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III. Answer the Questions:

1. How did Canute become king of England?

2. What kind of person was he?

3. What kind of new things did he introduce in England?

4. Why did English and Danes regard him as a god?

5. Do you think the famous story about Canute proves that he was a wise man?

6. Why do we say that when Canute died, his subjects lost a great king?

IV. Give the synonyms and the antonyms to the words:

Synonyms: Antonyms:

monarch (n) to be born

kingdom (n) mercy (adj)

warrior (n) to devide (v)

merciless (n) famous(adj)

to built (v)

mild (adj)

V. Translate the sentences into English:

  1. Канут, которого скандинавы называли Великим, был, возможно, наилучшим правителем Западной Европы в XI веке.

  2. Но именно тот факт, что он был английским монархом (с 1016 по 1035 г) принёс ему славу, благодаря которой его имя известно и по сей день.

  3. После сражения, продолжавшегося несколько месяцев, Эдмунд и Канут пришли к соглашению разделить между собой королевство и, когда Эдмунд умер, Канут стал королём целой страны.

  4. Отказавшись от своей нехристианской религии, он принял христианство и поощрял церковь строить всё больше школ и монастырей.

  5. Когда он понял, что ничего нельзя сделать, он повернулся к своим подданным и сказал: «Бог – единственный король, которому подвластно всё. Его вы должны почитать!»

VI. Make up your own sentences with the words (see task 1).

VII. Discuss the topics:

  1. Canute is the king of England.

  2. What kind of new things were introduced in England?

GUY FAWKES (1570-1606)

I. Study the following words:

Faith – вера, религия, обещание, верность, доверие

Considerable minority – значительное меньшинство

Conviction – осуждение, убеждение

To enlist – добровольно поступать на военную службу, вербовать, находить

поддержку

Immorality – безнравственность

Toleration – терпимость

To plot – участок земли, сюжет, заговор, замышлять, интриговать

To persuade - убеждать

To invade – вторгаться, посягать на права

Assassinating – убивающий

To assist – помогать

Cellar – погреб, подвал

To conceal – скрывать

Brutal – грубый, жестокий

Interrogation – вопрос, допрос

To execute – исполнять, выполнять казнь, оформить документ

Bonfire – костёр

Firework(s) – фейерверк

II. Read and translate the text:

Guy Fawkes was born to a prominent Yorkshire family, in 1570, and his first religious training was in the Anglican faith. When his father died, in 1579, and his mother married a Roman Catholic, young Guy was converted to Catholicism. It must be remembered that this was a time of great religious ten­sion in England, with a Protestant Monarch, Elizabeth 1, who was in the process of strengthening the Church of England, and a considerable minority of Catholics, who felt themselves poorly treated and with good reason.*1

At the age of twenty-three, Guy Fawkes, because of his deeply felt religious conviction and a sense of youthful adven­ture, left England and enlisted in the Spanish army in the Netherlands. During the next eleven years there, he estab­lished a reputation as a soldier of great courage, a fact that would lead to his participation in the infamous Gunpowder Plot,*2 and future immortality.

During his last years abroad, a small group of Catholics in England, led by Robert Catesby, were planning the murder of the king, James I, who they thought was doing too little in the way of granting more toleration to the English Catholics.*3 Catesby had plotted against the crown several times before, actively participating in an attempt to oust Elizabeth, in 1601, and trying to persuade Spain to invade England, in 1602. By assassinating the king, the queen and their eldest son, Prince Henry, the conspirators hoped to pave the way for Catholic takeover over the country.*4

Since those involved in the scheme were well-known per­sons, it was necessary to bring in help from outside, and it was here that Fawkes, with his military experience and long absence from England, was called upon to assist. In brief, the plan involved the placing of an enormous explosive charge under the parliament building, to be detonated on Novem­ber 5, 1605. It was the first day of the new session of parlia­ment, when the royal family would be present. In March of that year, the plotters managed to get into the cellar next to the palace of Westminster, opened a passageway between it and the adjoining cellar, and gave Fawkes the task of preparing the explosive. He then brought in more than twenty barrels of gunpowder, placed iron bars on them to increase the destructive force, and concealed the murderous device under coals.

Fortunately for the government, the plot was revealed by one of its members and he was arrested on November 4, 1605. Under torture on the rack,*5 a common and terribly brutal method of interrogation at the time, Fawkes revealed the entire plan and the names of his co-conspirators. He lived long enough to see the passing of an act,*6 in January of that year, establishing November 5, the day on which parliament was to have been destroyed by the Gunpowder Plot, as a day of national thanksgiving. On February 1, 1606, he and seven oth­ers were publicly executed opposite the parliament building they had plotted to explode.

November 5th, now known as Guy Fawkes Day, is still cel­ebrated by bonfires, fireworks and carrying of "guys," grotesque effigies of Guy Fawkes, through the streets. And yes, it is true: our modern synonym for "fellow" refers to the very same Guy.*7

Notes:

1. who felt themselves poorly treated and with good reason —

которые, не без основания, считали, что с ними плохо обходятся

2. Gunpowder Plot — «Пороховой заговор», устроенный католиками с целью убийства короля Якова I

3. who they thought was doing too little in the way of granti­ng more toleration to the English Catholicsкоторый, по их мнению, почти ничего не делал для того, чтобы к английским католикам относились более терпимо

4. to pave the way for Catholic takeover over the country — проложить путь к победе католиков в Англии

5. under torture on the rack — с помощью пыток на дыбе

6. he lived long enough to see the passing of an act — он дожил до того дня, когда был издан закон

7. And yes, it is true: our modern synonym for "fellow" refers to the very same Guy. — И это действительно правда, что наш (английский) современный синоним слова «fellow» (парень, малый) произошло от имени этого Гая.

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