- •Предисловие
- •Contents
- •The internal combustion engine
- •Active Vocabulary to Text a
- •Exercises
- •The basic systems of the internal combustion engine
- •I cooling system
- •Active Vocabulary to Text b, I
- •II lubricating system
- •Active Vocabulary to Text b, II
- •Exercises
- •At a service station
- •Engine servicing
- •Active Vocabulary to Text c
- •Exercises
- •At the Service Station
- •Four stroke cycle of the diesel engine
- •The functions of the fuel
- •Electrical systems
- •Checking technical state of a car
- •Test questions
- •Lesson 2 tractors
- •Modern tractors
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •Constructional features of modern tractors
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •Diagnostic procedures
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Tractor t-40 am
- •Tracklaying tractors
- •Faults and remedies1 of the electrical equipment and relay-regulators
- •Faults and remedies of the starter, gearbox, rear axle and hydraulic system
- •Test questions
- •Lesson 3 cultivation machinery
- •Text a cultivation machinery
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •Modern plows
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •Service and maintenance of cultivation machinery
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Disk plows
- •Walking tractor
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •The combine you can rely on
- •Total quality standards
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •I think; As for me; In my opinion; As far as I understand.
- •Main faults of combine-harvesters
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Datavision tv monitor
- •Combines
- •Test questions
- •Additional texts for test translation
- •The horseless carriage
- •Daf diesel
- •Quality standards
- •Finding a fault in a car
- •Instructions for checking the spark plug
- •Some pieces of advice to an auto fan
- •Cultivator bertolini 315
- •Combines for the 21st century
- •Texts for independent work
- •The technology of maintenance
- •Of the machines in the agricultural-industrial complex
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Text 2 the central injection unit removal and installation
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Car of future
- •Transmission
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Text 5 reassembly
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Fuel pump
- •Fuel system
- •Removal and installation of the engine
- •Steering system
- •Air cleaner
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Quadram power engines
- •The electric system
- •Active Vocabulary
- •The lubrication system
- •Why we call it a «diesel» engine
- •Gearing friction gearing
- •Toothed bevel gearing
- •Removable excavating and loading implements
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Tomorrow's farm machinery
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Basic parts of the automobile
- •Active Vocabulary
- •The body structure of the new cars
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Toyota carina - e
- •Characteristics of the automobile Toyota Carina e
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Safety checks
- •Trunk Lid. Move the ornament upward to insert the key.
- •Detachable front seat belt. (Hardtop models). The shoulder belt can be detached from the front seat belt.
- •Important:
- •Warning/indicator/ monitoring light and chime
Additional texts for test translation
TEXT 1
The horseless carriage
Karl Benz, (1844-1929) was a German inventor of the automobile, who devoted his life to making a horseless carriage.
When Benz's three-wheeled engine-driven machine (the first «car») appeared on the streets in 1885, people stood aghast1. A German newspaper wrote: «There is no doubt that this engine-velocipede should prove itself quite practical and useful to doctors, travelers and lovers of sport». It was the beginning of the end for horse traction, and to Benz, it was a particular triumph, because he had made his machine almost by himself. There had been horseless carriages before, which were driven by steam engines but Benz built an engine that was both lighter and more powerful than any other. He put it on to a chassis and got power from the engine to the wheels. Benz's first car was a great achievement for one man; everything - engine, fuel, transmission, controls - had been developed and designed by him. The wheels were driven by means of a chain, and there were two speeds.
His early days were difficult because of the speed limits the police imposed on him: twelve kilometers an hour in the country and six in the city. Benz saw that he would never been able to develop his cars if this rule was not altered2, and he thought of a scheme to abolish3 it. He wrote to the Minister of Baden4 asking him if he would like a ride in his car. The Minister accepted the invitation. Then Benz arranged with a local milkman that he should wait with his horse and van in a certain road. When Benz, with the Minster in his car, passed them, at six kilometers an hour, the milkman, as had been agreed, started off, passed the car at a good speed, and laughed at them. The plan worked perfectly: the Minister was so angry at being passed by a milkman that he ordered Benz to go faster. But Benz referred to5 the speed limit. «Never mind», said the Minister. Thus Benz won the day.
NOTES
1stood aghast - были в ужасе, ошеломлены
2were not altered - не будут изменены
3abolish - отменять
4Baden - г. Баден
5 to reffer to – ссылаться на что-либо
TEXT 2
Daf diesel
DAF DIESEL is an engine factory in the Netherlands. It was opened in 1957 and now its annual1 production capacity is 30,000 engines.
DAF DIESEL engines are extremely economical and reliable power units used to generate energy or to drive heavyweight vehicles. They are very popular in the world. Their power range is between 45 and 264 kW. The economy and efficiency of these engines are due to2 the perfect control of direct-injection techniques and heat balance, the favorable power/weight ratio and the wide low-speed maximum torque range.
All DAF diesels are 6-cylinder in-line engines. This traditional design guarantees a high degree of efficiency and a long life. The 6-cylinder in-line engine is compact and relatively light, and simple in setting. Its sound3 construction makes this engine stable, resulting in quite smooth operation. Research4 and practical experience have led to a well thought-out5 choice of materials.
The crankshaft, a single steel forging6, is supported in seven bearings. DAF diesel produces engines with dry cylinder liners7 and piston cooling, which makes a very strong cylinder block possible and provides very favorable terminal efficiency.
NOTES
1annual - ежегодный
2due to - благодаря
3sound - надежный
4research - исследование
5thought-out - продуманный
6forging - штамповка, ковка
7cylinder liners - прокладки в цилиндре
TEXT 3