The Infinitive Инфинитив

Инфинитив – неличная форма глагола, обладающая признаками и глагола, и существительного.

Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица to (to go, to do, to help).

Частица to не ставится:

1. после модальных глаголов (can, may, must, need, could, might, should): She can swim well. They should do it.

2. после глаголов to make (в значении “заставлять” в активном залоге), to let (разрешать): She let them go.

3. после выражений had better (лучше бы): You’d better sing us. А также would rather (предпочел бы): I would rather do it later.

Упр. 1. Найдите инфинитив в предложении. Объясните случаи, где инфинитив употреблен без частицы to. Предложения переведите:

1. He wanted the Court to resolve a question of great constitutional importance. 2. They promised to inform us about their work. 3. His parents let him work on a fixed-term contract. 4. To commit a crime is bad. 5. Jane wants to commit suicide. 6. The chief clerk makes the workers work. 7. You had better think about it. 8. Let me know what’s happening. 9. They will go to the court to sue for a divorce. 10. You needn’t decide at once how to act. 11. Don’t make him issue a warrant. 12. His friend made him serve a witness with a summons.

Упр. 2. Раскройте скобки, употребив инфинитив с частицей to или без нее:

1 Let him (to help) you with your work 2. He would rather die than (to betray) his friends. 3. Have you ever heard him (to complain) of difficulties? 4. I want (learn) Law. 5. She seems (to know) a great deal about criminology. 6. Have you enough (to pay) the bills?

Свойства инфинитива

1. Инфинитив имеет формы залога (т. е. может быть активным и пассивным).

2. Инфинитив имеет формы относительного времени (т. е. выражают одновременность по отношению к другому действию (Indefinite Infinitive, Continuous Infinitive) или предшествование по отношению к другому действию (Perfect Infinitive).

Перевод инфинитива на русский язык зависит от его формы.

The Infinitive

	Active	Passive
Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous	to write to be writing to have written to have been writing	to be written - to have been written -

Упр. 3. а) пользуясь таблицей, дайте остальные формы следующих инфинитивов:

to ask, to do, to help, to make, to translate, to pass, to take, to answer;

b) определите форму данных инфинитивов:

to trouble (беспокоить), to have troubled, to be working, to have been told, to be invited, to have been working, to be done, to be doing, to have invited, to have lost, to stay, to be answered, to have made, to have been made, to have been reading, to have phoned, to have been asked, to have met, to be met, to have been helped, to be helping, to be helped, to have sent, to have been questioned.

Упр. 4. Укажите форму инфинитива. Сравните значения различных форм:

1. I like to ask questions. Я люблю задавать вопросы. 2. I like to be asked many questions. Я люблю, когда мне задают много вопросов. 3. They happened, at the moment, to be asking something about the case. В этот момент они как раз что-то спрашивали о деле. 4. I remember to have asked this question. Я помню, что задавал этот вопрос. 5. I remember to have been asked this question. Я помню, что мне задавали этот вопрос. 6. For about twenty minutes they seemed to have been asking one and the same question formulating it in different ways. Минут двадцать они, казалось, задавали один и тот же вопрос, по-разному формулируя его.

Упр. 5. Переведите:

1. After ten years a barrister may ask to be made a Queen’s Counsel, or Q.C . 2. Laws are not made to be broken. 3. To visit her was all that I wanted. 4. He is proud to have been offered this post. 5. My greatest wish was to tell her everything. 6. For a moment she seemed to be hesitating. 7. He demanded to know the truth. 8. All I want to do is to help you. 9. He seemed to have received all he wanted. 10. Alice arrived in time to hear Tom’s remark. 11. I am sorry not to have seen her. 12. They demanded to be shown the authentic documents.

Упр. 6. a) вставьте подходящую по смыслу форму инфинитива: Passive или Active:

1. The members of the jury want … The witnesses want … (to understand, to be understood). 2. We expected the hearing … next month. He expected … the attention of the audience (to hold, to be held). 3. Some changes had … He wanted … some changes in the speech (to make, to be made). 4. There were a lot of things … He was nowhere … (to see, to be seen).

b) Вставьте подходящую по смыслу форму инфинитива Indefinite или Perfect:

1. It’s good … work for the day (to finish, to have finished). 2. She admits … the same mistake in her previous paper (to make, to have made). 3. He was sorry not … the idea earlier (to give up, to have given up). 4. She confessed … the man before (to see, to have seen). 5. The negotiations seem … to an end (to come, to have come). 6. The relations between the two countries seem … the lowest point (to reach, to have reached).