Active Vocabulary

chassis - шасси	twisting moment - крутящий момент
engine - двигатель	frequency of revolutions - Частота оборотов
body - корпус	transmission - трансмиссия
coupling- сцепление	box of transfers – коробка передач
cranked transfers - карданная передача	power shafts приводные валы
differential - дифференциал	main transfers - главная передача
conducting to bridges - ведущий мост	spring - рессора
floor axis - полуоси	the shock-absorber - амортизатор
frame - рама	wheels - колёса
trunks - шины

TEXT 20

The body structure of the new cars

Passenger cars, trucks, motor coaches (buses) and special vehicles have different bodies. For trucks, open or plank bed bodies are used. The bodies are either firmly attached to the chassis or used as dump trucks (tip-up Lorries).

Passenger cars have either closed or soft convertible top. The Soviet Chaika car with touring body is a luxury six-seat car having a soft convertible top.

Folding and rising of the roof cloth are performed by a hydraulic gear actuated from the driver’s seat. A modern car must have a streamline look, creating the effect of a low and spacious limousine and, at the same time, be compact. The flat roof and large glassed area of the cabin give the effect of light, weight and grace. The passenger compartment must offer comfort. Specious seats are to be easily converted into berths. The upholstery should be practical and attractive, the dashboard – elegant, the steering wheel small. The saloon must have a heater, a radio set and other conveniences.

New Volga is a medium sedan, which has a four-door body and dismountable front and rear fenders.

Aware of the modern trend, auto designers have a professional joke that a car’s inside dimensions must, ideally, be larger than those outside. The overall length and height of the Volga were cut by 75mm and 130mm, respectively, while the inside dimensions were somewhat enlarged by setting off the rear axle 100mm back to give more distance between the dash-board and the front seat and the front and rear seats.

Active Vocabulary

a dump car (a tip-up lorry) – самосвал	a streamlined look – обтекаемая форма
truck – грузовой автомобиль	motor coaches – автобусы
special service vehicles – автомобили специальных служб	engine – двигатель (мотор)
dash-board – панель приборов	plank bed bodies – дощатые кузова

TEXT 21

Toyota carina - e

This machine - true example, how the sports achievement serve advertising of serial models, and the technological level last, in turn, is raised with the engineering decisions which have been checked up on competitions. It is a lot of models with such track record not so - these automobiles more than once won various competitions. Submitted here serial Toyota Carina E is a part, which connects unique copies of sports machines and commercial production of firm.

In the world there will be no also ten models with such characteristics: the 16-valves the motor with pressurization and constant drive on all wheels. The pressurization for the first time applied on the engine serial Toyota Carina E, has allowed to increase capacity up to 100 horse forces by 1 liter of volume. In system of pressurization there are unique features: the computer operates oven-door of the compressor, therefore pressurization became more effective in a wide range of revolutions (maximal capacity is constant with 4500 up to 6500 revolutions one minute).

Air forced in cylinders, is strongly heated up from compression in the compressor (from 22 to 132 degrees). To improve the filling at cylinders, air is cooled in a radiator by water up to 60 degrees. The sizes of a radiator are picked up so that to support this temperature on all power setting. If it is required to cool air even more strongly (up to 45 degrees), in a radiator the second circle of the greater section is stipulated, where water goes more slowly. The radiator is supplied with two fans.

Box of transfers used from Toyota Corolla, having reduced it. The switching of transfers is operated by the special mechanism. The drive to conducting wheels is carried out through a box of distribution of efforts between wheels.

The forward suspension bracket has not undergone strong changes, in comparison with base model. The strengthening is caused by increase of weight of the motor. But the back suspension bracket is equipped with an electronic means of the control of a roll. The computer can change rigidity of a suspension bracket depending on loading to a wheel. On model the trunks of the stamp ZR - they can establish speed more than 240 km/ hours. The steering mechanism is used with the amplifier; steering wheel is adjusted on height.

The firm establishes on model leather interior, conditioner, hatch, music and other trivialities.