept your offer. 4. The jury is ready to be helping the judge. 5. He is glad to be found ‘not guilty’. 6. The Emperor Justinian in Constantinople ordered to make a clear, systematic code of all the laws. . 7. The prosecutor is satisfied to have been working at this case with Mr.X. during the trial. 8. To protect the interests of the public and to punish and deter the criminal is the court’s duty. 9. This is the problem to be solved as soon as possible. 10. It is not the result of government attempts to codify every legal relation. 11. I need time to prepare. 12. There exist different methods to punish the offenders. 13. She was the last to speak at the meeting. 14. We were the first to ring him up and to tell the news. 15. I have something interesting to tell you. 16. There was nothing interesting in the court to attract our attention. 17. To clarify this matter one must work hard. 18. The “sources” of law are the sources to which the courts turn in order to determine what it is. 19. The function of the jury is to determine the facts, having heard the judge’s summing up and his directions on question of law.

Упр. 8. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные формы инфинитива.

1. The attorneys' decision to prosecute or not affects the wealth, freedom, rights, and reputation of individuals and organisations in the district.

2. The solicitor is satisfied to be helping in preparing the case of theft.

3. The offender was very happy to have had the pleasure of making the priest's acquaintance.

4. The attorney is satisfied to have been investigating this case with his assist­ ants during the trial.

5. The barrister was glad to have been asked to train law students.

6. Mr White is delighted to be found "not guilty".

UNIT 3