XV. Read and translate the text:

The language of introduction depends on the situation. In official situations you should use the following expressions: “Let me introduce Mr Brown to you” or “May I introduce Mr Brown?” The usual response to the introduction is “How do you do?” which is in fact a sort of greeting. And in reply the other person says: “How do you do?”

However when introducing friends or people of the same age you just say: “This is Kate” or “Meet Kate.”

If you have some knowledge of the person you are being introduced to, you may add: "Hello, Kate. I’ve heard a lot about you". If you have already met Kate at some time, you may say: "How are you, Kate?" In reply Kate may say: "Fine, thanks. And how are you?"

Although the rules of introduction have become less rigid in recent years, certain forms must be followed: a younger person is introduced to an older one, a man is introduced to a woman, unless he is much older and more senior.

XVI. Find the English equivalents to the following word-combinations in the text:

• представлення/ представляти;

• залежати від;

• наступний;

• вираз;

• відповідь;

• привітання;

• у відповідь;

• однак;

• хоча;

• правила;

• жорсткий, суворий;

• останні роки;

• певний;

• старший за становищем.

XVII. What can you say in the following situations?

1. You greet your friend Nick. It’s 8 o’clock in the morning. Nick answers your greeting.

2. You meet a lecturer, Doctor White. It’s three o’clock in the afternoon. Doctor White answers your greeting.

3. You greet a businessman Mr Brown, whom you have never met before. It’s six o’clock in the afternoon. Mr Brown answers your greeting.

4. A man, Mr Brown, introduces himself to you. You answer the introduction.

5. Introduce your boy-friend to your parents.

6. Introduce your friends to each other.

XVIII. Practice introducing yourself

• at a reception desk in a company

• to another person at the conference

• to an overseas visitor you are meeting at the airport.

• to a girl you have never met before.

These phrases will help you:

Good morning. My name is … I have an appointment to see…

I don’t think we’ve met. I’m…

Excuse me. Are you Mrs Black? I’m…

XIX. Which of these topics do people often talk about when they meet for the first time? Think of a few questions for each topic.

• the visitor’s journey

• the weather

• the town/place they are in

• the town/country they are from

• their salaries

• politics

• religion

• work/jobs in general

• their interests

• news

XX. Speak about the rules of introduction and addressing people. Grammar exercises The Noun: Singular and Plural

Ex. 1. Pick out countable nouns from the list below and write them in plural:

porridge, daughter, salt, sugar, air, English, love, butter, milk, tea, cake, bacon, advice, fun, information, tea-pot, egg, furniture, bread, pepper, bird, dollar, chalk, tennis, peace, education, hryvnia, traffic, freedom, progress, gold, music, sand, part, water, orange, oil, baggage, friendship, girl, weather, news.

Ex. 2. Give the plural of the nouns:

a)

a pen, a class, a road, a story, a day, a cat, a bush, a desk, a table, a fox, а plate, a room, a wish, a lady, a knife, a chair, a bus, a bath, a match, a way, a house, a family, a flag, a loaf, a town, a banana, a wolf, a country, a calf, a park, a play, a baby, a peach, a waiter, a roof, a ship, a brush, a disco, a star, a mountain, a tree, a king, a photo, a man, a woman, an eye, an ox, a shelf, a box, a radio, a belief, a city, a boy, a goose, a watch, a mouse, a dress, a kangaroo, a louse, a leaf, a dress, a toy, a tooth, a child, a life, a tomato, a safe, a thief, a proof, a scarf, a quiz, a bench, an epoch, a shampoo, a zoo, a piano, a monarch, a kilo, a hero, a month.

b)

a deer, a taxi-driver, jeans, a phenomenon, a son-in-law, a percent, a woman-doctor, a forget-me-not, a grown-up, a sheep, a school-mate, a formula, a passer-by, a crisis, a medium, advice, a thesis, an aircraft, progress, money, a sister-in-law, a lady-bug, hair, police, cattle, a grouse, a swine, a curriculum, a salmon, a spacecraft, a father-in-law, an analysis, a basis, a merry-go-round, a tooth-brush, a corps, knowledge, information, a housewife.

Ex. 3. Complete the following sentences with the plural form of the nouns in brackets:

1. Please cut this apple in two (half).

2. The (thief) broke into the shop without attracting the attention of (passer-by).

3. Many (nurse) in hospitals are (woman) but some are (man).

4. Alex fell off his bicycle and broke three (tooth).

5. We have two (child), a boy and a girl.

6. Cats sometimes hunt and kill (mouse).

7. These shoes are too small: my (foot) hurt.

8. The Romans often used (goose) to guard their houses.

9. Many kinds of (sheep) are raised for their wool.

10. I bought three (grouse) for dinner.

11. We caught five (salmon).

12. She bought five (dozen) eggs.

13. Many people were injured when two (aircraft) crashed in the thick fog.

Ex. 4. Choose the correct noun:

1. Her hair/hairs is dark.

2. There are a lot of vegetable/ vegetables on the table.

3. We eat a lot of fruit/fruits.

4. He has three watch/watches.

5. I have a lot of homework/homeworks to do tonight.

6. There were not many people/peoples at the lecture yesterday.

7. The children caught two fish/fishes.

8. Can you give me some advice/advices?

9. The furniture/furnitures in the room is of good quality.

10. He spent his winter vacation/vacations in Great Britain.

Ex. 5. Fill in: is or are:

1. Your jeans … hanging in the wardrobe.

2. Where … my scissors?

3. This information … incorrect!

4. Her hair … beautiful.

5. Her furniture … very expensive.

6. Where … my glasses?

7. English … difficult to learn.

8. Billiards … a popular game.

9. There … a lot of sheep in that field.

10. The news … on at 6 o’clock.

11. Accommodation in the city centre … expensive.

12. Spaghetti with Italian tomato sauce … very good.

Ex. 6. Choose the correct form of the verb:

1. Gymnastics is/are my favourite sport.

2. Your hair is/are too long.

3. Politics is/are an interesting subject to study.

4. Darts is/are a game.

5. Their wages is/are too low.

6. Your trousers is/are too long.

7. Mathematics is/are my favourite subject.

8. His clothes is/are old.

9. The news is/are interesting.

10. My glasses is/are dirty.

11. The scissors is/are sharp.

12. The police have/has not caught the thief.

13. The news wasn’t/weren’t as bad as we expected.

14. The advice she gave me was/were very helpful.

15. Economics is/are difficult for people with poor maths skills.

Ex. 7. Translate into English:

1. Економіка – суспільна наука.

2. Ваші поради дуже корисні.

3. Де гроші? – Вони на столі, візьміть їх.

4. Він виловив багато риби.

5. Моя сестра дуже любить фрукти.

6. Фрукти влітку дешеві.

7. Ці новини дуже важливі для нас.

8. Його заробітна платня дуже висока.

9. Наш кіт любить ловити мишей.

10. Її волосся – світле.