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DZșȎȐȎ 10. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ DZǮDzȉ DzǾȁDZǼǷ ǿȁǿǰdzȀǻǮǷ ǰǮǷǻȉ |
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ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɵɯ |
ɩɚʆɧɚɦɨɰɬɜɚɯ |
ɜɨɣɫɤɚʆ" (13.05.1941 ɝ.), |
ɭ |
ɪɚɫɩɚɪɚɞɠɷɧɧɿ |
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"Ⱦɜɚɧɚɰɰɚɰɶ ɡɚɩɚɜɟɞɡɹʆ ɩɚɜɨɞɡɿɧ ɧɟɦɰɚʆ ɧɚ ɍɫɯɨɞɡɟ ɿ ɿɯ ɚɛɵɯɨɞɠɚɧɧɟ ɡ |
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ɪɭɫɤɿɦɿ" |
(01.06.1941 ɝ.), ɭ |
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ɡɚɝɚɞɡɟ ɤɚɦɚɧɞɭɸɱɚɝɚ 6-ɣ ɚɪɦɿɹɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥ- |
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ɮɟɥɶɞɦɚɪɲɚɥɚ Ɋɷɣɯɟɧɚʆ "Ⱥɛ ɩɚɜɨɞɡɿɧɚɯ ɜɨɣɫɤ ɧɚ ɍɫɯɨɞɡɟ" (10.12.1941 ɝ.) ɿ |
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ɿɧɲɵɯ. ɍ ɚɞɩɚɜɟɞɧɚɫɰɿ ɡ ɝɷɬɵɦɿ ʆɤɚɡɚɧɧɹɦɿ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɣ ɚɪɦɿɿ, |
ɫɥɭɠɛɨʆɰɚɦ ɿ |
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ɤɚɥɚɧɿɫɬɚɦ ɧɚɫɬɨɣɥɿɜɚ ɞɚɜɨɞɡɿɥɚɫɹ, ɲɬɨ ɹɧɵ ɡ'ɹʆɥɹɸɰɰɚ ɩɨʆɧɵɦɿ ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɚɦɿ |
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ɧɚ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɹɯ, ɡ ɿɯ ɡɞɵɦɚɥɚɫɹ ʆɫɹɤɚɹ ɚɞɤɚɡɧɚɫɰɶ ɡɚ ʆɬɜɨɪɚɧɵɹ |
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ɧɚ ɝɷɬɵɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ ɡɥɚɱɵɧɫɬɜɵ. |
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ɇɚ ɚɞɧɵɦ ɡ ɩɚɫɥɹɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɰɷɫɚʆ ɚɛɜɿɧɚɜɚɱɜɚɟɦɵ ɷɫɷɫɚɜɟɰ Ɇɸɥɟɪ |
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ɫɤɚɡɚʆ: "Ɇɵ ɛɚɱɵɥɿ ʆ ɤɨɠɧɵɦ ɪɭɫɤɿɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɠɵɜɺɥɭ. Ƚɷɬɚ ɲɬɨɞɧɹ |
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ɞɚɜɨɞɡɿɥɚɫɹ ɧɚɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ. Ɍɚɦɭ, ɡɞɡɹɣɫɧɹɸɱɵ ɡɚɛɨɣɫɬɜɵ, ɦɵ ɧɟ |
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ɡɚɞɭɦɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɝɷɬɵɦ, ɛɨ ʆ ɧɚɲɵɯ ɜɚɱɚɯ ɪɭɫɤɿɹ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɿ ɥɸɞɡɶɦɿТ". |
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"ɇɨɜɵ ɩɚɪɚɞɚɤ" ɡɚɫɧɨʆɜɚʆɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɰɵ ɝɟɧɚɰɵɞɭ – ɦɷɬɚɧɚɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɚɝɚ |
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ɡɧɿɲɱɷɧɧɹ ɰɷɥɵɯ ɫɚɰɵɹɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɩɚ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚ-ɪɚɫɚɜɚɦɭ, ɪɷɥɿɝɿɣɧɚɦɭ ɿ |
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ɿɧɲɵɯ ɩɪɵɧɰɵɩɚɯ. Ƚɟɧɚɰɵɞɚɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɚ ʆɫɺ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ |
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ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ. |
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ɇɚɰɵɫɬɵ |
ɪɚɫɩɪɚɰɚɜɚɥɿ |
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ʆɫɯɨɞɧɿɯ |
ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ |
– ɩɥɚɧ |
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ɩɥɚɧ ɡɚɫɜɚɟɧɧɹ |
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"Ɉɫɬ". ɉɚɜɨɞɥɟ ɹɝɨ ɦɟɪɤɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɟɪɚʆɬɜɚɪɵɰɶ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɸ ɛɵɥɨɝɚ ɋɋɋɊ ɭ |
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ɧɹɦɟɰɤɭɸ |
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ɬɚɤ |
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ɡɜɚɧɚɦɭ |
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ɤɚɥɨɧɿɸ. Ɇɹɫɰɨɜɚɟ |
ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚйɩɚɞɥɹɝɚɥɚ |
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"ɜɵɫɹɥɟɧɧɸ", ɮɚɤɬɵɱɧɚ ɩɚɞ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɥɚɫɹ ɡɧɿɲɱɷɧɧɟ. ɉɚɤɿɧɭɬɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ |
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ɩɚɜɿɧɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɛɵɰɶ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɿɡɚɜɚɧɚ ɿ ɩɟɪɚɬɜɨɪɚɧɚ ʆ ɪɚɛɨʆ ɞɥɹ ɚɛɫɥɭɝɨʆɜɚɧɧɹ |
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ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɯ ɤɚɥɚɧɿɫɬɚʆ. |
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ɉɥɚɧɿɪɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ "ɩɟɪɚɫɹɥɟɧɧɟ" ɿ ɡɧɿɲɱɷɧɧɟ 31 ɦɥɧ. ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤ (80% – 85% |
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ɩɚɥɹɤɚʆ, 75% ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɚʆ, 65%оɡɚɯɨɞɧɿɯ ɭɤɪɚɿɧɰɚʆ, ɩɚ 50% ɥɚɬɵɲɨʆ, ɥɿɬɨʆɰɚʆ, |
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ɷɫɬɨɧɰɚʆ). ɍɫɹɝɨ ɠ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɰɹɝɭ 30 ɝɚɞɨʆ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɿ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ ɉɨɥɶɲɱɵ |
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ɿ ɋɋɋɊ ɬɭɬ ɦɟɪɤɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɡɧɿɲɱɵɰɶ 120 – 140 ɦɥɧ. ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤ. ɍ ɰɷɥɵɦ ɝɚɜɨɪɤɚ |
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ɿɲɥɚ ɚɛ ɩɚɞɪɵɜɟ "ɠɵɰɰɺɜɚɣ ɫɿɥɵ" ɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɿ ɹɝɨ ɛɿɹɥɚɝɿɱɧɵɦ |
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ɜɵɦɿɪɚɧɧɿ ɲɥɹɯɚɦ ɫɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɹ ɧɟɜɵɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɦɨʆ ɿɫɧɚɜɚɧɧɹ. |
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Ɂɚɦɟɫɬ ɛɵɥɨɝɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ʆɫɯɨɞɧɿɹ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɡɚɩɨʆɧɿɰɶ |
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ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɹ ɤɚɥɚɧɿɫɬɵ, ɚ ʆ ɹɤɚɫɰɿ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɚɣ ɫɿɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɿɯ ɚɛɫɥɭɝɨʆɜɚɧɧɹ |
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ɩɥɚɧɿɪɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɚɤɿɧɭɰɶ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɵɯ ɠɵɯɚɪɨʆ, ɹɤɿɹ ɩɚɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɥɿɫɹ ɛ |
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ɝɟɪɦɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɿ. ɇɚɩɪɵɤɥɚɞ, ɭ Ɇɿɧɫɤɭ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɩɚɫɹɥɿɰɶ 50 ɬɵɫ. ɧɟɦɰɚʆ ɿ |
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ɱɚɫɨɜɚ ɩɚɤɿɧɭɰɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɧɧɹ ʆ ɹɤɚɫɰɿ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɚɣ ɫɿɥɵ 100 ɬɵɫ. |
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еɦɹɫɰɨɜɵɯ ɠɵɯɚɪɨʆ, ɭ Ƚɨɦɟɥɿ ɚɞɩɚɜɟɞɧɚ 30 ɿ 50 ɬɵɫ., ɭ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɭ – 20 ɿ 40 ɬɵɫ., |
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ɭ Ƚɪɨɞɧɚ – 10 ɿ 20 ɬɵɫ., ɭ ɇɚɜɚɝɪɭɞɤɭ – 5 ɿ 15 ɬɵɫ. ɿ ɝ. ɞ. |
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ɉɚɥɿɬɵɤɭ ɝɟɧɚɰɵɞɭ ɚɠɵɰɰɹʆɥɹɥɿ ɲɦɚɬɥɿɤɿɹ ɤɚɪɧɵɹ ɫɿɥɵ: ɚɯɨʆɧɵɹ |
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ɞɵɜɿɡɿɿ ɜɟɪɦɚɯɬɚ, ɜɨɣɫɤɿ ɋɋ, ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɹ ɩɚɥɹɜɚɹ ɠɚɧɞɚɪɦɟɪɵɹ, ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɛɹɫɩɟɤɿ |
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(ɋȾ), ɜɚɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ ("Ⱥɛɜɟɪ"), ɫɩɟɰɵɹɥɶɧɵɹ ɚɣɧɡɚɰɝɪɭɩɵ ɿ |
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ɚɣɧɡɚɰɤɚɦɚɧɞɵ |
(ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɵɹ |
ɞɥɹ |
ɡɧɿɲɱɷɧɧɹ |
ɜɨɪɚɝɚʆ ɪɷɣɯɚ), |
ɮɚɪɦɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɿ |
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DZșȎȐȎ 10. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ DZǮDzȉ DzǾȁDZǼǷ ǿȁǿǰdzȀǻǮǷ ǰǮǷǻȉ
ɦɹɫɰɨɜɚɣ ɩɚɥɿɰɵɿ ɿ ɤɚɥɚɛɚɪɚɰɵɹɧɿɫɰɤɿɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɿ (Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɫɚɦɚɚɯɨɜɵ, Ɋɭɫɤɚɹ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɟɧɱɚɹ ɚɪɦɿɹ ɿ ɝ. ɞ.).
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɫɜɚɿɯ ɩɥɚɧɚʆ ɡɚɯɨɩɧɿɤɿ ɫɬɜɚɪɵɥɿ ɫɿɫɬɷɦɭ ɤɚɧɰɷɧɬɪɚɰɵɣɧɵɯ ɥɚɝɟɪɚʆ ɿ ɥɚɝɟɪɚʆ ɫɦɟɪɰɿ. ɇɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ȿʆɪɨɩɵ (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ, Ⱥʆɫɬɪɵɿ, ɉɨɥɶɲɱɵ, ɑɷɯɚɫɥɚɜɚɤɿɿ, Ȼɟɥɶɝɿɿ) ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɚɫɹ 1188 ɥɚɝɟɪɚʆ, ɩɪɚɡ ɹɤɿɹ ɩɪɚɣɲɥɨ 18 ɦɥɧ. ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤ, ɡ ɿɯ 11 ɦɥɧ. ɡɚɝɿɧɭɥɚ. ɇɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿУȻɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɞɡɟɣɧɿɱɚɥɚ ɡɜɵɲ 260 ɥɚɝɟɪɚʆ, ɫɹɪɨɞ ɿɯ ɫɚɦɵ ɛɭɣɧɵ ʆ ɋɋɋɊ ɿ ɬɪɷɰɿ ɩɚ ɜɟɥɿɱɵɧɿ ʆ ȿʆɪɨɩɟ Ɇɚɥɵ Ɍɪɚɫɰɹɧɟɰ ɩɚɞ Ɇɿɧɫɤɚɦ, ɞɡɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɩɚ ɩɪɵɛɥɿɡɧɵɯ ɩɚɞɥɿɤɚɯ ɡɚɝɿɧɭɥɚ ɛɨɥɶɲ 206 ɬɵɫ. ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤ. Ȼɨɥɶɲ 300 ɬɵɫ. ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤ ɛɵɥɨ
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ɡɧɿɲɱɚɧɚ ʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɭ ɿ ɉɨɥɚɰɤɭ, ɤɚɥɹ 200 ɬɵɫ. ɭ Ɇɚɝɿɥɺɜɟ ɿ Ȼɚɛɪɭɣɫɤɭ, ɤɚɥɹ |
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100 ɬɵɫ. ɭ Ƚɨɦɟɥɿ ɿ ɝ. ɞ. ɉɚ ɧɹɩɨʆɧɵɯ ɞɚɞɡɟɧɵɯ, ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ʆ ɥɚɝɟɪɚɯ ɫɦɟɪɰɿ |
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ɡɚɝɿɧɭɥɚ ɤɚɥɹ 1,4 ɦɥɧ. ɠɵɯɚɪɨʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɡ ɿɯ 80 ɬɵɫ. ɞɡɹɰɟɣ. Т |
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Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɹɯ ɧɟ ɦɚɝɥɨ ɚɞɱɭɜɚɰɶ |
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ɫɹɛɟ ʆ ɛɹɫɩɟɰɵ, ɧɚɜɚɬ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɹɱɵɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɿ. ɉɚɜɨɞɥɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɿɤɚ ɲɬɚɛɚ |
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ɜɹɪɯɨʆɧɚɝɚ ɤɚɦɚɧɞɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɟɪɦɚɯɬɚ ȼ. Ʉɟɣɬɷɥɹ ɚɞ 16 ɜɟɪɚɫɧɹ 1941 ɝɨɞɚ ɡ |
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ɦɷɬɚɣ ɩɚɞɚʆɥɟɧɧɹ "ɤɚɦɭɧɿɫɬɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɩɚʆɫɬɚɧɰɤɚɝɚ ɪɭɯɭ" ʆɜɨɞɡɿɥɚɫɹ ɫɿɫɬɷɦɚ |
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ɡɚɥɨɠɧɿɰɬɜɚ, ɝɷɬɚ ɡɧɚɱɵɰɶ, ɡɚ ɤɨɠɧɚɝɚ ɡɚɛɿɬɚɝɚ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɝɚ ɫɚɥɞɚɬɚ, ɚɮɿɰɷɪɚ |
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ɚɛɨ ɫɥɭɠɛɨʆɰɚ ɡɧɿɲɱɚɥɚɫɹ 50 – 100 ɦɹɫɰɨɜɵɯ ɠɵɯɚɪɨʆ. ɇɚɩɪɵɤɥɚɞ, ɭ Ɇɿɧɫɤɭ |
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ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɤɚɦɿɫɚɪɚ |
ɩɚɫɥɹ ɡɚɛɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɚɪɬɵɡɚɧɚɦɿ ɿ ɩɚɞɩɨɥɶɲɱɵɤɚɦɿй |
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Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ȼ. Ʉɭɛɷ ʆɜɨɫɟɧɶ 1943 ɝɨɞɚ ɤɚɪɧɿɤɿ ɡɧɿɲɱɵɥɿ ɧɟɤɚɥɶɤɿ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɠɵɯɚɪɨʆ |
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ɝɨɪɚɞɚ. Ⱥɤɭɩɚɧɬɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɤɚɜɚɥɿ ɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɵɹ |
ɩɚɤɚɪɚɧɧɿ ɫɦɟɪɰɸ ɩɪɚɡ |
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ɩɚɜɟɲɚɧɧɟ, ɞɚ ɬɪɚɩɿʆɲɵɯ ɭ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɹ ɡɚɫɰɟɧɤɿ ʆɠɵɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɡɜɟɪɫɤɿɹ ɤɚɬɚɜɚɧɧɿ. |
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ɉɪɵ ɩɪɚɜɹɞɡɟɧɧɿ ɤɚɪɧɵɯ ɚɩɟɪɚɰɵɣ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɶ |
ɩɚɪɬɵɡɚɧ ɦɿɪɧɵɹ ɠɵɯɚɪɵ |
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ɫɩɚɥɶɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɠɵɜɵɦɿ, ɹɤ ɝɷɬɚоɛɵɥɨ ɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɚ ʆ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɜɺɫɰɵ ɏɚɬɵɧɶ (ɬɚɦ |
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22 ɫɚɤɚɜɿɤɚ 1943 ɝɨɞɚ ɡɚɝɿɧɭɥɚ 149 ɠɵɯɚɪɨʆ, ɭ ɬɵɦ ɥɿɤɭ 75 ɞɡɹɰɟɣ). Ʌɺɫ |
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ɏɚɬɵɧɿ ɩɚʆɬɚɪɵɥɿ ɹɲɱɷ 627 ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɫɺɥ. ɍɫɹɝɨ ɠ ɡɚ ɝɚɞɵ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɿ ɤɚɪɧɿɤɿ |
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ɡɧɿɲɱɵɥɿ ɡɜɵɲ 5295 ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚʆ. |
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Ⱥɫɨɛɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɤɭ ɝɟɧɚɰɵɞɭ ʆɹʆɥɹɟ ɏɚɥɚɤɨɫɬ – ɡɧɿɲɱɷɧɧɟ ɹʆɪɷɣɫɤɚɝɚ |
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ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ. ɉɚɜɨɞɥɟ ɧɚɰɵɫɰɤɚɣ ɬɷɨɪɵɿ ɹʆɪɷɿ ɩɚɞɥɹɝɚɥɿ ɩɨʆɧɚɦɭ ɡɧɿɲɱɷɧɧɸ |
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ɹɤ ɧɟɩɚʆɧɚɜɚɪɬɚɫɧɵ ɿ ɲɤɨɞɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɚɪɵɣɫɤɚɣ ɪɚɫɵ ɧɚɪɨɞ. ɇɚ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ |
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ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɹɯ ɫɬɜɚɪɚɥɿɫɹ ɝɟɬɚ – ɦɟɫɰɵ ɩɪɵɦɭɫɨɜɚɝɚ ʆɬɪɵɦɚɧɧɹ, ɚ ɡɚɬɵɦ ɿ |
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ɡɧɿɲɱɷɧɧɹ ɹʆɪɷɹʆ. |
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Ƚɟɬɚ ʆɹʆɥɹɥɿ ɫɚɛɨɣ ɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɿɹ ɪɚɺɧɵ, ɚɛɧɟɫɟɧɵɹ ɫɰɹɧɨɣ, ɤɭɞɵ |
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еɩɟɪɚɫɹɥɹɥɚɫɹ ʆɫɺ ɹʆɪɷɣɫɤɚɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ. ȼɵɯɚɞ ɡ ɝɟɬɚ ɛɵʆ ɚɛɦɟɠɚɜɚɧɵ, ɹɝɨ |
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ɞɚɡɜɚɥɹɥɚɫɹ ɩɚɤɿɞɚɰɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ʆ ɫɤɥɚɞɡɟ ɫɩɟɰɵɹɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɤɚɧɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɿɯɧɟɛɭɞɡɶ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ɍ ɦɨɦɚɧɬ ɩɟɪɚɫɹɥɟɧɧɹ ɹʆɪɷɿ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɩɚɤɿɧɭɰɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɟɣɲɵɦ ɦɟɫɰɵ ɠɵɯɚɪɫɬɜɚ ʆɫɸ ɫɜɚɸ ɦɚɺɦɚɫɰɶ. ȱɦ ɡɚɝɚɞɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɧɚɲɵɜɚɰɶ ɧɚ ɚɞɡɟɠɭ ɫɩɟɰɵɹɥɶɧɵɹ ɡɧɚɤɿ – ɠɨʆɬɵɹ ɤɪɭɝɿ ɚɛɨ ɲɚɫɰɿɤɚɧɰɨɜɵɹ ɡɨɪɤɿ. ɇɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɝɟɬɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɚɡɛɚʆɥɟɧɚ ɯɚɪɱɨɜɚɝɚ ɡɚɛɟɫɩɹɱɷɧɧɹ, ɡɚɛɚɪɚɧɹɥɿɫɹ ʆɫɟ ɡɧɨɫɿɧɵ ɡ ɜɨɧɤɚɜɵɦ ɦɿɪɚɦ. ɉɚɪɚɞɚɤ ɭ ɝɟɬɚ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɩɚɞɬɪɵɦɥɿɜɚɰɶ
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DZșȎȐȎ 10. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ DZǮDzȉ DzǾȁDZǼǷ ǿȁǿǰdzȀǻǮǷ ǰǮǷǻȉ
ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɵɹ ɡ ɫɚɦɿɯ ɹʆɪɷɹʆ ɫɩɟɰɵɹɥɶɧɵɹ ɫɚɜɟɬɵ – ɸɞɷɧɪɚɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɹʆɪɷɣɫɤɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɩɚɪɚɞɤɭ. ɉɟɪɵɹɞɵɱɧɚ ʆ ɝɟɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɞɡɿɥɿɫɹ ɩɚɝɪɨɦɵ ɿ ɡɚɛɨɣɫɬɜɵ, ɚ ʆ ɤɚɧɱɚɬɤɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɧɿɤɭ ʆɫɟ ɝɟɬɚ ɛɵɥɿ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɜɚɧɵɹ. ɍɫɹɝɨ ʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲ ɡɚ 100 ɝɟɬɚ, ɫɹɪɨɞ ɿɯ ɫɚɦɚɟ ɛɭɣɧɚɟ ʆ ȿʆɪɨɩɟ –
Ɇɿɧɫɤɚɟ ɝɟɬɚ, ɞɡɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɧɿɲɱɚɧɚ ɤɚɥɹ 100 ɬɵɫɹɱ ɹʆɪɷɹʆ. 34 ɬɵɫ. ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤ ɭɬɪɵɦɥɿɜɚɥɚɫɹ ʆ Ȼɪɷɫɰɤɿɦ ɝɟɬɚ, 20 ɬɵɫ. – ɭ ɞɜɭɯ Ȼɚɛɪɭɣɫɤɿɯ, 20 ɬɵɫ. – ɭ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿɦ, 10 ɬɵɫ. ɭ Ȼɚɪɵɫɚʆɫɤɿɦ ɿ ɝ. ɞ. ɍɫɹɝɨ, ɩɚ ɪɨɡɧɵɯ ɞɚɞɡɟɧɵɯ, ɧɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɧɚɲɚɣ ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɧɿɲɱɚɧɚ ɚɞ 400 ɞɚ 800 ɬɵɫ. ɹʆɪɷɹʆ (ɭ ɬɵɦ
ɥɿɤɭ ɿ ɩɪɵɜɟɡɟɧɵɯ ɡ ɟʆɪɚɩɟɣɫɤɿɯ ɤɪɚɿɧ). |
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Ⱥɤɪɚɦɹ ɡɧɿɲɱɷɧɧɹ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɚɝɚ ɥɚɞɭ ɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ, ɚɤɪɚɦɹ ɩɪɚɜɹɞɡɟɧɧɹ |
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ɪɚɫɚɜɚɣ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɿ, ɚɞɧɨɣ ɡ ɧɚɣɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɵɯ ɦɷɬ ɜɚɣɧɵ ɞɥɹ ТȽɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɟ ɪɚɛɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ. Ɋɚɡɜɚɠɚɸɱɵ ɚɛ ɩɥɚɧɟ
"Ȼɚɪɛɚɪɨɫɚ", Ⱥ. Ƚɿɬɥɟɪ ɤɚɡɚʆ: "ɇɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚ ɧɚɩɚɫɰɿ ɧɚ Ɋɚɫɿɸ, ɡɚɯɚɩɿɰɶ ɹɟ
ɪɷɫɭɪɫɵ, ɩɪɵ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɧɟ ɥɿɱɵɰɰɚ ɡ ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚɫɰɸ ɫɦɟɪɰɿНɦɿɥɶɺɧɚʆ ɥɸɞɡɟɣ ɭ ɝɷɬɚɣ ɤɪɚɿɧɟ. ɇɚɦ ɬɪɷɛɚ ʆɡɹɰɶ ɡ Ɋɚɫɿɿ ʆɫɺ, ɲɬɨ ɧɚɦ ɬɪɷɛɚ. ɏɚɣ ɝɿɧɭɰɶ
ɦɿɥɶɺɧɵ". əɝɨ ɩɚɞɬɪɵɦɥɿɜɚʆ ɦɿɧɿɫɬɪ ɩɪɚɩɚɝɚɧɞɵБɃ. Ƚɟɛɟɥɶɫ: "Ƚɷɬɚ ɜɚɣɧɚ ɡɚ ɩɲɚɧɿɰɭ ɿ ɯɥɟɛ, ɡɚ ɛɚɝɚɬɚ ɧɚɤɪɵɬɵ ɫɬɨɥ ɞɚ ɫɧɹɞɚɧɤɭ, ɚɛɟɞɭ ɿ ɜɹɱɷɪɵ, ɜɚɣɧɚ ɡɚ
ɫɵɪɚɜɿɧɭ, ɡɚ ɤɚʆɱɭɤ, ɡɚ ɠɚɥɟɡɚ ɿ ɪɭɞɵ". йɍ ɧɚɣɝɚɥɨʆɧɟɣɲɵɦ ɞɚɤɭɦɟɧɰɟ, ɹɤɿ ɪɷɝɭɥɿɪɚɜɚʆ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɭɸ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɭ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ɧɚ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ, ɬɚɤ
ɡɜɚɧɚɣ "Ɂɹɥɺɧɚɣ ɩɚɩɰɵ", ɝɚɜɚɪɵɥɚɫɹи: "Ⱥɬɪɵɦɚɰɶ ɞɥɹ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ɹɤ ɦɚɝɚ ɛɨɥɶɲ ɯɚɪɱɭ ɿ ɧɚɮɬɵ – ɜɨɫɶ ɝɚɥɨʆɧɚɹ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɹ ɦɷɬɚ ɤɚɦɩɚɧɿɿ. ɇɚɪɚʆɧɟ ɡ ɝɷɬɵɦ
ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɚɣ ɜɚɟɧɧɚɣ ɩɪɚɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɫɰɿорɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ɛɵɰɶ ɞɚɞɡɟɧɵɹ ɿ ɿɧɲɵɹ ɫɵɪɚɜɿɧɧɵɹ ɩɪɚɞɭɤɬɵ ɡ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɚɛɥɚɫɰɟɣ".
ɡɟɦɥɹɦɿ, ɜɵɞɚɬɧɚ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɥɿтɫɜɚɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ȼ. Ʉɭɛɷ ɧɚ ɚɞɧɨɣ ɡ ɧɚɪɚɞ ɭ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɦɿɫɚɪɵɹɰɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɫɤɚɡɚʆ: "Ɇɵ ɩɪɵɣɲɥɿ ʆ ɝɷɬɭɸ ɤɪɚɿɧɭ ɡ
Ɇɹɫɰɨɜɵɹ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɨʆɰɵ, ɩɪɵɡɧɚɱɚɧɵɹ ɤɿɪɚɜɚɰɶ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɵɦɿ
ɚɞɧɨɣ ɞɭɦɤɚɣ: ɤɿɪɚɜɚɰɶ ɺɸ ɿ ʆɫɟ ɹɟ ɜɵɝɚɞɵ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɰɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɣɧɵ ɡ |
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ɍɫɯɨɞɚɦ, ɭɡɹɰɶ ɡ ɹɟ ʆɫɺ ɤɚɪɵɫɧɚɟ, ɲɬɨ ʆ ɹɟ ɺɫɰɶ". |
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ɉɚɞɱɚɫ ɜɚɣɧɵ ɜɟɪɦɚɯɬ ɡɚɯɚɩɿʆ ɫɚɦɵɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɪɚɡɜɿɬɵɹ ɿ ɝɭɫɬɚɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɵɹ |
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еɪɚɺɧɵ ɟʆɪɚɩɟɣɫɤɚɣ ɱɚɫɬɤɿ ɋɋɋɊ: ɭɫɸ ɍɤɪɚɿɧɭ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ, Ɇɚɥɞɚɜɿɸ, ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ ɉɪɵɛɚɥɬɵɤɿ, ɲɦɚɬɥɿɤɿɹ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ ɊɋɎɋɊ, ɞɡɟ ɞɚ ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ɜɚɣɧɵ Рɩɪɚɠɵɜɚɥɚ 84,9 ɦɥɧ. ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤ, ɝɷɬɚ ɡɧɚɱɵɰɶ, 45% ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɋɚɜɟɰɤɚɝɚ ɋɚɸɡɚ. Ɍɭɬ ɜɵɪɚɛɥɹɥɚɫɹ 71% ɱɵɝɭɧɭ, 58% ɫɬɚɥɿ, 57% ɬɪɚɤɬɚɪɨʆ, 57% ɩɪɚɤɚɬɚ ɱɨɪɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɚʆ, ɡɞɚɛɵɜɚɥɚɫɹ 71% ɠɚɥɟɡɧɚɣ ɪɭɞɵ. ɋɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɤɚ ɝɷɬɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɥɹɥɚ 38% ɡɛɨɠɠɚ, ɬɭɬ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɫɹɪɨɞɠɚɧɚ 60% ɭɫɹɝɨ ɩɚɝɚɥɨʆɹ ɫɜɿɧɧɹʆ, 38% ɛɭɣɧɨɣ ɪɚɝɚɬɚɣ ɠɵɜɺɥɵ. ɍ ɰɷɥɵɦ, ɞɚ ɜɚɣɧɵ
ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɹ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ ɞɚɜɚɥɿ 33% ɭɫɺɣ ɜɚɥɚɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɿ ɋɋɋɊ. Ɂɵɯɨɞɡɹɱɵ ɡ ɝɚɥɨʆɧɚɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɵ ɪɚɛɚɜɚɧɧɹ, ɛɭɞɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɿ ʆɫɹ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɹ
ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɚ ɚɤɭɩɚɧɬɚʆ: ɬɵɹ ɝɚɥɿɧɵ ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɤɿ ɿ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɵ, ɹɤɿɹ ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɰɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɬɪɷɛ ɜɨɣɫɤɚ ɿ ɪɷɣɯɚ, ɩɥɚɧɿɪɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɭɫɰɿɰɶ ɭ ɯɨɞ,
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DZșȎȐȎ 10. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ DZǮDzȉ DzǾȁDZǼǷ ǿȁǿǰdzȀǻǮǷ ǰǮǷǻȉ |
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ɭɫɺ ɚɫɬɚɬɧɹɟ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵɰɶ ɡɧɿɲɱɚɧɚ. ɍ "Ɂɹɥɺɧɚɣ ɩɚɩɰɵ" ɚɞɡɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɹ, |
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ɲɬɨ ɰɚɥɤɚɦ ɧɟɞɚɪɷɱɧɚɟ ɦɟɪɤɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɚɛ ɬɵɦ, ɲɬɨ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɹ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ |
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ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ɛɵɰɶ ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚ ɯɭɬɱɷɣ ɩɪɵɜɟɞɡɟɧɵ ʆ ɩɚɪɚɞɚɤ, ɚ ɷɤɚɧɨɦɿɤɚ ɿɯ |
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ɚɞɧɨʆɥɟɧɚ. |
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Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɤɚɧɤɪɷɬɧɵɹ ʆɹʆɥɟɧɧɿ ɚɛ ɦɟɬɚɞɚɯ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɣ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɣ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɿ |
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ɩɚ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɧɧɸ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɟɪɚɞ ɩɚɱɚɬɤɚɦ ɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɡɟɹɧɧɹʆ |
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ɛɵɥɿ ɜɟɥɶɦɿ ɪɚɫɩɥɵʆɱɚɬɵɦɿ. ȱɫɧɚɜɚɥɿ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ʆɫɬɚɧɨʆɤɿ ɚɝɭɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɭ, |
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ɹɤɿɹ ɜɵɧɿɤɚɸɰɶ ɡ ɤɚɧɰɷɩɰɵɿ "ɛɥɿɰɤɪɵɝɚ". Ⱦɷɬɚɥɺɜɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɚɰɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɚʆ |
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ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɵɯ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ ɿ ɝɚɥɿɧ ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɤɿ ɋɋɋɊ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ. |
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ɉɵɬɚɧɧɹɦɿ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɝɚ ɩɥɚɧɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɱɚɝɚ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɧɧɹ |
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ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɟɪɤɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɡɚɧɹɰɰɚ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɩɚɫɩɹɯɨɜɚɝɚ ɡɚɜɹɪɲɷɧɧɹ |
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ɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɡɟɹɧɧɹʆ. Ⱥɥɟ |
ɩɪɚɜɚɥ ɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɚʆ |
Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ɿТɩɟɪɚʆɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɟ |
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ɜɚɣɧɵ ɡ "ɦɚɥɚɧɤɚɜɚɣ" ɭ ɡɚɰɹɠɧɭɸ ɩɪɵɜɹɥɿ ɞɚ ɤɚɪɷɤɰɵɿ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɣ |
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ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɚɣ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɿ ɧɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɋɋɋɊ. ɍ ɜɵɧɿɤɭ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ʆɥɚɞɵ |
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ɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɚɹ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɹ ɛɵɥɿ ɜɵɦɭɲɚɧɵ, ɚɤɪɚɦɹ |
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ɚɞɤɪɵɬɚɝɚ |
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ɪɚɛɚɜɚɧɧɹ |
ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ, |
ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɰɶ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ |
ɿ |
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ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɵɹ ɦɟɬɚɞɵ ɿ ɪɵɱɚɝɿ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɶ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɣ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɿ |
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ɮɚɲɵɫɰɤɚɣ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ɧɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɋɋɋɊ ɭ ɰɷɥɵɦ ɿ ʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ʆ ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɚɫɰɿ |
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ɚɞ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɧɟ ɡɦɹɧɿɥɚɫɹ. Ƚɷɬɚɹ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɚйɡ ɩɟɪɲɚɝɚ ɞɚ ɚɩɨɲɧɹɝɚ ɞɧɹ ɛɵɥɚ |
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ɪɚɛɚʆɧɿɰɤɚɣ, ɤɚɥɚɧɿɡɚɬɚɪɫɤɚɣ ɿ ɩɪɚɫɥɟɞɜɚɥɚ ɚɞɡɿɧɭɸ ɦɷɬɭ – ɭɡɦɨɰɧɟɧɭɸ |
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ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɵɸ ʆɫɿɯ ɫɵɪɚɜɿɧɧɵɯ, ɯɚɪɱɨɜɵɯ ɿ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵɯ ɪɷɫɭɪɫɚʆ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɵɯ |
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ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ. |
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т |
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Ⱦɥɹ |
ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɱɚɝɚ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɚɣ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ |
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ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɚɝɚ |
ɹɲɱɷ ɩɟɪɚɞ оɩɚɱɚɬɤɚɦ ɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɡɟɹɧɧɹʆ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɝɚ ɲɬɚɛɚ |
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"Ɉɥɶɞɷɧɛɭɪɝ", ɹɤɿ ɩɚɞɩɚɪɚɞɤɨʆɜɚʆɫɹ Ƚ. Ƚɟɪɵɧɝɭ ɹɤ ɭɩɚʆɧɚɜɚɠɚɧɚɦɭ ɩɚ |
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ɩɪɚɜɹɞɡɟɧɧɸ ɱɚɬɵɪɨɯɝɚɞɨɜɚɝɚ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɝɚ ɪɚɡɜɿɰɰɹ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ, ɛɵʆ |
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ɲɬɚɛ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɝɚ ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ (ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɱɵ ɲɬɚɛ |
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ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɜɚɧɵ ʆɫɯɨɞɧɿ |
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"ɍɫɯɨɞ"). |
Ȭɧ ɤɿɪɚɜɚʆ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɸ ɪɷɣɯɫɤɚɦɿɫɚɪɚʆ ɿ ɩɚɞɩɚɪɚɞɤɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɿɦ |
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ɨɪɝɚɧɚʆ ɭ ɚɛɥɚɫɰɹɯ, ɩɟɪɚɞɚɞɡɟɧɵɯ ɩɚɞ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧɫɤɚɟ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɟ ɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɟ. |
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Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɹɲɱɷ ɞɚ ɩɪɵɯɨɞɭ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧɫɤɿɯ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɵɯ ɭɥɚɞ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɟ |
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ɪɚɛɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɞɡɿɥɿ ɜɚɟɧɧɵɹ ɱɚɫɰɿ ɜɟɪɦɚɯɬɚ. ɉɪɵ |
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ɝɚɥɨʆɧɵɦ ɲɬɚɛɟ ʆɡɛɪɨɟɧɵɯ ɫɿɥ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɚ “Ʉɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɜɚɟɧɧɚɣ |
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ɷɤɚɧɨɦɿɤɚɣ ɿ ɚɛɫɬɚɥɹɜɚɧɧɟɦ”. əɦɭ ɩɚɞɩɚɪɚɞɤɨʆɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɵɹɥɶɧɵɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɚ |
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еɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɦɭ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɧɧɸ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɰɟ ɿ ʆ ɡɨɧɟ |
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ɬɵɥɭ: ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɵɹ ɚɞɞɡɟɥɵ, ɚɮɿɰɷɪɵ – ɭɩɚʆɧɚɜɚɠɚɧɵɹ ɩɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɚɣ |
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ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɰɵ ɩɪɵ ɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɞɵɜɿɡɿɣ, ɩɚɥɤɨʆ ɿ ɛɚɬɚɥɶɺɧɚʆ. ɍ ɬɵɥɚɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɝɪɭɩɵ |
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ɚɪɦɿɣ ɫɬɜɚɪɚɥɚɫɹ ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɱɚɹ ɿɧɫɩɟɤɰɵɹ, ɹɤɚɹ ɤɿɪɚɜɚɥɚ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɸ |
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ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɱɵɯ ɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɹʆ ɿ ɤɚɦɚɧɞ ɩɪɵ ɚɯɨʆɧɵɯ ɞɵɜɿɡɿɹɯ. |
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əɤ ɚɞɡɧɚɱɚɥɫɹ, ɩɚɞɪɚɛɹɡɧɵɹ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɵɿ ɚɛ ɬɵɦ, ɹɤ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɰɶ |
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ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɵ |
ɩɚɬɷɧɰɵɹɥ |
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ɫɚɜɟɰɤɿɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ, ɛɵɥɿ ɪɚɫɩɪɚɰɚɜɚɧɵ ɹɲɱɷ |
ɞɚ |
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DZșȎȐȎ 10. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ DZǮDzȉ DzǾȁDZǼǷ ǿȁǿǰdzȀǻǮǷ ǰǮǷǻȉ |
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ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɡɟɹɧɧɹʆ ɿ ʆɜɚɣɲɥɿ ʆ "Ⱦɵɪɷɤɬɵɜɵ ɩɚ ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɭ |
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ɷɤɚɧɨɦɿɤɚɣ ɭ ɡɧɨʆ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɯɨɞɧɿɯ ɚɛɥɚɫɰɹɯ" (ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɚɹ "Ɂɹɥɺɧɚɹ |
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ɩɚɩɤɚ"). ɉɚɡɧɟɣ, ɭ 1942 ɝɨɞɡɟ, ɛɵʆ ɩɚɞɪɵɯɬɚɜɚɧɵ ɹɲɱɷ ɚɞɡɿɧ ɞɚɤɭɦɟɧɬ – |
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"Ʉɚɪɵɱɧɟɜɚɹ ɩɚɩɤɚ" ("ɉɚɩɤɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɚɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɱɚɝɚ ɮɸɪɷɪɚ"), ɭ ɹɤɨɣ |
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ɭɬɪɵɦɥɿɜɚɥɿɫɹ ʆɤɚɡɚɧɧɿ ɩɚ ɜɹɞɡɟɧɧɸ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɚɣ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɿ. |
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Ⱥɝɭɥɶɧɵɹ ʆɤɚɡɚɧɧɿ ɚɞɧɨɫɧɚ ɩɪɚɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɫɰɿ ɋɋɋɊ ɡɜɨɞɡɿɥɿɫɹ ɞɚ ɬɚɝɨ, |
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ɲɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɵɥɵɯ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɿɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɹɯ ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɟɫɰɿ ɞɷɿɧɞɭɫɬɪɵɹɥɿɡɚɰɵɸ. |
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ɉɚɞɥɹɝɚɥɿ ɡɚɯɚɜɚɧɧɸ ɚɛɨ ɚɞɧɚʆɥɟɧɧɸ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɵ ɡɞɚɛɵɜɚɸɱɚɣ |
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ɝɚɥɿɧɵ, |
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɵɤɿ |
ɿ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɵ |
ɩɚ |
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ɩɟɪɲɚɫɧɚɣ |
ɚɩɪɚɰɨʆɰɵ |
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ɫɟɥɶɝɚɫɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɿ. Ȼɭɣɧɵɹ ɡɚɜɨɞɵ ɦɚɲɵɧɚɛɭɞɚʆɧɿɱɚɝɚ, ɦɟɬɚɥɭɪɝɿɱɧɚɝɚ ɿ |
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ɿɧɲɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɿɥɹʆ, ɹɤɿɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɥɿ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɬɷɯɧɚɥɚɝɿɱɧɭɸ ɤɚɧɱɚɬɤɨɜɭɸ |
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ɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɸ, ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɛɵɰɶ ɡɧɿɲɱɚɧɵ, |
ɚ ɿɯ ɚɛɫɬɚɥɹɜɚɧɧɟТ, ɡɚɩɚɫɵ |
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ɫɵɪɚɜɿɧɵ ɿ ɝɚɬɨɜɚɣ ɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɿ ɜɵɜɟɡɟɧɵ ʆ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɸ. |
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ɇɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɚɫɧɨʆɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɭ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɥɿ |
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ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɵ ɥɺɝɤɚɣ, ɯɚɪɱɨɜɚɣ ɿ ɞɪɷɜɚɚɩɪɚɰɨʆɱɚɣ ɩɪɚɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɫɰɿ. ɑɚɫɬɤɚ ɡ |
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ɿɯ, ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚ ʆ ɡɚɯɨɞɧɿɯ ɿ ɰɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɺɧɚɯ ȻɋɋɊ, ɞɡɟ ɧɟ ɩɚɫɩɟɥɿ ɩɪɚɜɟɫɰɿ |
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ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɵɸ, ɞɚɫɬɚɥɚɫɹ ɜɨɪɚɝɭ. ɇɚ ʆɫɯɨɞɡɟ ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ ɚɛɫɬɚɥɹɜɚɧɧɟ, ɫɵɪɚɜɿɧɚ ɿ |
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ɚɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɵ ɩɟɪɫɚɧɚɥ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɫɰɿ ɛɭɣɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɨɞɚʆ ɩɚɫɩɟɥɿ ɜɵɜɟɡɰɿ ʆ ɬɵɥ. |
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ɍ ɩɟɪɲɵɹ ɦɟɫɹɰɵ ɚɤɭɩɚɧɬɚɦ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɹйɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɜɚɰɶ ɩɪɚɰɭ ɚɫɨɛɧɵɯ |
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ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ. ɉɪɵ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɛɭɣɧɵɹ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɿɫɹ ɩɚɞ |
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ɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɟɦ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɯ ɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ ɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧɫɤɿɯ ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɱɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚʆ, ɚ ɫɹɪɷɞɧɿɹ |
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ɿ ɞɪɨɛɧɵɹ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɚɞɞɚɞɡɟɧɵ ʆ ɜɟɞɚɦɫɬɜɚ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɚɣ |
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ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɿ. |
ɍ ɩɟɪɲɭɸ ɱɚɪɝɭ ɚɞɧɚʆɥɹɥɿɫɹ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɵ, ɲɬɨ |
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ɡɚɛɹɫɩɟɱɜɚɥɿ ɩɪɚɰɭ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɚɝɚоɫɟɤɬɚɪɚ, ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɨʆɜɚɥɿ ɡɚɛɟɫɩɹɱɷɧɧɟ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɝɚ |
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ɜɨɣɫɤɚ ɩɪɚɞɦɟɬɚɦɿ ɫɩɚɠɵɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɚɦɭɧɿɰɵɹɣ (ɝɚɪɛɚɪɧɵɹ, ɦɟɬɚɥɚɚɩɪɚɰɨʆɱɵɹ, |
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ɬɷɤɫɬɵɥɶɧɵɹ), ɪɚɦɨɧɬɧɵɹ ɿ ɤɚɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɵɹ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɵ. ȼɹɥɿɤɭɸ ʆɜɚɝɭ |
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ɧɟɦɰɵ ɧɚɞɚɜɚɥɿ ɬɨɪɮɚɪɚɫɩɪɚɰɨʆɤɚɦ ɿ ɥɟɫɚɚɩɪɚɰɨʆɱɵɦ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚɦ, ɛɨ |
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ɦɟɧɚɜɿɬɚ ɝɷɬɵɹ ɩɪɵɪɨɞɧɵɹ ɛɚɝɚɰɰɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ʆɹʆɥɹɥɿ ɞɥɹ ɿɯ ɜɟɥɿɡɚɪɧɭɸ |
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ɰɿɤɚɜɚɫɰɶ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɝɷɬɵɹ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɿɫɹ ɡɚ ɦɟɠɚɦɿ ɝɚɪɚɞɨʆ ɿ ɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ |
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ɝɚɪɧɿɡɨɧɚʆ ɡɚɯɨɩɧɿɤɚʆ, ɭ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɚɣ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɚɫɰɿ, ɹɤɚɹ ɤɚɧɬɪɚɥɿɪɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ |
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ɩɚɪɬɵɡɚɧɚɦɿ, ɲɬɨ ɜɟɥɶɦɿ ɩɟɪɚɲɤɚɞɠɚɥɚ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɱɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɰɷɫɭ. |
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Ⱦɚ ɜɨɫɟɧɿ 1941 ɝɨɞɚ ʆ Ɇɿɧɫɤɭ ɞɡɟɣɧɿɱɚɥɚ ɩɚɞ ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚɦ ɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɚ |
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ɤɚɦɿɫɚɪɵɹɬɚ ɿ ɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɵ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɲ 73 ɛɭɣɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ. Ⱦɚ |
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еɤɪɚɫɚɜɿɤɚ |
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1943 |
ɝɨɞɚ |
ɤɨɥɶɤɚɫɰɶ ɩɪɚɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ |
ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ |
ɭ ɝɨɪɚɞɡɟ |
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ɩɚɜɹɥɿɱɵɥɚɫɹ: ɬɭɬ ɩɪɚɰɚɜɚɥɚ ʆɠɨ ɤɚɥɹ 140 ɛɭɣɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ, ɭ ɬɵɦ ɥɿɤɭ 20 ɦɟɬɚɥɭɪɝɿɱɧɵɯ, 14 ɬɷɤɫɬɵɥɶɧɵɯ ɿ ɝɚɪɛɚɪɧɵɯ, 15 ɰɷɥɸɥɨɡɧɚɩɚɩɹɪɨɜɵɯ ɿ ɩɚɥɿɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɵɯ, 41 ɛɭɞɚʆɧɿɱɚɟ, 21 ɬɪɚɧɫɩɚɪɬɧɚɟ, 6 ɞɪɷɜɚɚɩɪɚɰɨʆɱɵɯ, 7 ɯɿɦɿɱɧɵɯ ɿ ɛɭɞɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɚʆ, 13 ɯɚɪɱɨɜɵɯ, 3 ɷɥɟɤɬɪɚɫɬɚɧɰɵɿ; ɚɤɪɚɦɹ ɬɚɝɨ, ɞɡɟɣɧɿɱɚɥɚ 180 ɪɨɡɧɵɯ ɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ ɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧɫɤɿɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨʆ.
175
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DZșȎȐȎ 10. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ DZǮDzȉ DzǾȁDZǼǷ ǿȁǿǰdzȀǻǮǷ ǰǮǷǻȉ |
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ɍ Ɇɿɧɫɤɚɣ |
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ɚɤɪɭɡɟ |
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ʆ |
ɫɧɟɠɧɿ |
1941 ɝɨɞɚ |
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ɞɡɟɣɧɿɱɚɥɚ ʆɫɹɝɨ |
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165 ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ, ɡ ɿɯ 81 (49%) ɦɥɵɧɨʆ; 21 (12,7%) – ɫɦɚɥɹɪɧɹ; 14 (8,5%) |
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– ɦɚɣɫɬɷɪɧɹʆ ɿ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ ɩɚ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ɩɪɚɞɦɟɬɚʆ |
ɫɩɚɠɵɜɚɧɧɹ; |
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13 (7,9%) – ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ ɯɚɪɱɨɜɚɣ ɝɚɥɿɧɵ; 12 (7,2%) ɥɟɫɚɚɩɪɚɰɨʆɱɵɯ |
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ɜɵɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɹʆ; |
10 |
(6%) |
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ɬɨɪɮɡɚɜɨɞɚʆ; |
7 |
(4,2%) – ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ |
ɩɚ |
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ɜɵɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ɛɭɞɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɚʆ; 6 (3,6%) – ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ ɤɚɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɚɣ |
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ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɤɿ; 1 (0,6%) – ɞɪɭɤɚɪɧɹ. |
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Ⱦɚ 1 ɤɚɫɬɪɵɱɧɿɤɚ 1942 ɝɨɞɚ ʆ Ɇɚɝɿɥɺɜɟ ɧɚɥɿɱɜɚɥɚɫɹ 35 ɚɞɧɨɫɧɚ ɛɭɣɧɵɯ |
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ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ, ɡ ɹɤɿɯ 10 (28,6%) ɚɞɧɨɫɿɥɿɫɹ ɞɚ ɯɚɪɱɨɜɚɣ ɝɚɥɿɧɵ, 7 (20%) ɞɚ |
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ɦɟɬɚɥɚɚɩɪɚɰɨʆɱɚɣ, 4 (11,4%) ɞɚ |
ɞɪɷɜɚɚɩɪɚɰɨʆɱɚɣ, 3 |
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(8,6%) |
ɞɚ ɯɿɦɿɱɧɚɣ, |
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2 (5,7%) ɞɚ ɬɷɤɫɬɵɥɶɧɚɣ; ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ʆ ɝɷɬɵ ɥɿɤ ɭɤɥɸɱɚɧɵ 4 ɰɚɝɟɥɶɧɿ, 4 ɥɚɡɧɿ. |
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ɍ Ȼɚɪɵɫɚɜɟ ʆ ɤɚɧɰɵ 1942 – ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ 1943 ɝɝ. ɭ ɪɚɫɩɚɪɚɞɠɷɧɧɿТɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ |
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ɭɥɚɞ |
ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɿɫɹ |
ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɵɹ |
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ɞɪɷɜɚɚɩɪɚɰɨʆɱɵɹ |
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ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɵ: |
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(2 ɥɟɫɚɡɚɜɨɞɵ, |
ɮɚɧɟɪɧɵ |
ɡɚɜɨɞ, |
ɡɚɩɚɥɤɚɜɚɹ |
ɮɚɛɪɵɤɚ, |
ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚ |
ɩɚ |
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ɜɵɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ɲɩɚɥ, ɩɿɹɧɿɧɧɚɹ ɮɚɛɪɵɤɚ), ɯɚɪɱɨɜɵɹ (ɦɚɪɦɟɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɮɚɛɪɵɤɚ, |
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ɛɭɥɶɛɹɧɵ ɡɚɜɨɞ, |
ɫɭɲɡɚɜɨɞ, |
ɮɚɛɪɵɤɚ ɥɿɦɚɧɚɞɧɚ-ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ), ɝɚɧɱɚɪɧɵ |
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ɡɚɜɨɞ, ɦɵɥɚɜɚɪɧɵ ɡɚɜɨɞ, ɮɚɛɪɵɤɚ ɩɚ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ɤɨɥɚʆ, ɲɤɥɨɡɚɜɨɞ, |
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ɲɤɿɩɿɞɚɪɚɜɵ ɡɚɜɨɞ, ɥɹɦɰɚɜɚɹ ɦɚɣɫɬɷɪɧɹ, ɜɵɬɜɨɪɱɵɹ ɦɚɣɫɬɷɪɧɿ ɜɚɥɺɧɚɱɧɵɯ ɿ |
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ɜɹɪɨɜɚɱɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɚʆ, ɜɚɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɪɭɤɚɪɧɹ. й |
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ɍɫɹɝɨ ʆ 1942 ɝɨɞɡɟ ɧɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɚɤɪɚɦɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɰɟɣ, ɭɤɥɸɱɚɧɵɯ |
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ɭ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥ-ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɞɡɟɣɧɿɱɚɥɚ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɲ 800 ɛɭɣɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ, |
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ɧɚ ɹɤɿɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɚ ɛɨɥɶɲ 150 ɬɵɫ. ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤ. |
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ɇɹɝɥɟɞɡɹɱɵ ɧɚ ɬɨɟ, ɲɬɨ ɩɪɚɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɹ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɵ ʆ ɝɚɞɵ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɿ |
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ɛɵɥɿ |
ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɚ |
ɚɞɧɨʆɥɟɧɵо, ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɦɿɡɷɪɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɿ, ɹɤɚɹ |
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ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɥɚɫɹ ɿɦɿ, ɞɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɚ ɞɚ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɚɝɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ, ɛɨɥɶɲɚɫɰɶ |
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ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɨʆɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɬɪɷɛɵ ɜɟɪɦɚɯɬɚ. ɋɬɚɧɨɜɿɲɱɚ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɟɥɶɦɿ |
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ɰɹɠɤɿɦ. ɉɚɛɨɿ, ɲɬɪɚɮɵ, ɩɚɜɹɥɿɱɚɧɵ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵ ɞɡɟɧɶ (ɩɚ 12 ɿ ɛɨɥɶɲ ɝɚɞɡɿɧ), |
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ɚɞɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɶ ɩɪɵɞɚɬɧɵɯ ɭɦɨʆ ɩɪɚɰɵ – ɜɨɫɶ ɞɚɥɺɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɨʆɧɵ ɩɟɪɚɥɿɤ ɩɪɚɛɥɟɦ, |
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ɡ ɹɤɿɦɿ ɫɭɬɵɤɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɚɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ. |
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Ɂ ɩɪɚɩɚɝɚɧɞɵɫɰɤɚɣ ɦɷɬɚɣ ɚɤɭɩɚɧɬɚɦɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɚɡɜɨɥɟɧɚ ɫɜɚɛɨɞɧɚɟ |
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ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɣɦɚɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɿ ɪɚɦɟɫɧɚɹ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɶ. Ⱥɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɚɹ ɩɪɷɫɚ ɿ |
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ɩɪɚɩɚɝɚɧɞɵɫɬɵ ʆ ɫɜɚɿɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɧɹɯ ɡɚʆɫɺɞɵ ɩɚɞɤɪɷɫɥɿɜɚɥɿ, ɲɬɨ ʆɜɹɞɡɟɧɧɟ |
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ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɚɣ ɭɥɚɫɧɚɫɰɿ ɿ ɜɨɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɣɦɚɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ |
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ɡ'ɹʆɥɹɟɰɰɚ |
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е"ɧɚɣɜɹɥɿɤɲɚɣ ɜɵɝɚɞɚɣ" ɞɥɹ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ, ɩɟɪɲɵɦ ɤɪɨɤɚɦ ɧɚ ɲɥɹɯɭ ʆ |
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"ɇɨɜɭɸ ȿʆɪɨɩɭ ɩɚɞ ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚɦ ɜɹɥɿɤɚɝɚ ɮɸɪɷɪɚ Ⱥɞɨɥɶɮɚ Ƚɿɬɥɟɪɚ". ɇɟɤɚɬɨɪɵɹ ɤɚɥɚɛɚɪɚɰɵɹɧɿɫɰɤɿɹ ɝɚɡɟɬɵ, ɤɚɥɿ ɪɚɫɤɚɡɜɚɥɿ ɩɪɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɲɱɚ ɡ ɪɚɦɹɫɬɜɨɦ ɭ ɝɚɪɚɞɚɯ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɧɚɜɚɬ ɭɠɵɜɚɥɿ ɬɚɤɿɹ ɜɵɪɚɡɵ, ɹɤ "ɪɨɫɤɜɿɬ ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɱɚɝɚ ɿ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɚɝɚ ɠɵɰɰɹ". Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɰɵ ʆɫɺ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɭɫɿɦ ɿɧɚɤɲ. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɤɭ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɣɦɚɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚɦ ɰɿ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɵɦ ɪɚɦɹɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɚɬɪɵɦɚɰɶ ɭ ɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɚɛɨ ɪɚɺɧɧɚɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɟ ɩɚɬɷɧɬ, ɤɨɲɬ ɹɤɨɝɚ
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DZșȎȐȎ 10. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ DZǮDzȉ DzǾȁDZǼǷ ǿȁǿǰdzȀǻǮǷ ǰǮǷǻȉ
ɡɚɥɟɠɵʆ ɚɞ ɜɿɞɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɚ ɿ ʆ ɧɟɤɚɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɚɫɰɹɯ ɞɚɯɨɞɡɿʆ ɞɚ 500 ɪɭɛɥɺʆ (ɫɹɪɷɞɧɹɹ ɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɚ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɚɝɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɡɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɥɚ 300 – 400 ɪɭɛɥɺʆ). Ⱥɤɪɚɦɹ ɬɚɝɨ, ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɣɦɚɥɶɧɿɤɿ ɩɥɚɰɿɥɿ ɜɹɥɿɤɭɸ ɤɨɥɶɤɚɫɰɶ ɩɚɞɚɬɤɚʆ, ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɿɫɹ ɩɚɞ ɩɿɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɭɥɚɞ ɿ ʆ ɥɸɛɵ ɦɨɦɚɧɬ ɦɚɝɥɿ ɩɚɡɛɚɜɿɰɰɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɚɤ ɪɚɦɹɫɬɜɨɦ. ɑɚɫɬɤɭ ɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɿ ɩɚ ɮɿɤɫɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɦ ɿ, ɜɿɞɚɜɨɱɧɚ, ɩɪɵɧɿɠɚɧɵɦ ɭ
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ɩɚɪɚʆɧɚɧɧɿ ɡ ɪɵɧɤɚɜɵɦ ɤɨɲɬɚɦ ɫɚɦɚɬɭɠɧɿɤɿ |
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У |
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ɚɛɚɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɡɞɚɜɚɰɶ |
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ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɵɦ ɭɥɚɞɚɦ. |
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ɋɹɪɨɞ ɪɚɦɟɫɧɿɤɚʆ ɩɟɪɚɜɚɠɚɥɿ |
ɲɚʆɰɵ ɿ ɤɪɚʆɰɵ, ɛɨ ɦɟɧɚɜɿɬɚ ɚɛɭɬɚɤ ɿ |
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ɜɨɩɪɚɬɤɚ ɜɚ ʆɦɨɜɚɯ ɜɚɣɫɤɨɜɚɝɚ ɱɚɫɭ ʆɹʆɥɹɥɿ |
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ɧɚɣɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɤɚɲɬɨʆɧɚɫɰɶ. |
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ɇɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚ ɚɞɡɧɚɱɵɰɶ ɚɞɧɨɫɧɚ ɜɹɥɿɤɭɸ ɤɨɥɶɤɚɫɰɶ ɮɚɬɚɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɣɫɬɷɪɧɹʆ |
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(ɜɵɪɚɛɥɹɥɿ ɮɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɚɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ) ɿ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ ɯɚɪɱɚɜɚɧɧɹ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɰɷɧɵ ʆ |
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ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɵɯ ɝɚɧɞɥɹɪɨʆ, ɫɬɚɥɨɜɵɯ ɿ ɪɷɫɬɚɪɚɧɚɯ, ɹɤɿɹ ɡɚɤɭɩɥɹɥɿТɩɪɚɞɭɤɬɵ ɧɚ |
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ɪɵɧɤɭ ɩɚ ɤɚɦɟɪɰɵɣɧɵɦ ɤɨɲɰɟ, ɛɵɥɿ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚ ɧɟɞɚɫɹɝɚɥɶɧɵɦɿ ɞɥɹ |
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ɠɵɯɚɪɨʆ. ɇɚɩɪɵɤɥɚɞ, ɧɚ Ɇɚɝɿɥɺʆɫɤɿɦ ɪɵɧɤɭ ʆ ɠɧɿʆɧɿ 1942 ɝɨɞɚ ɤɨɲɬ ɯɥɟɛɚ |
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ɜɚɝɚʆɫɹ ʆ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɚɞ 50 ɞɚ 70 ɪɭɛɥɺʆ ɡɚ ɤɿɥɚɝɪɚɦ, ɛɭɥɶɛɵ – ɚɞ 50 ɞɚ 200 ɪɭɛ. |
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ɉɪɵ ɫɹɪɷɞɧɿɯ ɡɚɪɨɛɤɚɯ ɭ 300 – 400 ɪɭɛɥɺʆ ɿ ɩɪɵ ɚɞɩɚɜɟɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɰɷɧɤɚɯ ɦɚɥɚ |
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ɯɬɨ ɦɨɝ ɞɚɡɜɨɥɿɰɶ ɫɚɛɟ ɩɚɞɨɛɧɚɟ ɫɿɥɤɚɜɚɧɧɟ. ɍ ɚɫɧɨʆɧɵɦ ɪɷɫɬɚɪɚɧɵ ɧɚɜɟɞɜɚɥɿ |
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ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɹ ɚɮɿɰɷɪɵ ɿ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɩɚɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɵɹ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧɫɤɿɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɨʆɰɵ (ɭ ɬɵɦ ɥɿɤɭ |
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ɿ ɡ ɤɚɥɚɛɚɪɚɰɵɹɧɿɫɰɤɚɝɚ ɚɤɬɵɜɭ). |
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ɇɹɝɥɟɞɡɹɱɵ ɧɚ ɜɹɥɿɤɭɸ ɤɨɥɶɤɚɫɰɶ ɫɚɦɚɬɭɠɧɿɤɚʆ-ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɣɦɚɥɶɧɿɤɚʆ |
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(ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ʆ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɣ ɚɤɪɭɡɟ "Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ" ɭ ɤɪɚɫɚɜɿɤɭ 1943 ɝɨɞɚ ɿɯ ɧɚɥɿɱɜɚɥɚɫɹ |
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ɛɨɥɶɲ 5 ɬɵɫɹɱ), ɿɯ ɪɷɚɥɶɧɵ ʆɤɥɚɞ ɭ ɡɚɛɟɫɩɹɱɷɧɧɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɵɦɿ |
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ɬɚɜɚɪɚɦɿ ɿ ɩɚɫɥɭɝɚɦɿ ɛɵʆ ɧɟɜɹɥɿɤɿɦ. Ʉɨɥɶɤɚɫɰɶ ɪɚɦɟɫɧɿɤɚʆ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ |
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ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɥɚ оʆ ɪɨɡɧɵɹ ɩɟɪɵɹɞɵ ɿ ʆ ɪɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɚɫɰɹɯ |
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ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɚɣ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɚɞ 0,3 ɞɚ 1,8%. ɇɚɜɚɬ ɡ ɭɥɿɤɚɦ ɧɹɩɨʆɧɚɫɰɿ ɞɚɞɡɟɧɵɯ ɿ |
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ɩɪɵɛɥɿɡɧɚɫɰɿ ɩɚɞɥɿɤɚʆ ɿɯ ɤɨɥɶɤɚɫɰɶ ɧɟ ɦɚɝɥɚ ɩɟɪɚɜɵɲɚɰɶ 3%. Ɂɪɚɡɭɦɟɥɚ, |
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ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɵɹ ɪɚɦɟɫɧɵɹ ɦɚɣɫɬɷɪɧɿ ɧɟ ɦɚɝɥɿ ɡɚɛɹɫɩɟɱɵɰɶ ɧɚɜɚɬ ɦɿɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɵɹ |
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ɡɚɩɚɬɪɚɛɚɜɚɧɧɿ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ, ɩɚɤɨɥɶɤɿ ɿɯ ɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɣɧɚɫɰɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɟɥɶɦɿ ɧɿɡɤɚɣ. |
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Ⱥɞɧɵɦ ɡ ɧɚɣɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɹʆ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɭɩɚɧɬɚʆ ɛɵɥɨ ɯɚɪɱɨɜɚɟ |
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ɡɚɛɟɫɩɹɱɷɧɧɟ ɫɜɚɣɝɨ ɜɨɣɫɤɚ ɿ ɪɷɣɯɚ. ɇɚ ɩɪɚɰɹɝɭ ʆɫɹɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ, ɩɚɤɭɥɶ ɜɟɪɦɚɯɬ |
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о |
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ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿʆɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɋɋɋɊ, ɹɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɫɩɹɱɷɧɧɟ ɚɠɵɰɰɹʆɥɹɥɚɫɹ ɡɚ ɤɨɲɬ |
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ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ. ɍ |
ɚɪɦɿɸ ɡ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ɩɚɫɬɚʆɥɹɥɿɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɬɵɹ |
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ɩɪɚɞɭɤɬɵ, ɹɤɿɹ ɧɟ ɦɚɝɥɿ ɛɵɰɶ ɜɵɪɚɛɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɰɵ (ɧɚɩɪɵɤɥɚɞ, ɤɚɜɚ ɿ |
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еɲɚɤɚɥɚɞ). Ⱦɥɹ ɬɚɝɨ, ɤɚɛ ɡɚɛɹɫɩɟɱɵɰɶ ɡɛɨɪ ɭɪɚɞɠɚɹ ʆɜɨɫɟɧɶ 1941 ɝɨɞɚ, |
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Р |
ɚɤɭɩɚɧɬɵ ɡɚɯɚɜɚɥɿ ɫɿɫɬɷɦɭ ɤɚɥɝɚɫɚʆ, ɯɨɰɶ ɭ ɩɪɚɩɚɝɚɧɞɵɫɰɤɿɯ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɚɯ |
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ɫɰɜɹɪɞɠɚɥɿ, ɲɬɨ ɩɪɵɧɟɫɥɿ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɦɭ ɫɹɥɹɧɫɬɜɭ ɜɨɥɸ ɚɞ ɫɬɚɥɿɧɫɤɚɣ |
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ɤɚɥɝɚɫɧɚɣ ɫɿɫɬɷɦɵ. Ȼɵɥɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɿɯ ɧɚɡɜɚ ɧɚ "ɚɛɲɱɵɧɧɵ (ɝɪɚɦɚɞɫɤɿ) ɞɜɨɪ".
Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɞɚ ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ 1942 ɝɨɞɚ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɡɪɚɡɭɦɟɥɚ, ɲɬɨ ɜɚɣɧɚ ɩɪɵɧɹɥɚ ɡɚɰɹɠɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪ, ɬɚɦɭ ɩɚʆɫɬɚɥɚ ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚɫɰɶ ɭ ɩɪɵɰɹɝɧɟɧɧɿ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ
177
DZșȎȐȎ 10. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ DZǮDzȉ DzǾȁDZǼǷ ǿȁǿǰdzȀǻǮǷ ǰǮǷǻȉ
ɫɹɥɹɧ ɞɚ ɞɨɛɪɚɚɯɜɨɬɧɚɝɚ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɡ ɧɟɦɰɚɦɿ ʆ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɚɩɪɚɰɨʆɤɿ ɡɹɦɥɿ ɿ ɩɚɫɬɚɜɚɤ ɫɟɥɶɝɚɫɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɿ. Ⱦɥɹ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɜɹɫɧɨɣ 1942 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɣ ɚɤɪɭɝɿ "Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ" ɛɵɥɨ ɚɛɜɟɲɱɚɧɚ ɚɛ ɩɪɚɜɹɞɡɟɧɧɿ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɚɣ ɪɷɮɨɪɦɵ. ɉɥɚɧɿɪɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɪɚɡɞɚɰɶ ɡɹɦɟɥɶɧɵɹ ʆɱɚɫɬɤɿ ʆ ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɭɸ ʆɥɚɫɧɚɫɰɶ ɬɵɦ, ɯɬɨ ɜɵɹɜɿʆ ɥɚɹɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ ɞɚ ɧɨɜɚɝɚ ɪɷɠɵɦɭ. ɋɹɥɹɧɟ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɡɞɚɜɚɰɶ
ɫɟɥɶɝɚɫɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɿ ʆ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɵɹɥɶɧɚɹТɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɹУ– ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɟ ɝɚɧɞɥɺɜɚɟ ɬɚɜɚɪɵɫɬɜɚ "ɍɫɯɨɞ" (ɐȽɌ).
ɩɚ ɧɿɡɤɿɯ ɮɿɤɫɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɰɷɧɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɫɜɚɺɣ ɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɿ ɚɤɭɩɚɧɬɚɦ, ɚ ɡɚ ɝɷɬɚ ɿɦ
ɞɚɡɜɚɥɹɥɚɫɹ ɥɿɲɤɿ ɩɪɚɞɚɜɚɰɶ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɚɯ ɩɚ ɜɨɥɶɧɚɦɭ ɤɨɲɬɭ. Ɍɵɯ, ɯɬɨ ɜɵɤɚɧɚʆ
ɞɡɹɪɠɩɚɫɬɚʆɤɿ, ɡɚɚɯɜɨɱɜɚɥɿ ɬɚɥɨɧɚɦɿ ɧɚ ɧɚɛɵɰɰɺ ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɟɯɚɪɱɨɜɵɯ
ɬɚɜɚɪɚʆ: ɡɚɩɚɥɚɤ, ɦɵɥɚ, ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɿ ɝ. ɞ. Ⱦɥɹ ɚɠɵɰɰɹʆɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɭɩɚɤ
ɧɟɦɰɚʆ ɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɟ ɚɬɪɵɦɚɥɚɫɹ ɧɚɥɚɞɡɿɰɶ ɞɨɛɪɚɚɯɜɨɬɧɭɸБНɩɟɪɚɞɚɱɭ ɯɚɪɱɚ
ɇɚ ɫɚɦɚɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɟ, ɧɚɰɵɫɰɤɚɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɚɹ ɪɷɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɚɰɹɪɩɟɥɚ ɤɪɚɯ. ɍ
ɫɹɥɹɧɚɦɿ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ. Ƚɷɬɚɦɭ ɫɩɪɵɹɥɿ ɲɦɚɬɥɿɤɿɹ ɮɚɤɬɚɪɵ: ɿ
ɩɚɬɪɵɹɬɵɡɦ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɵɯ ɠɵɯɚɪɨʆ, ɿ ɪɚɡɝɚɪɧɭʆɲɵɣɫɹ ɩɚɪɬɵɡɚɧɫɤɿ ɪɭɯ, ɿ
ɚɞɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɶ ɪɷɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɵɯ ɜɵɝɚɞ ɚɞ ɬɚɤɨɝɚ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ |
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(ɧɚɩɪɵɤɥɚɞ, ɛɵʆ ɡɚɛɚɪɨɧɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɦɹɫɚ ɿ ɦɹɫɚɩɪɚɞɭɤɬɚʆ, ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɚɥɟɹ, |
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ɚɥɟɣɧɚɝɚ ɧɚɫɟɧɧɹ). ɍ ɜɵɧɿɤɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɫɿɥɚɜɵɦɿ ɦɟɬɚɞɚɦɿ ɿ ɧɟɩɚɫɪɷɞɧɵɦ |
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ɪɚɛɚɜɚɧɧɟɦ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɹ ɜɨɣɫɤɿ ɦɚɝɥɿ ɚɬɪɵɦɚɰɶйɧɟɣɤɭɸ ɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɸ ɡ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ |
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ɜɺɫɤɿ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɰɚɥɤɚɦ ɜɵɤɚɧɚɰɶ ɫɜɚɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɧɚɰɵɫɬɵ ɧɟ ɡɦɚɝɥɿ. |
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ɉɚ ɡɜɟɫɬɤɚɯ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɯ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚʆ, ɝɪɭɩɚ ɚɪɦɿɣ "ɐɷɧɬɪ" ɡɞɨɥɟɥɚ |
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ɚɬɪɵɦɚɰɶ ɡ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ 17,5% ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚɝɚ ɡɛɨɠɠɚ, 17,6% ɮɭɪɚɠɭ, |
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12,6% ɛɭɥɶɛɵ, 32,6% ɦɹɫɚо, 10,9% ɬɥɭɲɱɚʆ, 38,2% ɫɟɧɚ. ɍ ɫɬɭɞɡɟɧɿ 1943 ɝɨɞɚ ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɱɚɹ ɤɚɦɚɧɞɚи"ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ" ɡɦɚɝɥɚ ɧɚɪɵɯɬɚɜɚɰɶ ɞɥɹ 59-ɝɚ ɜɚɣɫɤɨɜɚɝɚ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɿз17% ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚɣ ɤɨɥɶɤɚɫɰɿ ɡɛɨɠɠɚ ɿ 11% ɦɹɫɚ. ɍ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɣ
ɚɤɪɭɡɟ "Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ" ɡɚ 1941/42 ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɱɵ ɝɨɞ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɹ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɹ ɧɟ ɚɬɪɵɦɚɥɚоɛɨɥɶɲ 60% ɡɚɩɥɚɧɿɪɚɜɚɧɚɝɚ ɡɛɨɠɠɚ (85 ɬɵɫ ɬɨɧ), 55% ɬɥɭɲɱɭ (1700 ɬɨɧ), 30% ɚɥɟɹ (750 ɬɨɧ), ɩɪɵ ɬɵɦ, ɲɬɨ ɫɟɥɶɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɬɭɬ ɛɵʆ ɭɫɬɚɥɹɜɚɧɵпɧɚ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɧɿɡɤɿɦ ɭɡɪɨʆɧɿ ʆ ɩɚɪɚʆɧɚɧɧɿ ɡ ɿɧɲɵɦɿ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɦɿ
еɪɷɝɿɺɧɚɦɿ. Ⱦɚ ɦɚɹ 1943 ɝɨɞɚ ʆ ɡɚɥɿɤ ɩɚɞɚɬɤɭ ɡɚ 1942/43 ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɱɵ ɝɨɞ ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚɦ ɚɤɪɭɝɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟɞɚɚɬɪɵɦɚɧɚ 37,8% ɛɭɥɶɛɵ, 59,9% ɦɹɫɚ, 61,5% Рɬɥɭɲɱɚʆ. ɉɚ ɡɜɟɫɬɤɚɯ ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɝɚɧɞɥɺɜɚɝɚ ɬɚɜɚɪɵɫɬɜɚ "ɍɫɯɨɞ", ɧɚ ɩɚɞɭɥɚɞɧɚɣ ɹɦɭ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ʆ ɬɵɥɚɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɝɪɭɩɵ ɚɪɦɿɣ "ɐɷɧɬɪ" ɭ ɜɵɧɿɤɭ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɿ ɩɚɪɬɵɡɚɧ ɩɥɚɧɚɜɵɹ ɧɚɪɵɯɬɨʆɤɿ ɫɟɥɶɝɚɫɩɪɚɞɭɤɰɵɿ ʆ 1942/43 ɝɨɞɡɟ ɫɤɚɪɚɰɿɥɿɫɹ ɩɚ ɡɛɨɠɠɭ ɧɚ 60% (150 ɬɵɫ. ɬɨɧ), ɩɚ ɦɹɫɭ – ɧɚ 75% (30 ɬɵɫ. ɬɨɧ), ɩɚ ɬɥɭɲɱɚɯ – ɧɚ 20% (1000 ɬɨɧ), ɩɚ ɚɥɟɿ, ɭɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɵ ɪɚɫɥɿɧɧɵ – ɧɚ 32% (2000 ɬɨɧ). ɍ 1943 ɝɨɞɡɟ ɐȽɌ "ɍɫɯɨɞ" ɭ "Ɉɫɬɥɚɧɞɟ" ɡɞɨɥɟɥɚ ɜɵɤɚɧɚɰɶ ɧɚɪɵɯɬɨʆɤɿ ɡɛɨɠɠɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɧɚ 74%, ɚ ɫɟɧɚ – ɧɚ 58%; ɭ ɬɵɥɚɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɝɪɭɩɵ
ɚɪɦɿɣ "ɐɷɧɬɪ" ɝɷɬɵɹ ɩɚɤɚɡɱɵɤɿ ɫɤɥɚɥɿ ɚɞɩɚɜɟɞɧɚ 51 ɿ 75%.
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DZșȎȐȎ 10. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ DZǮDzȉ DzǾȁDZǼǷ ǿȁǿǰdzȀǻǮǷ ǰǮǷǻȉ |
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Ⱥɤɪɚɦɹ ɫɵɪɚɜɿɧɧɵɯ ɿ ɯɚɪɱɨɜɵɯ ɪɷɫɭɪɫɚʆ, ɚɤɭɩɚɧɬɵ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɨʆɜɚɥɿ ɿ |
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ɝɚɥɨʆɧɚɟ ɛɚɝɚɰɰɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɤɪɚɿɧɵ – ɩɪɚɰɭ ɹɟ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧ. ɍ 1942 ɝɨɞɡɟ, ɭ ɫɭɜɹɡɿ ɡ |
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ɡɚɰɹɝɧɭʆɲɚɣɫɹ ɜɚɣɧɨɣ ɿ ɚɞɩɪɚʆɤɚɣ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɜɹɥɿɤɚɣ ɤɨɥɶɤɚɫɰɿ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɯ |
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ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵɯ, ɧɚɰɵɫɰɤɚɟ ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɩɪɵɧɹɥɨ ɪɚɲɷɧɧɟ ɡɚɦɹɧɿɰɶ ɿɯ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɚɞɰɚʆ |
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ɡ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɚ |
ɫɩɟɰɵɹɥɶɧɚɟ ɜɟɞɚɦɫɬɜɚ ɩɚɞ |
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ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚɦ Ɏ. Ɂɚɭɤɟɥɹ – ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ʆɩɚʆɧɚɜɚɠɚɧɚɝɚ ɩɚ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɧɧɸ |
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ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɚɣ ɫɿɥɵ. əɦɭ ɞɚɪɭɱɚɥɚɫɹ ɜɹɪɛɨʆɤɚ ɿ ɞɚɫɬɚʆɤɚ ʆ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɸ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵɯ |
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ɪɷɫɭɪɫɚʆ. ɉɟɪɲɚɩɚɱɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɩɥɚɧɿɪɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ, ɲɬɨ ɝɷɬɚ ɛɭɞɡɟ ɞɨɛɪɚɚɯɜɨɬɧɚɟ |
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ɩɟɪɚɦɹɲɱɷɧɧɟ. ɇɹɦɟɰɤɿɹ ɩɪɚɩɚɝɚɧɞɵɫɬɵ ɚɛɹɰɚɥɿ ɡɚɦɟɠɧɵɦ |
ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵɦ |
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ɜɵɫɨɤɿɹ ɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɵ, ɞɨɛɪɵɹ ʆɦɨɜɵ ɩɪɚɠɵɜɚɧɧɹ, ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚɫɰɶ ɩɚɡɧɚɺɦɿɰɰɚ ɡ |
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ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɣ ɿ ɬɷɯɧɚɥɨɝɿɹɦɿ, ɹɤɿɹ ʆ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɛɭɞɭɰɶ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɧɵɹ |
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ɝɷɬɵɦɿ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵɦɿ ɿ ɧɚ ɫɜɚɺɣ ɪɚɞɡɿɦɟ. ɋɜɚɹɤɚɦ, ɩɚɤɿɧɭɬɵɦ ɧɚТɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɚɣ |
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ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ, ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɜɵɩɥɚɱɜɚɰɶ ɲɬɨɦɟɫɹɱɧɭɸ ɞɚɩɚɦɨɝɭ. |
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Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɰɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɲɱɚ ɡɚɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵɯ ɭ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ɛɨɥɶɲ |
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ɧɚɝɚɞɜɚɥɚ ɡɧɹɜɨɥɟɧɧɟ. Ɍɵɯ, ɯɬɨ ɩɪɵɟɯɚʆ ɡ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɋɋɋɊ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɿ |
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ɨɫɬɚɪɛɚɣɬɚɪɚɦɿ – ɭɫɯɨɞɧɿɦɿ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵɦɿ. ȱɦ ɡɚɝɚɞɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɧɚɲɵɜɚɰɶ ɧɚ ɚɞɡɟɠɭ |
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ɚɞɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɹ ɡɧɚɤɿ "Ɉɫɬ" – "ɍɫɯɨɞ", ɭɬɪɵɦɨʆɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɹɧɵ ʆ ɥɚɝɟɪɚɯ ɭ ɛɚɪɚɤɚɯ, |
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ɜɵɯɚɞ ɡɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɸ ɛɵʆ ɡɚɛɚɪɨɧɟɧɵ. |
Ɉɫɬɚɪɛɚɣɬɷɪɚʆ |
ɧɟɦɿɥɚɫɷɪɧɚ |
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ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɜɚɥɿ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɰɹɠɤɿɯ ɩɪɚɰɚɯ, ɩɥɚɰɿɥɿйɡɧɚɱɧɚ ɦɟɧɲ, ɱɵɦ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɦ |
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ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵɦ, ɩɪɵ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɝɪɨɲɚɣ ɧɚ ɪɭɤɿ ɧɟ ɜɵɞɚɜɚɥɿ, ɡɚɥɿɱɚɥɿ ɿɯ ɧɚ |
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ɫɩɟɰɵɹɥɶɧɵɹ ɚɲɱɚɞɧɵɹ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɿ. ɇɟ ɡɚɮɿɤɫɿɪɚɜɚɧɚ ɧɿ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ɜɵɩɚɞɤɭ |
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ɩɟɪɚɜɨɞɭ ɝɪɨɲɚɣ ɡ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ɧɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɸ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɚɛɨ ʆ ɿɧɲɵɹ |
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ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɹ ɪɚɺɧɵ ɋɋɋɊ! ɋɿɥɤɚɜɚɧɧɟ ʆɫɯɨɞɧɿɯ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɹɫɩɟɱɜɚɥɚ |
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ɧɚɜɚɬ ɩɚɞɬɪɵɦɚɧɧɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɚɣоɩɪɚɰɚɡɞɨɥɶɧɚɫɰɿ, ɹɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ʆɫɬɚɥɹɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ |
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ʆɡɪɨʆɧɿ ɧɨɪɦɚʆ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɿɯ ɜɚɟɧɧɚɩɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ. Ⱦɵɪɷɤɰɵɹ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ɡ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɯ |
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ɡɚɜɨɞɚʆ Ʉɪɭɩɚ ɬɚɤ ɚɩɿɫɜɚɥɚ ɝɷɬɭɸ ɫɿɬɭɚɰɵɸ ɫɜɚɣɦɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɫɬɜɭ: «ɋɿɥɤɚɜɚɧɧɟ |
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ɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɧɟɜɵɦɨʆɧɚ ɞɪɷɧɧɚɟ, ɬɚɦɭ ɹɧɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɰɰɚ ɫɥɚɛɟɣ ɿ ɫɥɚɛɟɣ ɡ ɤɨɠɧɵɦ |
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ɞɧɺɦ. Ⱥɛɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɧɟ ɩɚɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɧɚɩɪɵɤɥɚɞ, ɲɬɨ ɧɟɤɚɬɨɪɵɹ ɪɭɫɤɿɹ ɧɟ ʆ ɫɿɥɚɯ |
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ɡɚɜɹɪɧɭɰɶ ɝɚɣɤɭ, ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɹɧɵ ɫɥɚɛɵɹ ɮɿɡɿɱɧɚ». |
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Ɂɜɟɫɬɤɿ ɚɛ ɫɚɩɪɚʆɞɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɲɱɵ ɨɫɬɚɪɛɚɣɬɷɪɚʆ ɜɟɥɶɦɿ ɯɭɬɤɚ |
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ɪɚɫɩɚʆɫɸɞɡɿɥɿɫɹ ɧɚ ɿɯ ɪɚɞɡɿɦɟ, ɧɹɝɥɟɞɡɹɱɵ ɧɚ ʆɫɟ ɯɿɬɪɵɤɿ ɧɚɰɵɫɰɤɚɣ ɰɷɧɡɭɪɵ. |
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Ɍɚɦɭ ʆɠɨ ʆɥɟɬɤɭ 1942 ɝɨɞɚ ʆɫɹɤɚɹ ɞɨɛɪɚɚɯɜɨɬɧɚɫɰɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɚɞɤɿɧɭɬɚ, ɜɹɪɛɨʆɤɚ |
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ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɞɡɿɰɰɚ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɧɚ ɝɜɚɥɬɨʆɧɵɦɿ ɦɟɬɚɞɚɦɿ. Ʌɸɞɡɟɣ ɯɚɩɚɥɿ ɧɚ |
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еɜɭɥɿɰɚɯ ɿ ɪɵɧɤɚɯ, ɭɥɚɞɤɨʆɜɚɥɿ ɚɛɥɚɜɵ ʆ ɤɿɧɚɬɷɚɬɪɚɯ. ɇɹɪɷɞɤɚ ɩɚɞɱɚɫ ɤɚɪɧɵɯ |
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ɚɩɟɪɚɰɵɣ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɶ ɩɚɪɬɵɡɚɧ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɰɷɥɵɯ ɜɺɫɚɤ ɜɵɫɵɥɚɥɚɫɹ ʆ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɸ. ɉɚ ɩɚɞɥɿɤɚɯ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚʆ, ɭ ɪɷɣɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɵɦɭɫɨɜɚ ɧɚɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɚ ɚɞ 3 ɞɚ 5 ɦɥɧ. ɫɚɜɟɰɤɿɯ ɥɸɞɡɟɣ, ɡ ɿɯ ɤɚɥɹ 400 ɬɵɫ. – ɡ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ.
Ɍɚɤɿ ɛɵʆ «ɧɨɜɵ ɩɚɪɚɞɚɤ» – ɪɷɠɵɦ ɬɷɪɨɪɭ ɿ ɡɚɛɨɣɫɬɜɚʆ, ɪɷɠɵɦ ɧɟɩɪɵɤɪɵɬɚɝɚ ɪɚɛɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɝɜɚɥɬɭ.
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DZșȎȐȎ 10. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ DZǮDzȉ DzǾȁDZǼǷ ǿȁǿǰdzȀǻǮǷ ǰǮǷǻȉ |
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ɇɹɝɥɟɞɡɹɱɵ ɧɚ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɭ ɝɟɧɚɰɵɞɭ, ɡɧɚɣɲɥɿɫɹ ɥɸɞɡɿ, ɹɤɿɹ ɩɚɣɲɥɿ ɧɚ |
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ɞɨɛɪɚɚɯɜɨɬɧɚɟ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɡ ɜɨɪɚɝɚɦ, ɫɥɭɠɵɥɿ ʆ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɯ, ɭ |
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ɩɚɥɿɰɵɿ, ɭ ɪɨɡɧɚɝɚ ɪɨɞɭ ɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɪɦɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɹɯ. Ƚɷɬɚɹ ɡ'ɹɜɚ ɚɬɪɵɦɚɥɚ ɧɚɡɜɭ |
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ɤɚɥɚɛɚɪɚɰɵɿ. ɉɪɵɱɵɧɵ, ɩɚ ɹɤɿɯ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧɟ ɋɋɋɊ ɫɬɚɧɚɜɿɥɿɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɤ |
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ɡɚɯɨɩɧɿɤɚʆ, ɛɵɥɿ ɪɨɡɧɵɦɿ. ɇɟɜɹɥɿɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚ ɡ ɥɿɤɭ ɷɦɿɝɪɚɧɬɚʆ, ɹɤɿɹ |
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ɜɵɟɯɚɥɿ ɡ Ɋɚɫɿɿ ʆ ɝɚɞɵ ɪɷɜɚɥɸɰɵɿ ɚɛɨ ɪɚɬɭɸɱɵɫɹ ɚɞ ɫɬɚɥɿɧɫɤɿɯ ɪɷɩɪɷɫɿɣ, |
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ɥɿɱɵɥɿ, ɲɬɨ ɬɚɤɿɦ ɱɵɧɚɦ ɜɹɞɭɰɶ ɛɚɪɚɰɶɛɭ ɫɚ ɡɥɚɱɵɧɧɵɦ ɛɚɥɶɲɚɜɿɰɤɿɦ |
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ɪɷɠɵɦɚɦ. ɏɬɨɫɶɰɿ, ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚ, ɩɚɞɡɹɥɹʆ ɧɚɰɵɫɰɤɭɸ ɪɚɫɚɜɭɸ ɬɷɨɪɵɸ, ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚ |
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ɹɟ ɚɧɬɵɫɟɦɿɰɤɿɹ ɩɚɥɚɠɷɧɧɿ. |
ɍ ɚɫɹɪɨɞɞɡɿ ɫɹɥɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɛɵɥɿ ɧɟɡɚɞɚɜɨɥɟɧɵɹ |
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ɤɚɥɝɚɫɧɵɦ ɥɚɞɚɦ ɿ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɚɣ ɪɚɫɤɭɥɚɱɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɧɵ ɤɿɪɚɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɩɚɱɭɰɰɺɦ |
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ɩɨɦɫɬɵ. Ȼɵɥɿ ɿ ɚɞɤɪɵɬɚ ɤɪɵɦɿɧɚɥɶɧɵɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɹɤɿɹ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɥɶɧɹɥɿ ɬɚɤɿɦ |
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ɱɵɧɚɦ ɫɜɚɟ ɫɚɞɵɫɰɤɿɹ ɫɯɿɥɶɧɚɫɰɿ ɿ ɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɟ ɞɚ ɥɺɝɤɚɝɚ ʆɡɛɚɝɚɱɷɧɧɹТ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ |
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ɜɹɥɿɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɤɚɥɚɛɚɪɚɧɬɚɦɿ ʆ ɜɵɧɿɤɭ ɫɤɥɚʆɲɵɯɫɹ ɚɛɫɬɚɜɿɧ, ɤɿɪɭɸɱɵɫɹ |
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ɫɬɪɚɬɷɝɿɹɣ ɜɵɠɵɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɚ ʆɦɨɜɚɯ ɜɚɣɧɵ. Ƚɷɬɚ ɿ ɜɚɟɧɧɚɩɚɥɨɧɧɵɹ, ɩɚɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɵɹ |
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ɩɟɪɚɞ ɜɵɛɚɪɚɦ: ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ʆ ɤɚɥɚɛɚɪɚɰɵɣɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɚɛɨ ɫɦɟɪɰɶ. ɇɟ ɜɚ ʆɫɿɯ ɿɯ |
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ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɚɫɹ ɪɚɲɭɱɚɫɰɶ ɚɛɪɚɰɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ, ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɚɪɭɲɵɰɶ ɞɚɞɡɟɧɭɸ ɩɪɵɫɹɝɭ. |
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Ƚɷɬɚ ɿ ɦɿɪɧɵɹ ɠɵɯɚɪɵ, ɹɤɿɹ |
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ɚɩɵɧɭɥɿɫɹ ʆ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɚɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɿ ɡɦɭɲɚɧɵɹ |
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ɤɚɪɦɿɰɶ ɫɜɚɸ ɫɹɦ'ɸ, ɩɚɫɬɭɩɚɸɱɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɰɭ ɚɛɨ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɞɡɟɥɹ ɤɚɜɚɥɤɚ |
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ɯɥɟɛɚ. Ƚɷɬɚ ɿ ɩɪɵɦɭɫɨɜɚ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɱɚɧɵɹйɩɚɞ ɩɚɝɪɨɡɚɣ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɝɚ ɩɿɫɬɚɥɟɬɚ |
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ɫɟɥɶɫɤɿɹ ɫɬɚɪɚɫɬɵ. ɇɚɪɷɲɰɟ, ɝɷɬɚ ɿ ɲɷɪɚɝ ɩɚɬɪɵɺɬɚʆ, ɹɤɿɹ ɩɚɫɬɭɩɚɥɿ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ |
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ɞɚ ɚɤɭɩɚɧɬɚʆ, ɤɚɛ ɩɚɞ ɚɮɿɰɵɣɧɵɦ ɩɪɵɤɪɵɰɰɺɦ ɜɹɫɰɿ ɷɮɟɤɬɵʆɧɭɸ ɛɚɪɚɰɶɛɭ ɡ |
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ɜɨɪɚɝɚɦ. |
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т |
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ɍ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɡ |
ɞɚɡɜɨɥɭ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɤɚɦɿɫɚɪɚ ȼ. Ʉɭɛɷ 22 ɤɚɫɬɪɵɱɧɿɤɚ |
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1941 ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɚоȻɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɚɦɚɩɨɦɚɱ (Ȼɇɋ) ɩɚɞ |
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ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚɦ ȱ. ȿɪɦɚɱɷɧɤɿ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɵɟɯɚʆ ɡ ɉɪɚɝɿ. Ʉɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ Ȼɇɋ (ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɚɹ |
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ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶ) ɩɪɵɡɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɹ ɿ ɡɜɚɥɶɧɹɥɚɫɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɦɿɫɚɪɚɦ. Ɇɷɬɚɦɿ Ȼɇɋ |
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о |
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ɚɛɜɹɲɱɚɥɿɫɹ ɚɤɚɡɚɧɧɟ ɞɚɩɚɦɨɝɿ ɩɚɰɹɪɩɟɥɵɦ ɚɞ ɜɚɣɧɵ, ɭɡɧɚʆɥɟɧɧɟ ɪɚɡɛɭɪɚɧɚɣ |
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Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɪɚɡɜɿɰɰɺ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɟ ɝɷɬɚɹ |
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ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɹ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɪɚɩɚɝɚɧɞɵɫɬɚɦ ɧɚɰɵɫɰɤɚɝɚ «ɧɨɜɚɝɚ ɩɚɪɚɞɤɭ», ɡɛɿɪɚɥɚ |
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ɩɪɚɞɭɤɬɵ ɿ ɰɺɩɥɵɹ ɪɷɱɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɯ ɫɚɥɞɚɬɚʆ, ɚɤɚɡɜɚɥɚ ɞɚɩɚɦɨɝɭ ʆ ɜɵɜɚɡɟ |
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Р |
ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɧɚ ɩɪɵɦɭɫɨɜɭɸ ɩɪɚɰɭ ʆ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɸ. |
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Ʌɿɞɷɪɵ Ȼɇɋ ɫɩɪɚɛɚɜɚɥɿ ɜɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɰɶ ɝɷɬɭɸ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɸ ɹɤ ɩɟɪɲɭɸ |
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ɩɪɵɫɬɭɩɤɭ ʆ ɫɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɿ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ʆɪɚɞɚ, ɩɪɚɩɚɧɨʆɜɚɥɿ |
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еɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɜɚɰɶ ɧɚ ɹɟ ɛɚɡɟ ʆɡɛɪɨɟɧɵɹ ɚɬɪɚɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɪɚɰɶɛɵ ɡ ɩɚɪɬɵɡɚɧɚɦɿ. Ⱦɨʆɝɿ |
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ɱɚɫ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɟ ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɿɝɧɚɪɵɪɚɜɚɥɚ ɝɷɬɵɹ ɩɪɚɩɚɧɨɜɵ, ɚɞɧɚɤ ɭ ɱɷɪɜɟɧɿ |
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1942 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ Ȼɇɋ ɛɵʆ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɵ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɫɚɦɚɚɯɨɜɵ (ȻɄɋ). |
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ɍɡɧɚɱɚɥɿʆ ɝɷɬɚɟ ɜɚɟɧɧɚɟ ɮɚɪɦɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɬɨɣ ɠɚ ȱ. ȿɪɦɚɱɷɧɤɚ. ɉɥɚɧɿɪɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ |
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ɫɬɜɚɪɵɰɶ ɬɪɵ ɞɵɜɿɡɿɿ ȻɄɋ, ɹɤɿɹ ɛɵɥɿ ɛ ɪɚɫɤɿɞɚɧɵ ɩɚ ɪɚɺɧɚɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɚɞɪɵɯɬɨʆɤɿ |
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ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɚɮɿɰɷɪɫɤɚɝɚ |
ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ʆ Ɇɿɧɫɤɭ ɛɵɥɿ ɚɞɤɪɵɬɵ ɫɩɟɰɵɹɥɶɧɵɹ |
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ɤɭɪɫɵ, ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɿɤɚɦ |
ɹɤɿɯ |
ɫɬɚʆ ɛɵɥɵ ɚɮɿɰɷɪ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɚɝɚ ɜɨɣɫɤɚ Ɏ. Ʉɭɲɚɥɶ. |
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