Section a

Vocabulary list

		parliamentary democracy — парламентская демократия. Система управления, при которой правительство формируется партией, получившей большинство в Парламенте
		constitutional monarchy — конституционная монархия. Монархия, права которой ограничены конституцией
		overseas territory — заморская территория
		overseas market — внешний рынок
		to be at its height — быть в расцвете
		to encompass a quarter of the world’s land surface — занимать одну четвертую территории поверхности Земли
		world’s foremost power — мировая держава
		decline of the empire — закат империи
		to decline by degrees — значительно снижаться
		to hold a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council — быть постоянным членом Совета Безопасности ООН
		The Great 8 — Большая восьмерка
		The European Union (EU) — Европейский Союз (ЕС)
		The Commonwealth of Nations — Британское Содружество Наций. Межгосударственное объединение Великобритании и большинства бывших английских доминионов, колоний и зависимых территорий
		to focus on the principles of liberalization — сосредоточиться на принципах либерализации
		surplus labour — избыток рабочей силы
		GDP (gross domestic product) — валовый внутренний продукт
		multinational company — многонациональная компания
		UK-based company — компания, зарегистрированная в Великобритании
		to be ranked as the sixth tourist destination — занимать шестое место среди туристических маршрутов
		to account for — зд. приходиться на
		to exercise government involvement — осуществлять государственное вмешательство
		Chancellor of the Exchequer — Министр Финансов (the UK)
		HM (Her Majesty’s) Treasury — Министерство Финансов ее Величества

■ Ex 1. Choose a suitable title for the passage from the list below. Support your point of view.

1. The roles of the government and Parliament in the UK’s Industrial Revolution.

2. The UK’s industrial and economic development.

3. The Parliament — the ultimate legislative authority in the UK.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (also known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state to the north-west of mainland Europe. It comprises the island of Great Britain, the north-east part of the island of Ireland and many small local islands off the British coast.

The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy comprising four constituent countries — England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales — with the Monarch as head of state, who can only reign with the support of the Parliament. The UK has fourteen overseas territories, all remnants of the British Empire, which at its height encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface. The UK uses a parliamentary government based on strong democratic traditions.

Britain was the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th century, but the economic cost of two world wars and the decline of its empire in the latter half of the 20th century diminished its leading role and status in global affairs. The UK nevertheless retains major economic, cultural, military and political influence today and is a nuclear power, with the second highest defense spending in the world. It holds a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, and is a member of the G8, NATO, the European Union and the Commonwealth of Nations.

London is a major centre for international business and commerce and is the leader of the three "command centres" for the global economy (along with New York City and Tokyo). For over twenty-five years, the British economy has corresponded with what has been described since the 1980s as the Anglo-Saxon model, focusing on the principles of liberalisation, the free market, and low taxation and regulation. The United Kingdom is the fifth largest economy in the world, and the second largest in Europe after Germany.

The British started the Industrial Revolution, and, like most industrialising countries at the time, initially concentrated on heavy industries such as shipbuilding, coal mining, steel production, and textiles. The empire created an overseas market for British products, allowing the United Kingdom to dominate international trade in the 19th century. However, as other nations industrialised and surplus labour from agriculture began to dry up coupled with economic decline after two world wars, the United Kingdom began to lose its economic advantage. As a result, heavy industry declined by degrees, throughout the 20th century. The British service sector, however, has grown substantially, and now makes up about 73% of GDP.

The service sector of the United Kingdom is dominated by financial services, especially in banking and insurance.

Many multinational companies that are not primarily UK-based have chosen to site their European or rest-of-world headquarters in London: an example is the US financial services firm Citigroup. London also has the largest concentration of foreign bank branches.

Tourism is very important to the British economy. With over 27 million tourists a year, the United Kingdom is ranked as the sixth major tourist destination in the world.

The British manufacturing sector, though diminished, is still a significant part of the economy, but only accounted for one-sixth of the national output in 2003. The chemical and pharmaceutical industry is also strong in the UK, with the world's second and sixth largest pharmaceutical firms based in the UK.

The United Kingdom's agriculture sector accounts for only 0.9% of the country's GDP.

The UK has a small coal reserve along with significant natural gas, and oil reserves, although the natural gas and oil reserves are diminishing.

The currency of the UK is the pound sterling, represented by the symbol ₤. At the public referendum in 2005 more than half of the UK were against adopting the Euro, whilst 30% were in favour of the new currency. The UK chose not to join the Euro and British Prime Minister Gordon Brown has ruled out membership for the foreseeable future, saying that the decision not to join had been right for Britain and for Eurоре.

Government involvement throughout the economy is exercised by the Chancellor of the Exchequer who heads HM Treasury, but the Prime Minister, who has vast political power, is First Lord of the Treasury; the Chancellor of the Exchequer is the Second Lord of the Treasury. However since 1997, the Bank of England-headed by the Governor of the Bank of England, has control of the monetary policy.

■ Ex. 2. Answer the following comprehension questions based on the text.

1. What constituent parts is the United Kingdom made up of?

2. In what way did the developments in the 20^th century affect the UK’s status in global affairs?

3. What international organisations does Great Britain hold a seat on?

4. What does the Anglo-Saxon model which the UK has favoured for over twenty-five years imply?

5. How can you account for the decline in heavy industry in the 20^th century?

6. What is the position of the service sector in the scale of the British economy?

7. What other sectors are at the top of the industrial processes?

8. What political question was put to vote at the referendum in 2005? What was the outcome of the voting?

9. Does the government have any tools to control the economy?

■ Ex 3. Say whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE according to the text.

1. The monarch of Great Britain is rather absolute than constitutional.

2. The wars in the 20^th century had such an impact on Britain that it hasn’t recovered ever since.

3. There are three major centres of the world’s economy, with London dominating the international business and finance.

4. Increasingly, foreign companies seek to place their headquarters in the capital of the UK.

5. The Anglo-Saxon model accepted in the UK proved to be very effective.

6. Unlike most industrialising countries the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain focused on both heavy and service industries.

7. A rapid development of heavy industry during the Industrial Revolution required an overseas market for British products.

8. Surplus labour from agriculture was a barrier to progress at the time of the Industrial Revolution.

9. The British Government is not empowered to influence the country’s economic and financial affairs.

■ Ex 4. Put the following sentences in the right order.

A London is a major centre for international business and commerce and the leader of the three “command centres” for the global economy.

B Many multinational companies that are not primarily UK-based have chosen to site their European or rest-of-world headquarters in London.

С The UK is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy comprising four constituent countries with Elizabeth II as head of the state.

D The Government involvement throughout economy is exercised by the Chancellor of the Exchequer who heads Her Magesty’s Treasury.

E The UK chose not to join the Euro and British Prime Minister Gordon Brown has ruled out membership for the foreseeable future.

F The Bank of England, headed by the Governor of the Bank of England, has control of the monetary policy.

G It is a highly developed country with the fifth-largest economy in the world.

H The British started the Industrial Revolution, and, like most industrialising countries at the time, initially concentrated on heavy industries.

I As a result heavy industry declined by degrees throughout the 20^th century.

■ Ex. 5. Be ready to render the passage in the form of a presentation. Structure your presentation according to the classical model.

Introducing your first point

To start with, then, I'd like to consider...

First of all, I'd like to look at...

Finishing a point

That's all I have to say about...

These are the main points on...

Starting a new point

Now let's turn to...

I'd like now to consider...

Next we come to...

The next point I'd like to make is...

Referring to what you have said

As I said at the beginning...

I told you a few minutes ago that...

In the first part of my talk, I said...

Referring to what you will say

I'll come to that later.

I'll return to that point a few minutes later.

Summarizing

So now I'd just like to summarise the main points.

Concluding

That's all I have to say for now.

I think that covers most of the points.

That concludes my talk.

Thank you for your attention.

SECTION В

Настоящее продолженное время

(Present Continuous)

Утвердительная форма

I	am	working
You	are
Не She It	is
We You They	are

Отрицательная форма

I	am	not	working
You	are	not
Не She It	is	not
We You They	are	not

Вопросительная форма

Am	I	working?
Are	you
Is	he she it
Are	we you they

Сокращения: ‘m=am

‘re=are

‘s=is

VOCABULARY LIST

	to have an urgent objective — иметь первоочередную цель, задачу
	to ensure one's appointment as president — обеспечить себе назначение президентом
	to be a pillar — быть столпом общества
	to own an advertising agency — владеть рекламным агентством
	to advise smb on smth — зд. ввести кого-либо в курс дела, проинформировать
	to consider smth one's duty — считать чего-либо своим долгом
	to appreciate smth — оценить что-либо
	to make smb uneasy — обеспокоить кого-либо
	to depress the price of stock — отрицательно повлиять на цену акций
	to be concerned about smth — быть озабоченным чем-либо
	to be willing to do smth — иметь желание сделать что-либо
	to pledge smb one's support — обещать кому-либо свою поддержку
	to decide on smb's successor — решить вопрос о чьем-либо преемнике
	to be smb's heir — быть наследником кого-либо
	The odds do not favour me now — сейчас обстоятельства против меня
	to be chief of security — возглавлять службу безопасности
	to take smth step by step — разобраться с чем-либо шаг за шагом
	to dismiss smb — уволить кого-либо
	to support smb — зд. содержать кого-либо
	to give smb a piece of advice — дать кому-либо совет
	to mistrust the obvious — не верить очевидному
	to feel disappointed — чувствовать разочарование

1. Roscoe Heyward is in his office now. He has an urgent objective. He wants to ensure his appointment as president of FMA after Rosselli's death. He is sitting behind his desk. He is not giving instructions to his secretary. He is not dictating business letters. He is talking over the phone with Harold Austin. Heyward is informing him about the sad news.

1. Is Roscoe Heyward standing by the window?

2. He is not dictating business letters, is he?

3. What is he doing?

4. Why is he doing it?

2. Harold Austin is in his office too. Harold Austin is one of the city's pillars. He owns the state's largest advertising agency and he is a veteran director of the bank with strong influence on the board. He is smoking a large cigar and talking over the telephone.

"I am phoning you to advise you immediately," Heyward is saying. "I consider it my duty."

"I appreciate it" Austin is answering." The news can make depositors uneasy and depress the price of our stock." Austin is concerned. "I am willing to pledge you my support, Roscoe. The first thing to do is to decide on Rosselli's successor. I think you are that man."

1. What does Harold Austin do?

2. What is he doing now?

3. Why is Roscoe Heyward phoning Harold Austin?

4. Is Harold Austin willing to pledge Heyward his support?

3. Edwina D'Orsey is in Alex Vandervoort's office now. Edwina is having coffee. Alex is not drinking coffee, he is smoking a pipe. They are discussing the sad news. They are talking about the possible changes.

"Everybody knows you are Rosselli's chosen heir" Edwina is saying. "My impression is, Alex, you are the kind of man we need." "The odds do not favour me now" Alex is answering.

1. Does Alex Vandervoort smoke cigarettes?

2. Is he smoking a cigarette now?

3. What are Edwina and Alex discussing?

4. They are talking about the possible changes, aren't they?

4. Nolan Wainwright is chief of security at FMA. He is in his office now. Juanita Nunez is sitting in front of him. Wainwright is interviewing her.

"I want to hear your whole story again. I want to take it step by step."

"I know what you are thinking" the girl is saying. "You think I am lying."

"Are you lying?" the Chief of Security wants to know.

"No" is the girl's answer.

1. Does Nolan Wainwright work at FMA? What does he do?

2. What is he doing now?

3. Is Juanita standing in front of him?

4. The girl is crying, isn't she?

5. It is Friday morning. Edwina D'Orsey and her husband are in their house. They are having breakfast. It is three days since Ben Rosselli's dramatic announcement and two days since the discovery of the cash loss at First Mercantile America's main downtown branch. Edwina is planning to dismiss Juanita Nunez today, but she does not like the idea. She feels sorry for the girl who has a daughter to support.

"Is the bank's cash still missing?" her husband is asking.

"Unfortunately, yes" is Edwina's answer. "I don't know what to do."

"I want to give you a piece of advice. It is this: mistrust the obvious" her husband is saying. Edwina feels disappointed.

1. Is Edwina making breakfast now?

2. What is she thinking about at breakfast?

3. Edwina is not planning to dismiss Juanita, is she?

4. Are they discussing Rosselli's dramatic announcement?