Английский язык 1 часть

U N I T I

GRAMMAR

SECTION I

THE MODAL VERB “SHOULD”

READ, STUDYAND PRACTISE.

1.— Mary feels bad.

—She should see a doctor.

2.— I’ve bought sausages for breakfast.

—Oh, you shouldn’t have bought sausages. I don’t like them. You should have bought some fish.

Модальный глагол should употребляется со всеми лицами единственного и множественного числа для выражения совета (сделать или не делать что-л.), морального долга или упрека. Should (not) в сочетании с инфинитивом глагола (без частицы to) выражает совет, относящийся к настоящему или будущему времени (см. пример 1) и переводится на русский язык: (не) должен, (не) следует, (не) нужно.

Should (not) в сочетании с Perfect Infinitive (без частицы to) относится к прошедшему времени (см. пример 2), переводится: (не) должен был, (не) следовало (бы), (не) нужно было (бы), и выражает положительное или отрицательное мнение по поводу того, что было сделано (или не сделано) в прошлом.

Ex. 1.

ExampleA:You should reserve accommodation for your business partners at the Metropol Hotel in advance. The hotel is very popular.

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Enquiries and Offers. Discussing the Price Problem

a) Give advice to your friend. Explain the reason.

Vour friend recommends: to invite the businessmen to the Prague Restaurant after the talks; to take the businessmen to the Bolshoi Theatre next Saturday; to fly to the Baltic coast in July; to buy a new suit; to have a good rest this summer; to find some new mod­ els of refrigerators on the market; to speak English well.

b)Say where yon w ill recommend your friend to go if he wants:

•to see masterpieces of old Russian architecture;

•to have a quiet rest;

•to see a good ballet performance;

•to listen to a concert of classical music;

•to buy a tour of Italy;

•to have a party with traditional Chinese cuisine;

•to see the achievements of the Japanese electronic industry;

•to buy some new clothes for summer wear;

•to look at the Impressionists9 paintings.

Example B: Y ou sh o u ld h a v e w a tc h e d th e n e w s p ro g ra m m e . I t w a s v e ry In te re stin g .

c) What w ill yon say if your friend did not:

visit the latest exhibition of consumer goods; reserve accommodation for the British businessmen; go sightseeing during the business trip to Prague; see the modem version ofShakespeare’s “Hamlet” at the Art theatre; ask the Sellers to give a discount off the price; visitthe manu­ facturing plant during the trip to Glasgow; answer the urgent messages; clarify the delivery terms at the last talks.

Ex. 2• Don’t recommend yonr friend to do smth. Give your rea­ sons.

Example: I th in k y o u sh o u ld n ’t b u y th is d re ss .

I t d o esn ’t lo o k a ttr a c tiv e a n d i t Is to o ex p en siv e .

•to buy that suit;

•to go to Egypt in summer;

•to drink much coffee;

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Lesson 3

•to go to bed very late;

•to work on the computer too much;

•to buy a very expensive car;

•to watch TV serials;

•to go shopping to big supermarkets at weekends;

•to buy a country house very near Moscow;

•to stay at 3-star hotels;

•to buy a cheap mobile telephone.

Ex. 3. Choose the correct forms of the verbs. Write the sen­ tences.

1.You should (discuss, have discussed) the terms of the transactions as soon as possible, if you are interested in buying the dishwashers of this company.

2.Why didn’t you buy that dress? You should (buy, have bought) it. It fitted you perfectly.

3.I don’t think these shoes are comfortable. You should (try on, have tried) another pair.

4.You should (call, have called) on Jim yesterday. He wanted to see you.

5.You should (introduce, have introduced) some changes into the model last year.

6.You should (reserve, have reserved) accommodation at the Beach Hotel in advance as the hotel is usually full, especially at summer time.

7.We should (take part, have taken part) in the exhibition. It was a good chance to advertise the new models.

8.I think you should (drive, have driven) through the centre of Lon­ don. You will be able to see some wonderful buildings.

9.You should (make, have made) an appointment with the director of the plant in advance. He is a very busy man.

Ex. 4.Translate Into English.

1.Вам следует попросить г-на Лаврова рассказать о Лондоне. Он прожил там несколько лет и очень хорошо знает этот город.

2.Нам следует обсудить этот вопрос детально.

3.Зачем Вы поехали на метро? Вам следовало бы сесть на авто­ бус 15.

4.Вам следует приложить к письму последние каталоги на мо­ дель АВ 20.

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Enquiries and Offers. Discussing the Price Problem

5.Почему вы не согласились с ценами фирмы? Вам следовало бы согласиться с ними. Другие фирмы продают такие машины по более высокой цене.

6.Вам следует купить костюм на размер больше. Этот вам мал.

7.Почему Вы пришли так поздно? Вам следовало прийти по­ раньше, так как обсуждение вопроса началось 30 минут тому назад.

8.Вам следовало бы принять участие в совещании. Оно было очень важным.

SECTION II

THE PASSIVE INFINITIVE

READ, STUDYAND PRACTISE.

1.— When must we ship the goods?

—The goods must be shipped not later than in May.

2.— What can you say to our offer?

—I’m afraid the offer can’t be accepted as the price is extremely high.

3.— When are you to make the tests of the machines?

—The tests are to be made next week.

The Passive Infinitive состоит из инфинитива вспомогатель­

§ного глагола to be и Participle П смыслового глагола.

Ex. S.Answer the questions:

1.What business matters must be discussed before a contract is signed?

2.When must a Notification of Readiness be sent to the Buyers?

3.What must be done before a new model of car is launched to the market?

4.Why must goods be widely advertised?

5.Why must commercial centres be established at exhibitions?

6. Why must accommodation at popular hotels be reserved in ad­ vance?

7.What facilities must be provided for visitors in 5-star hotels?

8.What facilities must be provided by the Sellers in case of CIF terms?

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Lesson 3

Ex. 6. Make up sentences.

Example: T h e ta lk s a re to be co m p le te d to m o rro w .

Ex. 7.Translate Into English.

1.Письмо должно быть переведено к 5 часам вечера.

2.Г-н Браун сказал, что заказ не может быть увеличен до 50 машин.

3.Все расчеты должны быть сделаны к концу месяца.

4.Аккредитив должен быть открыт на полную стоимость товара.

5.Предложение не может быть отправлено через два дня.

6.Когда должны быть проведены испытания машин?

7.К предложению должен быть приложен каталог и технические характеристики машины.

8.Товар должен быть отгружен не позднее августа.

9.Следует сделать всё, чтобы решить этот вопрос.

10.Товары фирмы надо рекламировать в газетах и журналах.

U N I T II

СТРУКТУРА КОММЕРЧЕСКОГО ПИСЬМА

Деловые письма пишутся по установленной форме на напечатан­ ных типографским способом бланках. Общепринятым яв­ ляется следующее расположение основных частей делового письма:

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Enquiries and Offers. Discussing the Price Problem

I was very pleased to meet you on the 12th February and very much en­ joyed our discussions.

Although we represent Flexibox as Consultants in Russia we are also able to supply many spare parts1from different manufacturers and we are very keen to establish a relationship with you2.

I should like to take this opportunity to enclose a copy of our latest Product List which will give you some idea of a very wide range of products and equipment we are able to supply. I do hope you will not hesitate to send me enquiries for any spare parts which you wish to im­ port from the UK.

I look forward to the pleasure of hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully, К. CARTER

1We are able to supply spare parts. — Мы можем поставлять запчасти.

2 We are very keen to establish a relationship with you. — Мы очень хотим установить отношения с Вами.

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Lesson 3

U N I T II I

WORKING ON THE TEXT

Read the letters and the dialogue.

A

THE CORRESPONDENCE CONCERNING THE PURCHASE

OF FAX MACHINES

This is an enquiry for Fax Machines of Wilson Electronics, which were on display at the exhibition in Olympia.

Further to our conversation with your Sales Manager during the Exhi­ bition of electronic equipment at Olympia in London we shall be obliged if you will send2 us your quotation for the Model R 80 Fax Machines.

Please let us know if you can supply us with 20 Fax Machines and quote your best prices3. Delivery will be required within two months af­ ter we place the order. If you can guarantee prom pt delivery and can quote really competitive prices we shall be able to place an order with your company.

We are looking forward to hearing from you4 soon and hope that our fu­ ture business relations will be of mutual benefit.

Yours faithfully,

Rossimport

Here is a reply of the British company.

24th March, 200...

Dear Sirs,

Thank you for your enquiry of the 20th March 200... in which you in­ form us that you are interested in purchasing the Model R 80 Fax Ma­ chines from us. We enclose with the letter all particulars concerning the technical characteristics of this model.

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Enquiries and Offers. Discussing the Price Problem

Our company enjoys a first-class reputation and our products are ex­ ported to many countries. We have had to develop special features in our Fax Machines to satisfy market demands.

Our machines are widely known in many countries of Europe and Asia. We are happy to inform you that we can meet your quantity require­ ments and offer you 20 machines at the price o f ... per unit. The price includes packing. We are sure that at this price our products are the best on the world market. We can promise the delivery in a month if we re­ ceive your order immediately. We hope the above information will be helpful. However, if further information is required, please do not hesi­ tate to contact us. We hope you will be able to accept our offer and look forward to our future discussions with you.

Yours faithfully, Wilson Electronics, Ltd

Enc5.

В

DISCUSSING THE PRICE PROBLEM

After Mr Borisov had studied the price for the Model R 80 Fax Ma­ chines he found that it was somewhat higher than the prices of other companies for similar types of Fax Machines. He decided to discuss the price with Mr Adams.

Borisov: Mr Adams, Pm sorry to say we cannot sign a contract with your company at this price. It’s unreasonably high. We are in close touch with the world market and we know that your competitors are quoting lower prices.

Adams: You are partly right. It’s true, the price is high, but you should take into consideration the fact that this model has been designed on the most modem lines6 and we can guarantee its high reliability.

Borisov: We know that. But nevertheless the price doesn’t seem at­ tractive. Will the final price depend on the number of ma­ chines we’ll buy from you?

Adams: Right. If you increase your order to 25 machines we’ll be able to give you a 2% discount on the price.

Borisov: I’m afraid the discount is too small. I expected at least a 4% discount.

Adams: Let me make some calculations. Well, Mr Borisov, 3% and not more as this concession leaves only a very small profit for ourselves.

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Lesson 3

Borisov: In this case I’d like to discuss the matter with our people. After that I’ll be able to give you the final reply.

Adams: Good.

1Ltd — сокр. от Limited — акционерное общество с ограниченной ответ­ ственностью

2We shall be obliged if you will send ... — Мы будем благодарны, если Вы пришлете ... (в данном предложении глагол will употребляется как форма вежливой просьбы).

3best prices — зд. самые низкие цены

4 to hear from smb — получить известие, письмо от кого-либо 5Enc. = Enclosure — приложение

6 It has been designed on the most modern lines. — В конструкции были учтены самые современные тенденции.

Ex. 9•Say what yon remember

a)from the first letter about:

•the type and the number of Fax Machines Rossimport was interested in buying;

•the delivery time the Buyers required.

b)from the second letter about:

•the reputation of Wilson Electronics Ltd;

•the price and delivery time which the company quoted.

c)from the dialogue about:

•the Buyers’ opinion of the price which the Sellers quoted for the Fax Machines;

•the discussion of the discount on the price.

Ex. 10.Think and answer.

A. 1. Why were the Buyers interested in the Fax Machines of the British company?

2.Why did the Buyers ask the Sellers to send them their quota­ tion?

3.Why did the Sellers have to develop special features in the Fax Machines?

4.What further information can be required by Rossimport?

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