Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
pereklad_Mizhnarodna_ekonomichna_integratsiya_T....doc
Скачиваний:
23
Добавлен:
08.11.2018
Размер:
551.94 Кб
Скачать

3.1. The main stages of the European Union

International economic integration originates from that group of countries, combined with the effective implementation of joint socio-economic, political, cultural and other interests. Such interests are formed gradually as a result of long cooperation of neighboring countries. On the basis of their changing nature of multilateral relations. Because the relationship between treaty-based integration mechanisms: agreements and contracts include not only bilateral or multilateral cooperation, mutual and gradual integration of national economies.

An example of the most complete and consistent process of economic integration is the western European integration process during the second half of XX century obumovlyuvav forming a single economic space sub-regional scale, in which gradually formed the only economic conditions, free movement of factors of production - labor, capital, technology, created optimal mechanisms for their regulation.

Signs of the classical model of integration in the EU:

• existence of conditions of integration

• strict adherence to the principles of international integration

• certainty of common interests

• consistent determination of the contents of each stage of integration

• completeness of economic integration

• solve problems of political integration

Western model of economic integration to some extent be regarded as a classic. It found expression in practice, mainly those milestones, that he had been scientifically proved representative of market-institutional school, the American economist B. Belashi. In addition to objective factors that caused the Western European economic integration, including such as rapid deployment of STC, the role and influence of MNEs, internationalization of production and capital, the globalization of economic links, they also reinforce the idea of a united Europe, expressed and justified by scientists community leaders, politicians of different eras and generations.

Western Europe had to pass through the fire of two world wars, before it concluded that policies need to integrate their countries on the new basis. Back in 1944, Prime Minister of Great Britain Mr. Churchill said the need for a union of Western European countries like the United States of Europe.

Integration in Western Europe was "the first impulse ˮ from the Marshall Plan, which was carried out by accelerating the revival of national economies of several countries of postwar Europe. In order to provide implementation of the Marshall Plan in 1948 founded the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, which later became influential Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD, which operates to this day. It should be noted that the OECD does not become the core of Western European integration process, its functions spread far beyond the European continent.

Precedent to the effective economic integration in Europe, the customs union of Benelux, around which in 1948 joined Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. For a short period of association rather convincingly demonstrated the effectiveness and benefits of economic integration. Then in 1949 created the Council of Europe, which included 40 European countries to regulate mainly on education and cultural cooperation. 1949 began operating an intergovernmental economic organization of Eastern and Central Europe and the Soviet Union - the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, whose goal was to deepen and improve cooperation and development of socialist economic integration. However, CEA was not constructive and integrated community ceased functioning after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]