- •Предисловие
- •Contents
- •The internal combustion engine
- •Active Vocabulary to Text a
- •Exercises
- •The basic systems of the internal combustion engine
- •I cooling system
- •Active Vocabulary to Text b, I
- •II lubricating system
- •Active Vocabulary to Text b, II
- •Exercises
- •At a service station
- •Engine servicing
- •Active Vocabulary to Text c
- •Exercises
- •At the Service Station
- •Four stroke cycle of the diesel engine
- •The functions of the fuel
- •Electrical systems
- •Checking technical state of a car
- •Test questions
- •Lesson 2 tractors
- •Modern tractors
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •Constructional features of modern tractors
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •Diagnostic procedures
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Tractor t-40 am
- •Tracklaying tractors
- •Faults and remedies1 of the electrical equipment and relay-regulators
- •Faults and remedies of the starter, gearbox, rear axle and hydraulic system
- •Test questions
- •Lesson 3 cultivation machinery
- •Text a cultivation machinery
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •Modern plows
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •Service and maintenance of cultivation machinery
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Disk plows
- •Walking tractor
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •The combine you can rely on
- •Total quality standards
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •I think; As for me; In my opinion; As far as I understand.
- •Main faults of combine-harvesters
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Datavision tv monitor
- •Combines
- •Test questions
- •Additional texts for test translation
- •The horseless carriage
- •Daf diesel
- •Quality standards
- •Finding a fault in a car
- •Instructions for checking the spark plug
- •Some pieces of advice to an auto fan
- •Cultivator bertolini 315
- •Combines for the 21st century
- •Texts for independent work
- •The technology of maintenance
- •Of the machines in the agricultural-industrial complex
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Text 2 the central injection unit removal and installation
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Car of future
- •Transmission
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Text 5 reassembly
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Fuel pump
- •Fuel system
- •Removal and installation of the engine
- •Steering system
- •Air cleaner
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Quadram power engines
- •The electric system
- •Active Vocabulary
- •The lubrication system
- •Why we call it a «diesel» engine
- •Gearing friction gearing
- •Toothed bevel gearing
- •Removable excavating and loading implements
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Tomorrow's farm machinery
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Basic parts of the automobile
- •Active Vocabulary
- •The body structure of the new cars
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Toyota carina - e
- •Characteristics of the automobile Toyota Carina e
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Safety checks
- •Trunk Lid. Move the ornament upward to insert the key.
- •Detachable front seat belt. (Hardtop models). The shoulder belt can be detached from the front seat belt.
- •Important:
- •Warning/indicator/ monitoring light and chime
Text 2 the central injection unit removal and installation
Establish the lever of transfer switching in a neutral position and brake the automobile by a lay brake.
As after a stop of the engine the pressure of fuel in the power supply system is kept, first of all it is necessary to reduce pressure. For this purpose disconnect shoe of wires twist of injection system from shoes of electric pump wires. Start the engine and leave it to work for three seconds for reduction of pressure in a fuel conductor. Connect back wires of electric pump to twist of wires of injection system.
Disconnect a wire from the plug «minus» of the storage battery.
Remove the air filter and disconnect a cable of a throttle lid drive from the central injection unit.
Disconnect fuel conductor from the central injection unit and close the ends of the pipes fuel conductors with fuses for inadmissible flow of fuel.
Disconnect electrical wires from the gauge of a throttle lid, injectors and regulator.
Remove branch pipes of vacuum hoses of the central injection unit going to absorber and the gauge of absolute pressure, and also to the hose of system of crankcase ventilation of the engine. Pay attention to correctness of their connection at the subsequent assembly.
Unscrew fastening tacks; also remove the central injection unit from an inlet pipe. Close an entrance aperture of the inlet pipe with muffle.
Installation of the central injection unit is carried out in the return order. Thus pay attention to a condition of linings.
Check up pressure of fuel submission after installation.
Active Vocabulary
establish-установить |
central injection-центральный впрыск |
disconnect-отсоединять |
ring-кольцо |
pressure-давление |
fuel-топливо |
pipelines-трубопроводы |
storage battery-аккумуляторная батарея |
regulator-регулятор |
electric pump-электронасос |
plug-клемма |
submission-подача |
cable-трос |
hoses-шланги |
wires-провода |
|
TEXT 3
Car of future
Ever since Nicolas Cugnot, a Frenchman, invented the first self-propelled road vehicle in 1770 there has been no shortage of companies willing to make a better automobile. Over years their efforts have given users the gasoline engine, the electric starter, tubeless, tires, fuel-injected engines and anti-lock brakes, these are only a few innovations. What is next? Here are some examples of what the car designers are working at in the world today.
Engineers are experimenting with a state-of-art, system that enables drivers to see well after dark. This “night vision”, system uses infrared sensors that can detect a human figure at night more than 1,600 feet away. That’s five times the distance at which conventional headlights are effective. The sensors pick up infrared rays emitted by any object that gives off heat. An image-processing system scans the information from the sensors, creating different images for different objects. The images are then displayed on a cathode ray screen built-in a car’s instrument panel. It is like black-and-white photograph of an object ahead. And the system is passive, which means no lights are needed to illuminate the object in front of the vehicle. But the biggest problem will be reducing costs and the other one is the size of the sensor mechanism, which is too big now.
One of the latest applications of sophisticated electronics is the wheel-computerized system that not only monitors air pressure in automobile tires but also adjusts it automatically. This system in addition enables a driver to set tire pressure while seated. The system developed consists of three separate modules. The first is the instrument panel display, which houses the system’s main microprocessor, programming buttons and warning signals. The second component is the detector drive module, which is essentially four microchips attached, in one unit, to the chassis. Each chip detects pressure changes that may occur. The transistors within the module signal the third component – a programmable transducer.
TEXT 4