9.3. Arab Maghreb Union

Quite interesting is union (so it can be called quite conventionally), Arab Maghreb Union - AMU. It was created in 1989 and united against such relatively developed countries of North Africa, like Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Mauritania. Algeria is the current industrial countries with strong economic potential. The basis of the economy are energy, mining which is aimed mainly for export. Algeria ranks 8 th place in the world in deposits of natural gas and 4 th - the volume of its exports and 18 th place for oil deposits. The classical model of export-import economic system. Morocco has all the features of industrial-agricultural country, which economy determines the mining industry, export oriented (2 / 3 of world phosphate reserves ), Tunisia - a country with a fairly diversified economy, a leading place in which belongs to a developed tourism industry (forming about 55% of GNP) . According to these characteristics, historically, that the Maghreb countries are constantly under review in Western Europe. The main economic partners are the European Union countries, especially France, Italy, Germany and Spain. 65% of sub-regional export is Directed to Europe [eq. Ukrainian 2008, № 9]. Tentative to create in one or another form Arab common market, or even a free trade area is not considered seriously,most Arabian countries does not give great importance to mutual economic communication links, except the cooperation within OPEC. In the Arab Maghreb Union political factors are dominated, economic integration is practically absent. Today, this northwestern region of Africa is locked in a 5 national borders, separated from each other markets. And existing realities SAM incentive to accelerate the development and implementation plans for regional economic cooperation. Foresee that integration in the region has consistently held free trade zone, where customs duty on sub-regional tariffs will be eliminated if only keep them at the "third" countries goods, custom union with common tariffs against the "third" countries, finally, a common market.

And yet all this is only plans, and countries of Maghreb as previously are separated from each other by close markets, economic rivalry and the constant political disputes.

However, integration processes on the African continent develop languidly. African countries in overwhelming majority to such measure poor, and their economic activity is such insignificant, that a base for a collaboration, on the estimations of specialists, practically absent. Almost all African countries concentrated on agriculture and natural resources as on the main sources of receipts from export.

9.4. Iinternational integration process in the pool of the Indian Ocean

Comparatively the new phenomenon in a world integration process is distribution of international economic integration in Asian and African space. The question is about an integration tendency which to follow in development of co-relations between the countries of pool of the Indian Ocean.

Firstly began to strengthen relations between the states within the individual subregions. In the area of the Indian Ocean formed and operate, albeit with different levels of success, such associations as already mentioned ASEAN, the Association of regional collaboration of the states of South Asia, Organization of economic collaboration of the Arabic states of the Persian bay, Commission of the Indian ocean as association of island countries of western part of ocean, Intergovernmental agency of development, to which entered the countries of African Horn, and also common market of East and South Africa.

Later on this phone in the states of pool of the Indian Ocean ripening idea of adjusting of more wide intercontinental economic collaboration, first of all in the sphere of trade and economy. On the first meeting on this occasion in March in 1995 Seven of countries-initiators is India, Republic of South Africa, Australia, Mauritius, Oman, Singapore and Kenya - came to a fundamental agreement about beginning of preparation in the region of intergovernmental organization from development of trade and economic collaboration of all countries of coast Indian Ocean.

In the second meeting in September 1996 14 countries participated already: "Seven" was joined by Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Yemen, Madagascar, Mozambique and Tanzania. Concrete questions, related to creation of Association of Regional Collaboration of Countries of the Indian Ocean, were considered. The constituent session of this association took place in 1997.

In the concerted project of Regulations of future association certain it aims:

• an assistance to the economic increase and balanced development of all countries of region;

• encouragement of liberalization of trade and decline of customs tariffs;

• development of the mutual investing;

• removal of legal and normative obstacles in trade and economic relations.

Thus, the set of aims is almost traditional in comparing with existent integration groupings. Untraditional are scales of their achievement - intercontinental. In relation to principles which activity of future organization must repose on, that they also are almost traditional for western democracy:

• equality, sovereignty and political independence of all countries and participants;

• non-interference in internal affairs, openness of Association for all countries of

the Indian ocean;

• an acceptance of all decisions on principles of consensus;

• voluntarily of participating in projects which are offered;

• abandonment from consideration of bilateral problems, which able to cause intensifying of intergovernmental contradictions.

Among the first projects of collaboration, which was suggested to consider on a future summit of the ministers of countries and participants, in the executable program of organization are marked:

1. Creation of bank of data as to trade and investment possibilities in a region;

2. Standardization of operating legal and normative terms of export and import actions;

3. Founding of regional business centre;

4. Adjusting of cooperation in the sphere of environment, tourism, development of human capitals.

Thus, forming of Association of the Regional collaboration of Countries of the Indian ocean, other efforts, direct on adjusting of multilateral intercontinental collaboration, testify that the process of interregional integration in Indian and African space can spread to the huge zone of coast of the Indian ocean. Usually, a period of forming of new economic integration grouping will be protracted enough. But as condition it converting into capable and effective organization, Association has a chance to becomes the key factor of stability in a region of Indian Ocean, it will assist of converting of this region in course of time into an important centre world economic development.

Control questions and practical tasks:

1. Give characteristic of economic and social and political conditions of development of integration processes on the African continent.

2. What groups of integration associations do function in Africa?

3. Expose the features of integration on the example of Union of Arabic Mahryb.

4. Does an intercontinental integration process has prospects in the pool of the Indian ocean? (With participation of the African countries).

5. Define the role of Organization of African unity in development of integration processes on the African continent.

6. Comment factors which restrain international economic integration on the African continent.

7. Community of interests of countries and shareholders of group of the African bank of development.

Lecture 10. The United Nations Organization and the development of integration processes in the world economy

Plan:

10.1. The System of United Nations Organization

10.2. Economic and Social Council

10.3. The factors of indirect influence on the global integration process

References:

1. Шреплер Х. А. Международные экономические организации: Справочник. М.: 1999.

2. Герчикова И. Н. Международные экономические организации: Регулирование мирохозяйственных связей и предпринимательской деятельности. Уч. пос.. М., 2000.

3. Троненко В. І. Курс лекцій з дисципліни Міжнародна економічна інтеграція. –К.: КиМУ, 2002. – 114 с.