Air cleaner

Air is one of the three factors necessary to produce combustion.

Air consists of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases. It is the oxygen in the air that is necessary for combustion.

During combustion the nitrogen and other gases pass through combines with two atoms of oxygen forming carbon dioxide (CO₂), which passes through the exhaust system as a gas.

With a rich gasoline mixture, carbon monoxide (CO), a poisonous gas consisting of one atom of carbon and one atom of oxygen, is formed because insufficient oxygen is available to form carbon dioxide. Two atoms of hydrogen from the gasoline with one atom of oxygen form water (H₂O). Approximately 11/3 gallons of water are produced for each gallon of gasoline burned.

Each pound of gasoline must be mixed with approximately 15 pounds of air or putting it another way, an engine at sea level operating at 70^o F. requires approximately 1250 cubic feet of air for each gallon of gasoline used.

Air, even during normal operation conditions, contains dust and abrasives that contaminate the lubricating oil, which is continuously circulated. These foreign substances damage there closely fitted parts; therefore, filtering devices have been installed to reduce the amount off foreign material entering the engine. One of them is the air cleaner.

A dry type air cleaner consisting of an air cleaner body, a filter element, and an air cleaner cover is mounted above the carburetor.

The filtering action of the air cleaner is accomplished by means of a dry filter element consisting of a band accordion pleated filter paper encased in a wire mesh screen. The air enters the air cleaner through the opening on the side, passes through a silencing clamber, then trough the filter. The cleaned air is deflected down to the carburetor. The dust particles air is trapped in the filter element as the air rushes trough it.

Active Vocabulary

cleaner - фильтр	essential factor – важнейший фактор
combustion - горение	as previously mentioned – как ранее упомянутый
exhaust system – выхлопная система	poisonous gas – ядовитый газ
insufficient - недостаточный	approximately - приблизительно
operating conditions – рабочие условия	contaminate - загрязнять
lubricating oil – смазочное масло	continuously - непрерывно
is accomplished by means – выполняться с помощью чего-либо	to reduce the amount – для сокращения количества (чего-либо)
the dust particles – частицы грязи

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Quadram power engines

The turbocharged 6 cylinder, 6 liter engines provide more power and more torque, plus greater torque back-up to provide sheer lugging power in difficult conditions.

The advanced standard of design of the Quadram Power engines produces this additional power and torque more economically, with considerable reductions in fuel consumption, noise and emissions.

At the heart of the engine is the unique four-lobed combustion bowl in the head of the Quadram piston. It optimizes air and fuel mixing to give more effective and efficient combustion than a conventional direct injection system.

The result is more power and torque from less fuel, resulting in greater productivity.

Piston, ring and liner innovations provide high performance with low oil consumption and easier cold starting.

Other important operational features include key-controlled engine start and stop.

At the top of the 3600 range, Massey Ferguson’s leading 3670 and 3690 tractors are powered by 6,6 liter and 7,4 liter turbocharged diesels.

Combining reliability and economy with a huge appetite for hard work, these engines provide the extra torque at low engine speeds required to maintain high work rates under all field conditions.

Purpose designed for turbo charging, these engines have over-sized bearings for long hours of trouble-free operation and high capacity oil pumps for efficient lubrication.

Throughout the 3600 Series, a power saving viscostatic cooling fan, which automatically adjusts its speed according to the engine’s cooling needs, leaves more engine power to convert into usable work, aiding fuel consumption and reducing noise.

That means Massey Ferguson’s published horsepower is always the power available for work, setting the standard in high horsepower tractors.

Less fatigue means more work achieved in a given time and ability to work long hours when required.

And operating a tractor in a comfortable cab, with controls that come easily to hand, makes work a pleasure, boosting productivity.

That’s why Massey Ferguson cabs are designed as an integral part of the tractor, to provide the highest standard for operators.

High standard accessibility with easy steps and wide opening doors, courtesy light and a floor clear of pedals and levers.

High standard comfort with fully adjustable, pneumatic seat with lumbar support, air filtration and an efficient heating and ventilation system complete with air conditioning, tinted glass all round, and extra quietness (below 75 dB (A)) under load.

High standard ergonomics with telescopic and tilt steering column, controls that easy to hand.

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HOW A TWO-CYCLE DIESEL WORKS

You have learned how a four-cycle diesel works. You remember that it needs four full strokes of the piston to go through one cycle intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Since there are two strokes for each complete rotation or revolution of the crankshaft, it takes two revolutions to complete a cycle. Thus there is only one power stroke for every two revolutions.

The idea of a two-cycle engine is to complete the cycle in only two strokes of the piston, that is, in only one revolution of the crankshaft. Thus a two-cycle engine running at the same speed («revolutions per minute») as a four-cycle engine will have twice as many power strokes. So here's another way of getting more power out of the same size cylinders, or of getting an engine weighing less for the same power.

Function of Air Pump. The two strokes we must have in any diesel engine are the compression and power strokes. The other two strokes are really wasted strokes, which we would like to get rid of. They are the intake and exhaust strokes. During these two strokes, the piston of the four-cycle engine is really acting as an air pump. The way we get rid of the pumping strokes in the two-cycle engine is by using a separate air pump, which takes in atmospheric air, compresses it slightly and feeds it to the engine cylinder. This separate air pump on a two-cycle engine is sometimes a rotary blower, and might be mistaken for a supercharger on a four-cycle engine, which you learned about in the previous article. However, there's an important difference: a supercharger for a four-cycle engine is just an accessory added to give the engine more power, whereas an air pump must be used on a two-cycle engine - otherwise it won't get any air and therefore won't run at all. Air pumps for two-cycle engines are made in many forms, but we won't go into details now. The important point to remember is that a blower on a two-cycle engine is simply an air pump.

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