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DZșȎȐȎ 8. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ ǽǮȅǮȀǸȁ ǻǮǷǻǼǬȆǮDZǮ ȅǮǿȁ. DzǵȍǾǴǮǬǻǮǿȄȊ ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿI Ǭ ǽǮǿǹȍǸǮǿȀǾȉȅǻIȄǸI ǽdzǾȉȍDz (1917 – 1920 ȑȑ.)
8.2. Ⱥɛɜɹɲɱɷɧɧɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ ɿ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɶ ɹɟ ɪɚɞɵ (ɫɚɤɚɜɿɤ – ɫɧɟɠɚɧɶ 1918 ɝ.)
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ɉɚɫɥɹ ɬɚɝɨ, ɹɤ Ʌ. Ɍɪɨɰɤɿ ɫɚɪɜɚʆ ɦɿɪɧɵɹ ɩɟɪɚɦɨɜɵ ʆ Ȼɪɷɫɰɟ, Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɹ |
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18 ɥɸɬɚɝɚ |
1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɧɟ ɧɚ |
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ʆɫɯɨɞ. ɍ |
ɜɵɧɿɤɭ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ |
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ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɧɹ ɛɵɥɿ |
ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɹ ɪɚɺɧɵ |
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ |
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ɿ ɩɪɵɤɥɚɞɧɚ |
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4/5 ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɤɪɚɹ ɚɩɵɧɭɥɚɫɹ ʆ ɡɨɧɟ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɣ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɿ. Ɂɚɯɨɞɧɹɹ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɶ |
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ɩɪɚɰɹɝɜɚɥɚ ɿɫɧɚɜɚɰɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ʆ ɫɤɥɚɞɡɟ ɋɦɚɥɟɧɫɤɚɣ ɿ ɧɟɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɚɤ |
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Ɇɚɝɿɥɺʆɫɤɚɣ ɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɹʆ. |
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Ⱥɛɥɜɵɤɚɦɡɚɯ ɿ ɋɇɄ Ɂɚɯɨɞɧɹɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ ɿ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ 19 ɥɸɬɚɝɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ |
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ɩɟɪɚɛɪɚɥɿɫɹ ɡ Ɇɿɧɫɤɭ ʆ ɋɦɚɥɟɧɫɤ. |
Ɂ ɬɭɪɦɵ ɜɵɣɲɥɿ ɞɡɟɹɱɵ ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɣ |
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Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ȼɚɣɫɤɨɜɚɣ Ɋɚɞɵ. Ⱥɞɧɚɜɿʆ ɫɜɚɸ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɶ ȼɵɤɚɧɚʆɱɵ ɤɚɦɿɬɷɬ |
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ɋɚɜɟɬɚ ɍɫɟɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɡ’ɟɡɞɚ. |
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Ʉɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɪɭɯɭ ɜɵɪɚɲɵɥɚ, ɲɬɨ |
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ɧɚɞɵɣɲɨʆ ɱɚɫ ɪɚɲɭɱɵɯ ɞɡɟɹɧɧɹʆ. |
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ɋɜɹɰɿɥɚ ɧɚɞɡɟɹ, ɲɬɨ ʆ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɫɜɚɿɯ |
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ɩɥɚɧɚʆ ɹɧɨ ɡɧɨɣɞɡɟ ɩɚɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɧɟ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ, ɹɤɚɹ ɜɵɞɚɜɚɥɚ ɫɹɛɟ ɡɚ ɚɛɚɪɨɧɰɭ |
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ɩɪɵɝɧɟɱɚɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɚʆ Ɋɚɫɿɿ. ȼɵɤɚɧɚʆɱɵ ɤɚɦɿɬɷɬ ɋɚɜɟɬɚ ɡ’ɟɡɞɚ ɚɛɜɹɫɰɿʆ ɫɹɛɟ |
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ɜɵɲɷɣɲɚɣ ɭɥɚɞɚɣ ɧɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɿ ɡɚɤɥɿɤɚʆйɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɩɚɤɨɸ. Ɂ ɝɷɬɚɣ |
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ɧɚɝɨɞɵ 21 ɥɸɬɚɝɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɿɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɞɚɞɡɟɧɚ ɉɟɪɲɚɹ ɍɫɬɚʆɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɚ ɞɚ |
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ɧɚɪɨɞɚʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ. |
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“Ɋɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɤɚ ɧɚɲɚ ɚɩɵɧɭɥɚɫɹ ʆ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɰɹɠɤɿɦ ɫɬɚɧɟ. Ⱦɡɟ ɰɹɩɟɪ |
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ɭɥɚɞɚ, ɲɬɨ |
ɛɵɥɚ ɬɭɬ, ɧɹɜɟɞɚɦɚ, ɦɵ ɫɬɚɿɦɨ ɩɟɪɚɞ ɬɵɦ, ɲɬɨ ɧɚɲ ɤɪɚɣ ɦɨɠɚ |
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ɛɵɰɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɵ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɦɿ ɜɨɣɫɤɚɦɿ,” – ɬɚɤɿɦɿ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɿ ɩɚɱɵɧɚʆɫɹ ɬɷɤɫɬ ɉɟɪɲɚɣ |
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ɍɫɬɚʆɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɵ. Ⱦɚɥɟɣ ɫɰɜɹɪɞɠɚɥɚɫɹ: “ȼɵ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ʆɡɹɰɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɥɺɫ ɜɚ |
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ʆɥɚɫɧɵɹ ɪɭɤɿ. Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿ ɧɚɪɨɞ ɩɚɜɿɧɟɧ ɡɞɡɟɣɫɧɿɰɶ ɫɜɚɺ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɨʆɧɚɟ |
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ɫɚɦɚɜɵɡɧɚɱɷɧɧɟ, ɚ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵɹ ɦɟɧɲɚɫɰɿ – ɧɚ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚ-ɩɟɪɫɚɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ |
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ɚʆɬɚɧɨɦɿɸ. ɉɪɚɜɵ ɧɚɰɵɿ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ɡɧɚɣɫɰɿ ɫɜɚɺ ɡɞɡɹɣɫɧɟɧɧɟ ɲɥɹɯɚɦ ɫɤɥɿɤɚɧɧɹ |
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п |
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ɧɚ ɞɷɦɚɤɪɚɬɵɱɧɵɯ ɚɫɧɨɜɚɯ ɍɫɬɚɧɨʆɱɚɝɚ ɋɨɣɦɭ”. Ⱦɚ ɋɨɣɦɚ, ɡɝɨɞɧɚ ɡ |
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Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɚɣ, ɭɫɹ ʆɥɚɞɚ ɧɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɚɠɵɰɰɹʆɥɹɰɰɚ ɚɞ ɿɦɹ ɬɵɯ |
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ɧɚɪɨɞɚʆ, ɹɤɿɹ ɧɚ ɺɣ ɠɵɜɭɰɶ. ȼɵɤɚɧɤɚɦ ɋɚɜɟɬɚ ɡ’ɟɡɞɚ, ɩɚɩɨʆɧɟɧɵ |
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Р |
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ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɧɿɤɚɦɿ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɧɲɚɫɰɟɣ, ɚɛɜɹɫɰɿʆ ɫɹɛɟ ɱɚɫɨɜɚɣ ɭɥɚɞɚɣ ɧɚ |
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Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɭɬɜɚɪɵʆɲɵ ʆɪɚɞ – ɇɚɪɨɞɧɵ ɋɚɤɪɚɬɚɪɵɹɬ. |
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еɌɚɤɿɦ ɱɵɧɚɦ, ɛɵʆ ɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɵ ɩɚɱɚɬɤɨɜɵ ɤɪɨɤ ɧɚ ɲɥɹɯɭ ɚɞɪɚɞɠɷɧɧɹ |
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ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɫɰɿ, ɯɚɰɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɥɶɧɚ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɚ ɚɛɜɟɲɱɚɧɚ |
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ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ. |
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22 ɥɸɬɚɝɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵʆ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɚɜɚɧɵ ɫɩɿɫ ɱɥɟɧɚʆ ɭɪɚɞɚ, ɹɤɿ ʆɡɧɚɱɚɥɿʆ |
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ə. ȼɚɪɨɧɤɚ. ɇɚɣɛɨɥɶɲ ɜɚɠɧɵɹ ɩɚɪɬɮɟɥɿ ɚɬɪɵɦɚɥɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɨʆɰɵ ɿ ɷɫɷɪɵ. |
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Ɂ ɩɪɵɯɨɞɚɦ ɭ Ɇɿɧɫɤ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɯ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɵɯ ɜɨɣɫɤɚʆ ɩɚɦɿɠ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ |
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ɭɥɚɞɚɣ ɿ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɦ |
ɤɚɦɚɧɞɚɜɚɧɧɟɦ |
ɩɚɱɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɚɥɚɫɚ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɷɧɧɹ ɚɞɧɨɫɿɧ. |
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DZșȎȐȎ 8. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ ǽǮȅǮȀǸȁ ǻǮǷǻǼǬȆǮDZǮ ȅǮǿȁ. DzǵȍǾǴǮǬǻǮǿȄȊ ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿI Ǭ ǽǮǿǹȍǸǮǿȀǾȉȅǻIȄǸI ǽdzǾȉȍDz (1917 – 1920 ȑȑ.)
Ⱦɚɝɷɬɭɥɶ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɹ ɪɚɡɝɥɹɞɚɥɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɹɤ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ Ɋɚɫɿɿ, ɚɥɟ
ʆɆɿɧɫɤɭ, ɧɟɱɚɤɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɹɛɟ, ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɹ ɜɨɣɫɤɿ ɫɭɬɵɤɧɭɥɿɫɹ ɡ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚɡɵɜɚʆ ɫɹɛɟ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɦ ɭɪɚɞɚɦ ɿ ɜɵɞɚɜɚʆ ɚɞ ɫɜɚɣɝɨ ɿɦɹ ɡɚɹɜɵ ɿ ɡɚɝɚɞɵ.
28 ɥɸɬɚɝɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɞɷɥɟɝɚɰɵɹ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɝɚ ɋɚɤɪɚɬɚɪɵɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɱɚɥɟ ɡ ə. ȼɚɪɨɧɤɚɦ ɧɚɜɟɞɚɥɚ ɪɷɡɿɞɷɧɰɵɸ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɚɣ ɜɚɟɧɧɚɣ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɿУʆ Ɇɿɧɫɤɭ ɿ ɜɵɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɥɚɹɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ ɭ ɚɞɧɨɫɿɧɚɯ ɞɚ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɵɯТɭɥɚɞ. Ɍɚɤɿɦ ɱɵɧɚɦ, ɋɚɤɪɚɬɚɪɵɹɬ ɡ ɩɟɪɲɵɯ ɞɡɺɧ ɫɜɚɺɣ ɩɪɚɰɵ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɵʆ ɚɫɧɨʆɧɵɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɦɤɚɦ ɩɚɜɨɞɡɿɧ ɩɨɲɭɤ ɡɝɨɞɵ ɡ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɦɿ ʆɥɚɞɚɦɿ ɞɡɟɥɹ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɫɹɛɟ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɦ ɭɪɚɞɚɦ ɭ ɜɵɩɚɞɤɭ ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚɝɚ ɛɭɞɭɱɚɝɚ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɝɚНʆɥɚɞɤɚɜɚɧɧɹ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ.
Ɍɷɧɞɷɧɰɵɿ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ʆ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɦ Бɪɭɯɭ ʆɡɦɚɰɧɿɥɿɫɹ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɩɚɞɩɿɫɚɧɧɹ 3 ɫɚɤɚɜɿɤɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ Ȼɪɷɫɰɤɚɝɚ ɦɿɪɧɚɝɚ ɞɚɝɚɜɨɪɚ ɩɚɦɿɠ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɹɣ
ɿɊɋɎɋɊ. ȱɧɬɚɪɷɫɵ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɚʆ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɿ ɩɪɵɧɹɬɵ ɩɚɞ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɿ ɚɞɧɵɦ ɡ ɛɚɤɨʆ. Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ, ɹɤ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɪɷɝɿɺɧ, ɧɟ ʆɩɚɦɿɧɚɟɰɰɚйɧɿ ʆ ɚɫɧɨʆɧɵɦ ɞɚɝɚɜɨɪɵ, ɧɿ
ʆɞɚɞɚɬɤɚɯ ɞɚ ɹɝɨ. иɥɿɧɿɿȼɿɥɟɧɲɱɵɧɵ рɞɚ Ʌɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ, ɚɛɜɟɲɱɚɧɚɣ 11 ɫɧɟɠɧɹ 1917 ɝɨɞɚ. Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɧɚ ɩɨʆɞɡɟɧɶ
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ɚɞ ɉɚɥɟɫɤɚɣ ɱɵɝɭɧɤɿ ɩɚ ɞɚɦɨʆɥɟɧɚɫɰɿ ɡ ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɣ ɍɤɪɚɿɧɫɤɚɣ ɪɚɞɚɣ |
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ɩɟɪɚɞɚɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɍɤɪɚɿɧɫɤɚɣ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɰɵ. Ⱥɫɬɚɬɧɹɹ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɹ |
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Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɪɚɡɝɥɹɞɚɥɚɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɪɷɪɚɝɚɬɵɜɚ Ɋɚɫɿɣɫɤɚɣ ɮɟɞɷɪɚɰɵɿ. Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɧɟ |
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ɚɬɪɵɦɥɿɜɚɥɚ ɧɿɱɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɚɞɧɚʆɥɟɧɧɟ ɪɚɡɛɭɪɚɧɚɣ ɭ ɱɚɫ ɜɚɣɧɵ ɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪɤɿ. |
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Ɂɝɨɞɧɚ ɡ ɭɦɨɜɚɦɿ ɩɚɞɩɿɫɚɧɚɝɚ ɦɿɪɭ ɧɟɦɰɵ ɡɚɧɹɥɿ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ |
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ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɡ Ɇɿɧɫɤɚɦ ɭɤɥɸɱɧɚ. ɇɟɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɵɦɿ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ |
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14 ɩɚɜɟɬɚʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɿ Ɇɚɝɿɥɺʆɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɹʆ. |
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Ⱥɞɤɚɡɚɦ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɷɧɧɟ Ȼɪɷɫɰɤɚɝɚ ɦɿɪɭ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɪɵɧɹɰɰɟ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ |
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ɋɚɤɪɚɬɚɪɵɹɬɚɦ 9 ɫɚɤɚɜɿɤɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɍɫɬɚʆɧɨɣ Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɵ, ɹɤɚɹ еɚɛɜɹɲɱɚɥɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɣ. ȼɵɤɚɧɤɚɦ ɋɚɜɟɬɚ ɡ’ɟɡɞɚ ʆ ɜɵɧɿɤɭ Рɞɷɥɟɝɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɧɿɤɨʆ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɞ, ɡɟɦɫɬɜɚʆ ɿ ɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɚ ɫɚɦɚɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɹ, ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɧɲɚɫɰɟɣ, ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɬɵɣ, ɩɪɚɮɫɚɸɡɚʆ ɿ ɿɧɲɵɯ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɫɤɿɯ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɣ ɛɵʆ ɤɨɥɶɤɚɫɧɚ ɩɚɜɹɥɿɱɚɧɵ ɞɚ 71 ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤɚ ɿ
ɩɟɪɚɣɦɟɧɚɜɚɧɵ ʆ Ɋɚɞɭ ȻɇɊ. ɉɪɷɡɿɞɵɭɦ Ɋɚɞɵ ʆɡɧɚɱɚɥɿʆ ȱ. ɋɟɪɚɞɚ.
Ⱥɤɪɚɦɹ ɤɚɪɨɬɤɚɣ ɚɝɭɥɶɧɚɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɩɪɷɚɦɛɭɥɵ, ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɍɫɬɚʆɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɚ ɡɦɹɲɱɚɥɚ 8 ɩɭɧɤɬɚʆ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɚɝɚ ɡɦɟɫɬɭ.
1) Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɭ ɪɭɛɹɠɚɯ ɪɚɫɫɹɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɤɨɥɶɤɚɫɧɚɣ ɩɟɪɚɜɚɝɿ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɭ ɚɛɜɹɲɱɚɟɰɰɚ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɣ.
122
DZșȎȐȎ 8. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ ǽǮȅǮȀǸȁ ǻǮǷǻǼǬȆǮDZǮ ȅǮǿȁ. DzǵȍǾǴǮǬǻǮǿȄȊ ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿI Ǭ ǽǮǿǹȍǸǮǿȀǾȉȅǻIȄǸI ǽdzǾȉȍDz (1917 – 1920 ȑȑ.)
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2) Ⱥɫɧɨʆɧɵɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ |
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ |
Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ |
ɡɚɰɜɟɪɞɡɿɰɶ |
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ɍɫɬɚɧɨʆɱɵ ɫɨɣɦ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɫɤɥɿɤɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɚɫɧɨɜɚɯ ɚɝɭɥɶɧɚɝɚ, ɪɨʆɧɚɝɚ, ɩɪɨɫɬɚɝɚ, |
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ɩɚɬɚɟɦɧɚɝɚ ɿ ɩɪɚɩɚɪɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɜɵɛɚɪɱɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɧɟ ɡɜɚɠɚɸɱɵ ɧɚ ɪɨɞ, |
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ɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɫɰɶ, ɪɷɥɿɝɿɸ. |
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3) Ⱦɚ ɱɚɫɭ, ɩɚɤɭɥɶ ɡɛɹɪɷɰɰɚ ɍɫɬɚɧɨʆɱɵ ɫɨɣɦ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɡɚɤɚɧɚɞɚʆɱɚɹ |
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ʆɥɚɞɚ ʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɰɵ ɧɚɥɟɠɵɰɶ Ɋɚɞɡɟ ɍɫɟɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ |
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ɡ’ɟɡɞɚ, ɞɚɩɨʆɧɟɧɚɣ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɧɿɤɚɦɿ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɧɲɚɫɰɹʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ. |
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4) ȼɵɤɚɧɚʆɱɚɹ |
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ɿ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɣɧɚɹ ʆɥɚɞɚ ʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ |
ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ |
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Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɰɵ ɧɚɥɟɠɵɰɶ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɦɭ ɋɚɤɪɚɬɚɪɵɹɬɭ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɱɚɟɰɰɚ |
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Ɋɚɞɚɣ ɡ’ɟɡɞɚ ɿ ɩɟɪɚɞ ɺɣ ɬɪɵɦɚɟ ɚɞɤɚɡ. |
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5) ɍ ɪɭɛɹɠɚɯ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ ɚɛɜɹɲɱɚɟɰɰɚ ɫɜɚɛɨɞɚ |
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ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɞɪɭɤɭ, ɫɯɨɞɚʆ, ɡɚɛɚɫɬɨɜɚɤ, ɛɹɡɭɦɨʆɧɚɹ ɜɨɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ ɫɭɦɥɟɧɧɹ, |
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ɧɟɞɚɬɵɤɚɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ ɦɚɺɦɚɫɰɿ. |
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6) ɍ ɪɭɛɹɠɚɯ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ ʆɫɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɵ ɦɚɸɰɶ ɩɪɚɜɚ |
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ɧɚ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚ-ɩɟɪɫɚɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚʆɬɚɧɨɦɿɸ, ɚɛɜɹɲɱɚɟɰɰɚ ɪɨʆɧɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ʆɫɿɯ |
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ɦɨʆ ɧɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ. |
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7) ɍ |
ɪɭɛɹɠɚɯ |
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Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ |
ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ |
Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ |
ɩɪɚɜɚ |
ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɚɣ |
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ɭɥɚɫɧɚɫɰɿ ɧɚ ɡɹɦɥɸ ɫɤɚɫɨʆɜɚɟɰɰɚ. Ɂɹɦɥɹ йɩɟɪɚɞɚɟɰɰɚ ɛɟɡ ɜɵɤɭɩɭ ɬɵɦ, ɯɬɨ ɫɚɦ |
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ɧɚ ɺɣ ɩɪɚɰɭɟ. Ʌɹɫɵ, ɚɡɺɪɵ ɿ ɧɟɬɪɵ ɡɹɦɥɿ ɚɛɜɹɲɱɚɸɰɰɚ ʆɥɚɫɧɚɫɰɸ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ |
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ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ. |
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8) ɍ |
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ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ |
Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ |
ʆɫɬɚɧɚʆɥɿɜɚɟɰɰɚ |
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ɪɭɛɹɠɚɯ |
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ |
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ɧɚɣɛɨɥɶɲɵ 8-ɝɚɞɡɿɧɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɵ ɞɡɟɧɶ. |
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Ɍɚɤɿɦ ɱɵɧɚɦ, ɭ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɍɫɬɚʆɧɨɣ Ƚɪɚɦɚɰɟ ɛɵʆ ɫɮɚɪɦɭɥɿɪɚɜɚɧɵ ɿɞɷɚɥ |
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ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɫɰɿ. Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɛɚɱɵɥɚɫɹ ɞɷɦɚɤɪɚɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɩɪɚɜɚɜɨɣ |
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з |
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ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɣ ɡ ɲɵɪɨɤɿɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɦ ɩɪɚɜɨʆ ɿ ɫɜɚɛɨɞ ɹɟ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧ. |
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о |
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Ⱥɞɧɚɤ, ɧɹɝɥɟɞɡɹɱɵ ɧɚ ʆ ɰɷɥɵɦ ɩɪɚɝɪɷɫɿʆɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪ, ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɍɫɬɚʆɧɚɹ |
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Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ʆɫɺ ɠ ɬɚɤɿ ɤɚɦɩɪɚɦɿɫɧɵɦ ɞɚɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ. Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɚɛɜɹɲɱɚɥɚɫɹ |
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ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɣ, ɚɥɟ ɧɿɱɨɝɚ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɩɪɚ ɫɭɜɟɪɷɧɧɚɫɰɶ ȻɇɊ, ɹɟ |
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ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɸ ɿ ɚɞɧɨɫɿɧɵ ɞɚ ɫɭɫɟɞɧɿɯ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆ. |
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18 ɫɚɤɚɜɿɤɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ʆ ɫɤɥɚɞ Ɋɚɞɵ ȻɇɊ ɛɵɥɿ ɤɚɚɩɬɚɜɚɧɵ 6 ɱɥɟɧɚʆ |
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ȼɿɥɟɧɫɤɚɣ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ Ɋɚɞɵ, ɲɬɨ ʆɦɚɰɚɜɚɥɚ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɿɰɤɭɸ ɩɥɵɧɶ. |
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ɇɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɿɰɤɿɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɿ ʆɡɦɚɰɧɿɥɿɫɹ ɿ ɬɵɦ, ɲɬɨ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɹ ɚɞɦɨɜɿɥɚɫɹ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɰɶ |
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еɍɫɬɚʆɧɭɸ Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɭ 9 ɫɚɤɚɜɿɤɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɿ ɩɚ-ɪɚɧɟɣɲɚɦɭ ɪɚɡɝɥɹɞɚɥɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ |
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ɹɤ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ Ɋɚɫɿɿ. |
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ɍ ɝɷɬɵɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ 25 ɫɚɤɚɜɿɤɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ Ɋɚɞɚ ȻɇɊ ɩɪɵɧɹɥɚ ɬɪɷɰɸɸ |
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ɍɫɬɚʆɧɭɸ |
Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɭ, |
ɹɤɚɹ |
ɚɛɜɹɫɰɿɥɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɭɸ |
ɇɚɪɨɞɧɭɸ |
Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɭ |
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“ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɸ ɿ ɜɨɥɶɧɚɸ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɚɸ”, ɭ ɹɤɨɣ “ɫɚɦɿ ɧɚɪɨɞɵ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ʆ ɚɫɨɛɟ |
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ɍɫɬɚɧɨʆɱɚɝɚ ɋɨɣɦɭ ɩɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɰɶ ɚɛ ɛɭɞɭɱɵɯ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵɯ ɫɭɜɹɡɹɯ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ”. |
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123
DZșȎȐȎ 8. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ ǽǮȅǮȀǸȁ ǻǮǷǻǼǬȆǮDZǮ ȅǮǿȁ. DzǵȍǾǴǮǬǻǮǿȄȊ ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿI Ǭ ǽǮǿǹȍǸǮǿȀǾȉȅǻIȄǸI ǽdzǾȉȍDz (1917 – 1920 ȑȑ.)
Ɋɚɞɚ ȻɇɊ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɚɛ’ɹɜɿɥɚ ɚɛ ɫɜɚɿɯ ɧɚɦɟɪɚɯ ɩɟɪɚɝɥɟɞɡɿɰɶ ɭɦɨɜɵ Ȼɪɷɫɰɤɚɝɚ ɦɿɪɧɚɝɚ ɞɚɝɚɜɨɪɚ ʆ ɞɚɱɵɧɟɧɧɿ ɞɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ.
Ɍɪɷɰɹɹ ɍɫɬɚʆɧɚɹ Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɚ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɵɥɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɸ ɚɛɜɟɲɱɚɧɚɣ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɣ ȻɇɊ – ɭɫɟ ɡɟɦɥɿ, ɞɡɟ “ɠɵɜɟ ɿ ɦɚɟ ɥɿɱɛɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɚɜɚɝɭ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿ
ɧɚɪɨɞ” – ɿ ʆɞɚɤɥɚɞɧɿɥɚ: Ɇɚɝɿɥɺʆɲɱɵɧɭ, ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɿ |
Ɇɿɧɲɱɵɧɵ, |
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Ƚɪɨɞɡɟɧɲɱɵɧɭ, ȼɿɥɟɧɲɱɵɧɭ, ɋɦɚɥɟɧɲɱɵɧɭ, ɑɚɪɧɿɝɚʆɲɱɵɧɭ |
У |
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ɿ ɫɭɦɟɠɧɵɹ |
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ɱɚɫɬɤɿ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɹʆ, ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɵɹ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɚɦɿ. |
Т |
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ɍ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɷɧɧɿ ɬɪɷɰɹɣ ɍɫɬɚʆɧɨɣ Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɵ ɩɚɞɰɜɹɪɞɠɚɥɿɫɹ ʆɫɟ ɩɪɚɜɵ ɿ |
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ɜɨɥɶɧɚɫɰɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧ ȻɇɊ, ɚɛɜɟɲɱɚɧɵɹ 9 ɫɚɤɚɜɿɤɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ, ɿ ɜɵɤɚɡɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɧɚɞɡɟɹ, “ɲɬɨ ʆɫɟ ɥɸɛɹɱɵɹ ɜɨɥɸ ɧɚɪɨɞɵ ɞɚɩɚɦɨɝɭɰɶ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɦɭН ɧɚɪɨɞɭ ʆ ɩɨʆɧɚɣ ɦɟɪɵ ɡɞɡɟɣɫɧɿɰɶ ɹɝɨ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɚ-ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵɹ ɿɞɷɚɥɵ”.
Ɍɚɤɿɦ ɱɵɧɚɦ, ɬɪɵ ɞɚɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɟɪɲɚɹ, Бɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɿ ɬɪɷɰɹɹ ɍɫɬɚʆɧɵɹ Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɵ, ɪɚɡɜɿɜɚɸɱɵ ɿɞɷɸ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɫɰɿ, ɧɚɪɦɚɬɵʆɧɚ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɵɥɿ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɵɹ ɩɚɥɚɠɷɧɧɿ ɚɛ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵɦ ɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɫɤɿɦ ɥɚɞɡɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɭɥɚɫɧɚɫɰɿ ɧɚ ɡɹɦɥɸ ɿ ɹɟ ɧɟɬɪɵ, ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ,
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ɜɹɪɯɨʆɧɚɣ ɡɚɤɚɧɚɞɚʆɱɚɣ ɿ ɜɵɤɚɧɚʆɱɚɣ ɭɥɚɞɚɣ, ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɿ ɫɜɚɛɨɞɚɯ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧ, |
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ɫɬɚɬɭɫɟ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɧɲɚɫɰɟɣ. |
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ɍ ɫɜɚɿɦ ɫɩɚɥɭɱɷɧɧɿ Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɵ ɞɚɸɰɶйɭɹʆɥɟɧɧɟ ɚɛ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɩɚɡɿɰɵɿ |
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ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ. ɉɪɵɯɿɥɶɧɿɤɿ ɚɛɜɹɲɱɷɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ȻɇɊ ɧɟ |
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ɩɪɵɡɧɚɜɚɥɿ ɝɿɫɬɚɪɵɱɧɚɣ ɧɟɩɚɡɛɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ Ʉɚɫɬɪɵɱɧɿɰɤɚɣ ɪɷɜɚɥɸɰɵɿ ɿ |
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ɞɵɤɬɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɚɥɟɬɚɪɵɹɬɚ. əɧɵ ɩɪɚɩɚɧɨʆɜɚɥɿ, ɩɚ ɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɿ, ɬɪɚɞɵɰɵɣɧɵɹ |
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ɮɨɪɦɵ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɫɤɚɝɚ ɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɝɚ ɥɚɞɭ. Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɛɚɱɵɥɚɫɹ ɿɦ ɞɷɦɚɤɪɚɬɵɱɧɚɣ |
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ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɰɤɚɣ ɩɪɚɜɚɜɨɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɚɣ, ɭ ɹɤɨɣ ɛɭɞɭɰɶ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɚɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɵ ʆɫɿɯ ɹɟ |
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ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧ ɿ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɧɲɚɫɰɹʆ. ɇɟ ɩɪɵɦɚʆɫɹ ɤɭɪɫ ɛɚɥɶɲɚɜɿɤɨʆ ɧɚ |
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ɤɥɚɫɚɜɭɸ ɛɚɪɚɰɶɛɭ. |
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о |
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ɍ ɚɛɜɹɲɱɷɧɧɿ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ȻɇɊ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɿɱɨɝɚ ɞɡɿʆɧɚɝɚ. ɉɨɫɩɟɯ |
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ɜɵɡɜɚɥɟɧɱɚɝɚ ɪɭɯɭ ɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɚ ɡɚɜɹɪɲɚɟɰɰɚ ɿ ɡɚɦɚɰɨʆɜɚɟɰɰɚ ɫɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɟɦ |
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ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ. Ⱥɥɟ ɫɜɨɟɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚɫɰɶ ɫɿɬɭɚɰɵɿ, ɹɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɚɤɫɚɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ |
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ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɹ ʆ ɬɵɦ, ɲɬɨ ɫɭɜɟɪɷɧɧɚɹ ȻɇɊ ɛɵɥɚ ɚɛ’ɹʆɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ, ɞɡɟ |
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ʆɫɹ ʆɥɚɞɚ ɧɚɥɟɠɵɥɚ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɣ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɚɣ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɿ. Ɇɚɝɱɵɦɚɫɰɶ |
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ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɚɛɜɟɲɱɚɧɵɯ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚ-ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵɯ ɿɞɷɚɥɚʆ ɫɭɩɹɪɷɱɵɥɚ |
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ɩɚɥɿɬɵɰɵ ɤɚɣɡɟɪɚʆɫɤɚɣ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ʆ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɦ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɿ. |
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еȽɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɿ ʆɪɚɞ ɪɚɡɝɥɹɞɚʆ ɜɚɟɧɧɵɹ, ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɵɹ ɿ ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɵɹ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɡ |
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ɩɚɡɿɰɵɿ ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚɫɰɿ ʆɦɚɰɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɚɝɚ ɪɷɠɵɦɭ, ɦɚɤɫɿɦɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɜɵɩɚɦɩɨʆɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɵɪɚɜɿɧɧɵɯ ɿ ɯɚɪɱɨɜɵɯ ɪɷɫɭɪɫɚʆ ɡ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ. ɉɪɵɬɪɵɦɥɿɜɚɸɱɵɫɹ ɫɜɚɿɯ ɜɚɟɧɧɚ-ɷɤɚɧɚɦɿɱɧɵɯ ɦɷɬɚʆ, ɦɚɧɚɪɯɿɱɧɚɹ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɜɚɥɚ ɿ ɧɟ ɡɛɿɪɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɜɚɰɶ ɹɤɭɸ-ɧɟɛɭɞɡɶ ɩɚɪɚɥɟɥɶɧɭɸ ʆɥɚɞɭ. ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɚʆɬɚɧɨɦɿɹ – ɜɨɫɶ ɦɹɠɚ ɫɜɚɛɨɞɵ ɜɵɛɚɪɭ, ɹɤɭɸ
124
DZșȎȐȎ 8. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ ǽǮȅǮȀǸȁ ǻǮǷǻǼǬȆǮDZǮ ȅǮǿȁ. DzǵȍǾǴǮǬǻǮǿȄȊ ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿI Ǭ ǽǮǿǹȍǸǮǿȀǾȉȅǻIȄǸI ǽdzǾȉȍDz (1917 – 1920 ȑȑ.)
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ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɵɹ ʆɥɚɞɵ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚɜɿɥɿ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɦɭ ɧɚɪɨɞɭ, ɡɵɯɨɞɡɹɱɵ ɩɟɪɲ ɡɚ ʆɫɺ |
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ɡ ɭɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɝɟɚɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɵɯ ɿɧɬɚɪɷɫɚʆ. |
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ɍɫɬɚʆɧɵɹ Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɵ ʆ ɚɝɭɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɵɫɚɯ ɚɤɪɷɫɥɿɥɿ ɿɞɷɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɦɚɞɷɥɶ |
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Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ. Ⱥɥɟ ɝɷɬɵɹ ɿɞɷɿ ɬɪɷɛɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɜɚɰɶ ɧɚ |
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ɩɪɚɤɬɵɰɵ. Ɍɚɦɭ Ɋɚɞɚ ɿ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɵ ɋɚɤɪɚɬɚɪɵɹɬ ɩɪɵɤɥɚɥɿ ɧɹɦɚɥɚ ɧɚɦɚɝɚɧɧɹʆ, |
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ɤɚɛ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɜɚɰɶ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɹ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵɹ ɿɧɫɬɵɬɭɬɵ ʆ ɰɷɧɬɪɵ ɿ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɰɚɯ. |
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20 ɤɪɚɫɚɜɿɤɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ Ɋɚɞɚ ȻɇɊ ɩɪɵɦɚɟ “ɑɚɫɨɜɵ ɧɚɤɚɡ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɵɦ |
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ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɦ ɪɚɞɚɦ”. ɍ ɇɚɤɚɡɟ ɡɦɹɲɱɚɥɿɫɹ ɚɫɧɨʆɧɵɹ ɩɚɥɚɠɷɧɧɿ, ɹɤɿɹ ɬɵɱɵɥɿɫɹ |
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ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɿ |
“ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɵɯ |
ɭɫɬɚɧɨʆ |
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ |
ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ” – ɫɟɥɶɫɤɿɯ, |
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ɜɚɥɚɫɧɵɯ, ɩɚɜɹɬɨɜɵɯ, ɦɟɫɬɚɱɤɨɜɵɯ, ɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɿɯ ɿ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɿɯ ɪɚɞ. ɒɵɪɵɧɹ |
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ɩɚʆɧɚɦɨɰɬɜɚʆ |
ɦɹɫɰɨɜɵɯ |
ɪɚɞ ɭ |
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ɡɧɚɱɧɚɣ ɦɟɪɵ |
ɡɚɥɟɠɵɥɚ ɚɞ ɩɚɡɿɰɵɿ |
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ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɵɯ ɭɥɚɞ. |
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12 ɱɷɪɜɟɧɹ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ əɡɷɩ ȼɚɪɨɧɤɚ ɩɚɞɩɿɫɚʆ ɞɷɤɪɷɬ, ɹɤɿ ɚɛ’ɹɜɿʆ |
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ɧɹɞɡɟɣɫɧɵɦɿ ɧɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ȻɇɊ “ɭɫɟ ɞɷɤɪɷɬɵ ʆɪɚɞɚ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɛɵɥɵɯ |
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ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɚɦɿɫɚɪɚʆ Ɂɚɯɨɞɧɹɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ ɿ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ”. |
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ɍ ɤɚɫɬɪɵɱɧɿɤɭ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ Ɋɚɞɚ ɡɚɰɜɟɪɞɡɿɥɚ “ɋɬɚɬɭɬ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɟ |
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ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɟ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ”. |
Ɂɝɨɞɧɚ ɡ ɿɦ ɭɪɚɱɵɫɬɚ ɚɛɜɹɲɱɚɥɚɫɹ, ɲɬɨ ɜɹɪɯɨʆɧɚɹ |
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р |
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ʆɥɚɞɚ ʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɧɚɥɟɠɵɰɶ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɦɭйɿ ɿɧɲɵɦ ɧɚɪɨɞɚɦ, ɹɤɿɹ ɧɚɫɹɥɹɸɰɶ |
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ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɸ ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ. ȼɹɪɯɨʆɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɚɧɚɞɚʆɱɚɹ ʆɥɚɞɚ ɡɞɡɹɣɫɧɹɥɚɫɹ ɋɨɣɦɚɦ, |
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ɚɛɪɚɧɵɦ ɧɚ |
ɚɫɧɨɜɟ |
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о |
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ɪɨʆɧɚɝɚ, |
ɬɚɣɧɚɝɚ, |
ɩɪɨɫɬɚɝɚ ɿ |
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ʆɫɟɚɝɭɥɶɧɚɝɚ, |
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ɩɪɚɩɚɪɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɜɵɛɚɪɱɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ. Ⱦɚ ɜɵɛɚɪɚʆ ɋɨɣɦɭ ɡɚɤɚɧɚɞɚʆɱɚɹ ʆɥɚɞɚ |
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ɩɚɜɿɧɧɚ ɧɚɥɟɠɵɰɶ Ɋɚɞɡɟ ȻɇɊ, ɚ ɜɵɲɷɣɲɚɹ ɜɵɤɚɧɚʆɱɚɹ ʆɥɚɞɚ – ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɦɭ |
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ɋɚɤɪɚɬɚɪɵɹɬɭ. |
и |
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11 ɤɚɫɬɪɵɱɧɿɤɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɵ ɋɚɤɪɚɬɚɪɵɹɬ ɛɵʆ ɩɟɪɚɣɦɟɧɚɜɚɧɵ ʆ |
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з |
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Ɋɚɞɭ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɪɚʆ. əɟ ʆɡɧɚɱɚɥɿʆ Ⱥɧɬɨɧ Ʌɭɰɤɟɜɿɱ. |
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о |
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ɍɜɨɝɭɥɟ, ɩɨɫɩɟɯɿ Ɋɚɞɵ ȻɇɊ ɭ ɝɚɥɿɧɟ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɝɚ ɛɭɞɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɛɵɥɿ |
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ɧɹɡɧɚɱɧɵɦɿ. Ɍɚɦɭ ɛɵɥɿ ɚɛ’ɟɤɬɵʆɧɵɹ ɩɪɵɱɵɧɵ, ɬɚɦɭ ɲɬɨ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɹ |
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п |
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ɩɚɞɬɪɵɦɥɿɜɚɥɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɬɨɟ, ɲɬɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɪɚɧɚɥɚ ɹɟ ʆɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɿɧɬɚɪɷɫɚʆ. əɧɚ |
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ɡɪɚɛɿɥɚ ʆɫɺ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɝɨ, ɤɚɛ ɭɪɚɞ ȻɇɊ ɧɟ ɫɬɜɚɪɵʆ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɡɛɪɨɟɧɵɯ ɫɿɥ ɿ |
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Р |
ɩɚɥɿɰɵɸ. |
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Ɂɵɯɨɞɡɹɱɵ ɡ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ, ɜɟɫɰɿ ɝɭɬɚɪɤɭ ɚɛ ɫɜɚɛɨɞɡɟ, ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ |
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ɫɚɦɚɫɬɨɣɧɚɫɰɿ ȻɇɊ, ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚ ɧɚ ʆɡɪɨʆɧɿ ʆɧɭɬɪɚɧɚɝɚ ɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɹ, ɜɵɩɪɚɰɨʆɤɿ ɿ |
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еɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɚʆ, ɤɚɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɿɯ ɜɵɤɚɧɚɧɧɟɦ, ɛɵɥɨ ɛ ɡɧɚɱɧɵɦ |
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ɩɟɪɚɛɨɥɶɲɚɧɧɟɦ. |
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ɉɷʆɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɩɟɯɚʆ ȻɇɊ ɞɚɫɹɝɧɭɥɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ʆ ɪɚɡɜɿɰɰɿ ɚɫɜɟɬɵ ɿ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. |
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ɉɚɜɨɞɥɟ ɪɨɡɧɵɯ ɩɚɞɥɿɤɚʆ, ɩɪɚɰɚɜɚɥɿ ɚɞ 150 ɞɚ 350 ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɲɤɨɥ. |
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ɉɚɞɪɵɯɬɨʆɤɚ ɧɚɫɬɚʆɧɿɤɚʆ ɜɹɥɚɫɹ ʆ ɋɜɿɫɥɚɱɫɤɚɣ ɝɿɦɧɚɡɿɿ ɿ Ɇɿɧɫɤɿɦ |
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ɩɟɞɿɧɫɬɵɬɭɰɟ. ɍ ɤɪɚɫɚɜɿɤɭ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚɫɧɚɜɚɧɚ Ɇɿɧɫɤɚɹ ɜɵɲɷɣɲɚɹ |
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ɦɭɡɵɱɧɚɹ |
ɲɤɨɥɚ, ɹɤɚɹ |
ɧɟʆɡɚɛɚɜɟ |
ɩɟɪɚʆɬɜɚɪɵɥɚɫɹ ʆ |
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɭɸ |
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125
DZșȎȐȎ 8. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ ǽǮȅǮȀǸȁ ǻǮǷǻǼǬȆǮDZǮ ȅǮǿȁ. DzǵȍǾǴǮǬǻǮǿȄȊ ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿI Ǭ ǽǮǿǹȍǸǮǿȀǾȉȅǻIȄǸI ǽdzǾȉȍDz (1917 – 1920 ȑȑ.)
ɤɚɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɵɸ. ɍ ɤɪɚɫɚɜɿɤɭ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɚ ɩɚɞɪɵɯɬɨʆɱɚɹ ɤɚɦɿɫɿɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɞɤɪɵɰɰɹ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬɚ ʆ Ɇɿɧɫɤɭ, ɭ ɹɤɭɸ ʆɜɚɣɲɥɿ Ɇ. ȾɨʆɧɚɪɁɚɩɨɥɶɫɤɿ, ə. Ʉɚɪɫɤɿ ɿ ɿɧɲ. ɉɚ ɿɧɿɰɵɹɬɵɜɟ ȱ. Ʌɭɰɤɟɜɿɱɚ ʆ 1918 ɝɨɞɡɟ ɩɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɡɟɣɧɿɱɚɰɶ ɩɟɪɲɚɹ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ – Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɟ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚɟ
ɬɚɜɚɪɵɫɬɜɚ. ȼɵɞɚɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɹ ɤɧɿɝɿ, ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɵ ɿ ɝɚɡɟɬɵ. |
У |
Ɍɪɷɰɹɹ ɍɫɬɚʆɧɚɹ Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɚ ɚɛɜɹɫɰɿɥɚ ɚɛ ɩɨʆɧɚɣ ɫɚɦɚɫɬɨɣɧɚɫɰɿ ɿ |
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ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ȻɇɊ ɿ ɚɞɧɚɱɚɫɨɜɚ ɡɚɹɜɿɥɚ: “ɋɚɦɿ ɧɚɪɨɞɵ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɭ ɚɫɨɛɟ |
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ɫɜɚɣɝɨ ɍɫɬɚɧɨʆɱɚɝɚ ɋɨɣɦɭ, ɩɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɰɶ ɚɛ ɛɭɞɭɱɵɯ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵɯ ɫɭɜɹɡɹɯ
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ”. |
Н |
Ɂ ɤɿɦ ɠɚ ɦɟɪɤɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ ʆɫɬɚɥɹɜɚɰɶ ɬɚɤɿɹ ɫɭɜɹɡɿ? Ⱥɞɤɚɡ ɧɚ ɝɷɬɚɟ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɟ |
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ɧɟ ɛɵʆ ɚɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɧɵɦ ɿ ɧɹɪɷɞɤɚ ɤɚɪɞɵɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɡɦɟɧɶɜɚʆɫɹ ʆ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ɚɞ |
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ɚɛɫɬɚɜɿɧ. |
Б |
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ɋɚɦɚ ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚɫɰɶ ɿɫɧɚɜɚɧɧɹ ȻɇɊ ɭ ɪɚɲɚɸɱɚɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɵɥɚ ɚɞ |
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ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɿ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ. Ɂɚ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚ-ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɚɟ ɡɛɥɿɠɷɧɧɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɿɥɚ ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɚɟ Ɇɟɧɫɤɚɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɟ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ, 10 ɫɹɛɪɨʆ ɹɤɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɱɚɥɟ ɡ Ɋ. ɋɤɿɪɦɭɧɬɚɦ
и |
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12 ɤɪɚɫɚɜɿɤɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɿ ɤɚɚɩɬɚɜɚɧɵ ʆ ɫɤɥɚɞ Ɋɚɞɵ ȻɇɊ. |
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ɉɚɞ ɿɯ ɧɟɩɚɫɪɷɞɧɵɦ ɭɩɥɵɜɚɦ 25 ɤɪɚɫɚɜɿɤɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɦ |
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р |
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ɩɚɫɹɞɠɷɧɧɿ Ɋɚɞɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɚɞɬɪɵɦɚɧɚ ɩɪɚɩɚɧɨɜɚй |
ɡɜɚɪɨɬɚ ɞɚ ɤɚɣɡɟɪɚ. ɍ |
ɬɷɥɟɝɪɚɦɟ, ɧɚɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɚɣ ȼɿɥɶɝɟɥɶɦɭ, ɜɵɤɚɡɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɚɞɡɹɤɚ ɡɚ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɟɧɧɟ |
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о |
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɚɞ ɛɚɥɶɲɚɜɿɰɤɚɝɚ ɝɧɺɬɭ ɿ ɚɧɚɪɯɿɿ ɿ ɡɦɹɲɱɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɚ ɚɛɚɪɚɧɿɰɶ |
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ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɶ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɿ ɹɟ ɧɟɩɚɞɡɟɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ. |
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Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɝɷɬɵ ɫɜɹɞɨɦɵ ɤɚɦɩɪɚɦɿɫ, ɧɚ ɹɤɿ ɩɚɣɲɥɿ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɹ ɞɡɟɹɱɵ ɩɚɞ |
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и |
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ɭɩɥɵɜɚɦ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɧɚ ɧɟɫɩɪɵɹɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɛɫɬɚɜɿɧ, ɧɟ ɩɪɵɧɺɫ ɫɬɚɧɨʆɱɵɯ ɜɵɧɿɤɚʆ. |
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ɍɪɚɞ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ɧɟ ɩɪɵɡɧɚʆ ȻɇɊ. |
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з |
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Ⱥɤɪɚɦɹ ɬɚɝɨ, ɚɞɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɩɪɚɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɚɪɵɟɧɬɚɰɵɹ Ɋɚɞɵ ȻɇɊ ɩɪɵɜɹɥɚ |
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о |
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ɞɚ ɪɚɫɤɨɥɭ ȻɋȽ ɿ ɤɪɵɡɿɫɭ ʆɪɚɞɚ. Ɋɚɞɭ ȻɇɊ ɩɚɤɿɧɭɥɿ ɷɫɷɪɵ, ɦɟɧɲɚɜɿɤɿ, |
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ɋɹɪɨɞ ɞɡɟɹɱɚʆ ȻɇɊ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɚɞɡɿɧɚɣ ɞɭɦɤɿ ɧɚɤɨɧɬ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚ-ɪɚɫɿɣɫɤɿɯ еɫɭɜɹɡɹʆ. Ⱥɝɭɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɿɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟɩɪɵɧɹɰɰɟ ɛɚɥɶɲɚɜɿɰɤɚɣ ɭɥɚɞɵ. ȱɫɧɚɜɚɥɚ Рɩɟɪɚɤɚɧɚɧɧɟ ʆ ɧɹɞɚʆɝɚɜɟɱɧɚɫɰɿ ɋɚɜɟɰɤɚɣ Ɋɚɫɿɿ, ɬɚɦɭ ɡɜɹɡɜɚɰɶ ɡ ɺɣ ɥɺɫ
ɹʆɪɷɣɫɤɿɹ ɫɚɰɵɹɥɿɫɬɵ. Ʌɚɹɥɶɧɵɹ ɚɞɧɨɫɿɧɵ Ɋɚɞɵ ɞɚ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɿɯ ɭɥɚɞ ɜɵɤɥɿɤɚɥɿ ɧɟɩɚɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɧɟп ɿ ɦɚɫɚɜɵ ɩɪɚɬɷɫɬ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ.
ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɫɰɿ ɥɿɱɵɥɚɫɹ ɪɵɡɵɤɨʆɧɵɦ ɿ ɧɟɩɚɬɪɷɛɧɵɦ.
ɍ ɬɨɣ ɠɚ ɱɚɫ ɚɞɦɨɜɿɰɰɚ ɚɞ ɭɫɹɤɿɯ ɫɭɜɹɡɹʆ ɡ Ɋɚɫɿɹɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟɦɚɝɱɵɦɚ: ɦɨɰɧɵɦɿ ɛɵɥɿ ɝɿɫɬɚɪɵɱɧɵɹ ɬɪɚɞɵɰɵɿ, ɡɧɚɱɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɧɟ ʆɹʆɥɹɥɚ ɫɚɛɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɩɚ-ɡɚ ɦɟɠɚɦɿ Ɋɚɫɿɣɫɤɚɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ. Ɂ ɥɟɬɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ, ɤɚɥɿ ɫɬɚʆ ɜɿɞɚɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɣɝɪɵɲ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ʆ ɜɚɣɧɟ, ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɤɿ ȻɇɊ ɩɪɚɞɩɪɵɦɚɸɰɶ ɲɷɪɚɝ ɫɩɪɨɛ ɧɚɥɚɞɡɿɰɶ ɫɭɜɹɡɿ ɡ ɋɚɜɟɰɤɚɣ Ɋɚɫɿɹɣ.
ɇɚ ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɷɦ’ɟɪ-ɦɿɧɿɫɬɪ ȻɇɊ Ⱥɧɬɨɧ Ʌɭɰɤɟɜɿɱ ɧɚɜɟɞɚʆ Ɇɚɫɤɜɭ ɡ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɚɣ ɩɪɚɩɚɧɨɜɚɣ: ɭɪɚɞ ȻɇɊ ɝɚɬɨɜɵ ʆɜɟɫɰɿ ʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ
126
DZșȎȐȎ 8. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ ǽǮȅǮȀǸȁ ǻǮǷǻǼǬȆǮDZǮ ȅǮǿȁ. DzǵȍǾǴǮǬǻǮǿȄȊ ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿI Ǭ ǽǮǿǹȍǸǮǿȀǾȉȅǻIȄǸI ǽdzǾȉȍDz (1917 – 1920 ȑȑ.)
ɫɚɜɟɰɤɭɸ ɤɚɧɫɬɵɬɭɰɵɸ ɿ ʆɫɬɚɧɚɜɿɰɶ ɮɟɞɷɪɚɬɵʆɧɵɹ ɫɭɜɹɡɿ ɡ ɊɋɎɋɊ ɭ |
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ɜɵɩɚɞɤɭ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ȻɇɊ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɫɩɪɨɛɵ ɧɚɥɚɞɡɿɰɶ |
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ɤɚɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɵʆɧɵɹ ʆɡɚɟɦɚɚɞɧɨɫɿɧɵ ɡ ɋɚɜɟɰɤɚɣ Ɋɚɫɿɹɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɵɥɿɫɹ ɛɟɡɜɵɧɿɤɨɜɚ. |
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ɋɹɪɨɞ ɫɬɜɚɪɚɥɶɧɿɤɚʆ ȻɇɊ ɡɧɚɱɧɵɦ ɭɩɥɵɜɚɦ ɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɥɿɫɹ ɩɪɵɯɿɥɶɧɿɤɿ |
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ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚ-ɩɨɥɶɫɤɚɝɚ |
ɡɛɥɿɠɷɧɧɹ. |
Ⱥɞɧɚɤ |
ɭɫɬɚɥɹɜɚɰɶ |
ɫɚɸɡ ɡ ɉɨɥɶɲɱɚɣ Ɋɚɞɚ |
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ȻɇɊ ɧɟ ɡɦɚɝɥɚ. ɇɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ɡ ɥɿɞɷɪɚʆ ȻɇɊ Ⱥ. |
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ɐɜɿɤɟɜɿɱɚ, ɜɵɪɚɲɷɧɧɟ |
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Т |
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ɩɵɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɛ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚ-ɩɨɥɶɫɤɿɯ ɚɞɧɨɫɿɧɚɯ ɫɬɪɵɦɥɿɜɚʆ ɲɷɪɚɝ ɩɪɵɱɵɧ, ɫɹɪɨɞ |
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ɹɤɿɯ ɝɚɥɨʆɧɵɦɿ ɛɵɥɿ ɧɹɜɵɡɧɚɱɚɧɚɫɰɶ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚ-ɩɨɥɶɫɤɚɣ ɷɬɧɿɱɧɚɣ ɝɪɚɧɿɰɵ ɿ |
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ɚɞɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɶ |
ɩɨʆɧɵɯ |
ɫɬɚɬɵɫɬɵɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɞɡɟɧɵɯ ɚɛ |
ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɤɥɚɞɡɟ |
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ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɩɚɝɪɚɧɿɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɺɧɚʆ. |
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Н |
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Ɂ ɚɛɜɹɲɱɷɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ȻɇɊ |
ɩɚɱɚʆɫɹ, ɩɚ ɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɿ, ɧɨɜɵ ɷɬɚɩ |
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Б |
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ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚ-ɭɤɪɚɿɧɫɤɿɯ ɭɡɚɟɦɚɚɞɧɨɫɿɧ. ɍɤɪɚɿɧɫɤɚɹ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɚ “ɞɷ- |
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ɮɚɤɬɚ” ɩɪɵɡɧɚɥɚ ȻɇɊ. Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɷɪɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɩɪɚʆ ɍɤɪɚɿɧɵ ɚɞɤɪɵɥɚ ʆ |
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Ɇɿɧɫɤɭ ɫɜɚɺ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɫɬɜɚ. Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɵ ȻɇɊ ɛɵɥɿ ʆ Ʉɿɟɜɟ ɿ Ⱥɞɷɫɟ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɭɪɚɞ |
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ɍɤɪɚɿɧɫɤɚɣ Ɋɚɞɵ |
ɯɨɰɶ ɿ ɜɵɤɚɡɜɚʆ |
ɫɿɦɩɚɬɵɿ |
ɦɚɥɚɞɨɦɭ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɦɭ |
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ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɦɭ ʆɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɸ, ɭ ɬɨɣ ɠɚ ɱɚɫ ɯɭɬɤɚ ɩɚɱɚʆ ɩɪɚɹʆɥɹɰɶ ɡɚɯɨɩɧɿɰɤɿɹ |
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ɬɷɧɞɷɧɰɵɿ |
ʆ ɞɚɱɵɧɟɧɧɿ ɞɚ |
ɩɚʆɞɧɺɜɵɯ |
ɱɚɫɬɚɤ |
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ. |
ɍɜɨɝɭɥɟ, |
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ɧɹɜɵɫɜɟɬɥɟɧɚɟ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɟ ɚɛ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɩɚɦɿɠйɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɦɿ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɚ ʆɫɤɥɚɞɧɹɥɚ |
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ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚ-ɭɤɪɚɿɧɫɤɿɹ ʆɡɚɟɦɚɚɞɧɨɫɿɧɵ. |
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ɍ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɡɟ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɚ ɞɚɪɭɱɷɧɧɸ Ⱥɧɬɨɧɚ Ʌɭɰɤɟɜɿɱɚ Ɋɚɞɚ ȻɇɊ |
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ɩɪɚɜɹɥɚ ɩɟɪɚɝɚɜɨɪɵ ɡ Ʌɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɣ Ɍɚɪɵɛɚɣ. ɍ ɜɵɧɿɤɭ ɞɚɫɹɝɧɭɬɵɯ ɩɚɝɚɞɧɟɧɧɹʆ |
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ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɚɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɚ 25 ɩɪɚɰɷɧɬɚʆ |
ɚɝɭɥɶɧɚɣ ɤɨɥɶɤɚɫɰɿ |
ɦɟɫɰɚʆ ɭ |
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и |
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Ɍɚɪɵɛɟ ɿ ɚɞɧɨ ɦɟɫɰɚ ʆ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɰɟ ɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚʆ. Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɹ ɧɚɛɵɜɚɥɚ |
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ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɚʆɬɚɧɨɦɧɚɣ ɚɞɡɿɧɤɿ ɡ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɦɨɜɚɣ ɭ ɹɤɚɫɰɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ. 1 ɫɧɟɠɧɹ |
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1918 ɝɨɞɚ ʆ ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɦ ɭɪɚɞɡɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɚ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɷɪɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɫɩɪɚʆ ɧɚ |
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ɱɚɥɟ ɡ əɡɷɩɚɦ ȼɚɪɨɧɤɚɦ. ɉɚɞ ɹɝɨ ɤɚɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɟɪɚɣɲɥɿ ɬɵɹ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɹ |
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ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ, ɹɤɿɹ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɹ ɩɚ ʆɦɨɜɚɯ Ȼɪɷɫɰɤɚɝɚ ɦɿɪɭ ɩɟɪɚɞɚɜɚɥɚ Ʌɿɬɜɟ. |
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п |
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28 ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɚɞɛɵɥɨɫɹ ɚɩɨɲɧɹɟ ʆ ɬɵɦ ɝɨɞɡɟ ɩɚɫɹɞɠɷɧɧɟ Ɋɚɞɵ |
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ȻɇɊ ɭ Ɇɿɧɫɤɭ. ɇɚ ɿɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɵɧɹɬɚ Ƚɪɚɦɚɬɚ ɡ ɡɚɤɥɿɤɚɦ ɞɚ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ |
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ɝɭɪɬɚɜɚɰɰɚ ɜɚɤɨɥ ȻɇɊ ɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ʆɪɚɞɚ ɿ ɫɬɜɚɪɚɰɶ ɩɚ ʆɫɺɣ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ |
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Р |
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ɦɹɫɰɨɜɵɹ ɪɚɞɵ ɫɹɥɹɧɫɤɿɯ ɿ ɪɚɛɨɱɵɯ ɞɷɩɭɬɚɬɚʆ. |
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Ⱥɞɵɯɨɞ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɿɯ ɜɨɣɫɤ ɩɚɫɬɚɜɿʆ ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ ȻɇɊ ɭ ɧɹɥɺɝɤɿɹ |
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еɚɛɫɬɚɜɿɧɵ. ɇɟ ɦɚɸɱɵ ʆɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɭɡɛɪɨɟɧɵɯ ɫɿɥ, Ɋɚɞɚ ɧɟ ɦɚɝɥɚ ɡɚɦɚɰɚɜɚɰɶ ɡɚ |
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ɫɚɛɨɣ ɭɥɚɞɭ. ɇɟɚɞɧɚɪɚɡɨɜɵɹ ɡɜɚɪɨɬɵ ɞɚ ɛɭɣɧɵɯ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆ ɧɟ ɦɟɥɿ ɫɬɚɧɨʆɱɵɯ ɜɵɧɿɤɚʆ ɿ 3 ɫɧɟɠɧɹ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɚ ɞɚɦɨʆɥɟɧɚɫɰɿ ɡ Ʌɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɣ Ɍɚɪɵɛɚɣ Ɋɚɞɚ ɿ ɍɪɚɞ ȻɇɊ ɩɟɪɚɟɯɚɥɿ ʆ ȼɿɥɶɧɸ.
Ɍɚɤɿɦ ɱɵɧɚɦ, ɫɩɪɨɛɚ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚ-ɞɷɦɚɤɪɚɬɵɱɧɵɯ ɫɿɥ ɞɚɫɹɝɧɭɰɶ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɵɥɚɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɠɷɧɧɟɦ. ȻɇɊ, ɹɤ ɪɷɚɥɶɧɚɟ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɟ ʆɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɟ, ɧɟ ɫɤɥɚɥɚɫɹ. ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɟ ɫɚɦɚɜɵɡɧɚɱɷɧɧɟ ɩɚɬɪɚɛɭɟ
127
DZșȎȐȎ 8. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ ǽǮȅǮȀǸȁ ǻǮǷǻǼǬȆǮDZǮ ȅǮǿȁ. DzǵȍǾǴǮǬǻǮǿȄȊ ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿI Ǭ ǽǮǿǹȍǸǮǿȀǾȉȅǻIȄǸI ǽdzǾȉȍDz (1917 – 1920 ȑȑ.)
ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɞɷɤɥɚɪɚɰɵɣ, ɚɥɟ ɿ ɦɷɬɚɧɚɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɚɣ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɿ ɩɚ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɚɩɚɪɚɬɚ |
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ɜɹɪɯɨʆɧɚɣ ɿ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɚɣ ɭɥɚɞɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɚɧɚɣ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ, ɤɚɧɫɬɵɬɭɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɸ |
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ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ, ɜɵɩɪɚɰɨʆɰɵ, ɩɪɵɧɹɰɰɸ ɿ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɚʆ ɭ ɠɵɰɰɺ, ɜɵɤɚɧɚɧɧɿ |
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ɤɚɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɵɣ, ɝɚɪɚɧɬɵɿ ɩɪɚɜɨʆ ɿ ɫɜɚɛɨɞ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɡɹɧ ɿ ɝ. ɞ. Ƚɚɥɨʆɧɚɟ, |
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ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚ ɩɚɞɬɪɵɦɤɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚɦ ɚɤɬɚ ɫɚɦɚɜɵɡɧɚɱɷɧɧɹ. |
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ȻɇɊ ɠɚ ɚɛɜɹɲɱɚɥɚɫɹ |
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ʆ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɷɬɧɚɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚɝɚ ɪɚɫɫɹɥɟɧɧɹ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɚʆ, |
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ɚɥɟ ɫɜɚɸ ɸɪɵɫɞɵɤɰɵɸ ɧɚ ɝɷɬɚɣ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɹɧɚ ɧɟ ɚɠɵɰɰɹʆɥɹɥɚ. ɇɟ ɛɵɥɨ |
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ɚɪɦɿɿ, ɩɚɥɿɰɵɿ, ɚɞɫɭɬɧɿɱɚɥɚ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɚɜɚɹ ɫɿɫɬɷɦɚ, ɧɟ ɫɮɚɪɦɿɪɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ ʆɥɚɞɚ ɧɚ |
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ɦɟɫɰɚɯ, |
ɮɭɧɤɰɵɿ ɜɹɪɯɨʆɧɚɝɚ |
ʆɪɚɞɚ |
ɚɛɦɹɠɨʆɜɚɥɿɫɹ, ɭ ɚɫɧɨʆɧɵɦ, |
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ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚɦ ɩɪɵ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɵɯ ɭɥɚɞɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɜɵɪɚɲɷɧɧɟɦ ɲɷɪɚɝɭ |
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ɡɚɞɚɱ ɭ |
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚ-ɚɫɜɟɬɧɿɰɤɚɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɦɹɫɰɨɜɚɣ ɩɪɚɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɫɰɿ |
ɿ ɝɚɧɞɥɿ. |
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ȼɟɫɰɿ ɠ ɝɭɬɚɪɤɭ ɚɛ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɵɿ ɩɪɚɜɨʆ ɿ ɜɨɥɶɧɚɫɰɟɣ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɜɚ |
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ʆɦɨɜɚɯ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɨɝɭɥ ɧɟɦɚɝɱɵɦɚ. |
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ɇɟ ʆɫɺ ɡɪɚɡɭɦɟɥɚ ɿ ʆ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɿ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɝɚ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɧɧɹ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ |
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ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ. ɇɚɡɵɜɚɸɰɶ |
ɧɟɤɚɥɶɤɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆ, ɹɤɿɹ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɥɿ ȻɇɊ: |
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ɍɤɪɚɿɧɭ, Ʌɿɬɜɭ, Ʌɚɬɜɿɸ, ɑɷɯɚɫɥɚɜɚɤɿɸ, Ɏɿɧɥɹɧɞɵɸ, Ȼɚɥɝɚɪɵɸ. Ⱥɥɟ, ɹɤ |
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ɫɥɭɲɧɚ ɡɚʆɜɚɠɵʆ ɜɹɞɨɦɵ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿ ɞɚɫɥɟɞɱɵɤ-ɩɪɚɜɚɡɚɧʆɰɚ ȼ. Ʉɪɭɬɚɥɟɜɿɱ, |
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ɧɿɯɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɚɞɚɟ ʆ ɩɚɰɜɹɪɞɠɷɧɧɟ ɹɤɭɸ-ɧɟɛɭɞɡɶйɤɪɵɧɿɰɭ, ɧɟ ʆɤɚɡɜɚɟɰɰɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ |
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ɸɪɵɞɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɧɧɹ – ɩɪɵɡɧɚɧɧɟ ʆɪɚɞɚ ɰɿ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɧɧɟ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ. |
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ȱɞɷɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ɧɟ ɡɦɚɝɥɚ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɜɚɰɰɚ ʆ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ȻɇɊ. ɒɷɪɚɝ ɚɛɫɬɚɜɿɧ |
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ɡɧɟɲɧɟɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɿ ʆɧɭɬɪɚɧɚɝɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɭ ɩɪɵɜɺʆ ɞɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɚ ɧɟɩɚɡɛɟɠɧɚɝɚ |
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ɮɿɧɚɥɭ. |
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ɉɚ-ɩɟɪɲɚɟ, ɮɚɬɚɥɶɧɵ ɡɵɯɨɞ ɡɚɞɭɦ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɷɦɚɤɪɚɬɚʆ ɛɵʆ |
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ɩɪɚɞɜɵɡɧɚɱɚɧɵ ɧɟɫɩɪɵɹɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɟɚɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɚɪɚɦ. Ƚɪɚɦɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɞɭɦɤɚ |
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ȿʆɪɨɩɵ ɹɲɱɷ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɟɞɚɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɩɚɞɪɵɯɬɚɜɚɧɚ ɞɚ ʆɫɩɪɵɦɚɧɧɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɚ ɮɚɤɬɚ |
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ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭɸ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɭ. |
Ɏɚɤɬɵɱɧɚ |
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ɫɚɦɚɜɵɡɧɚɱɷɧɧɹ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ʆ |
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ɡ’ɹʆɥɟɧɧɟ ȻɇɊ ɧɚ ɚɪɷɧɟ ɜɚɣɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɡɟɹɧɧɹʆ ɧɟ ʆɩɿɫɜɚɥɚɫɹ ʆ ɩɥɚɧɵ ʆɪɚɞɚʆ |
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ɬɵɯ ɤɪɚɿɧ, ɹɤɿɹ ɬɪɵ ɝɚɞɵ ɜɹɥɿ ɡɝɭɛɧɭɸ ɜɚɣɧɭ, ɬɵɦ ɛɨɥɶɲ, ɲɬɨ ɧɚɛɥɿɠɚɥɚɫɹ |
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ɪɚɡɜɹɡɤɚ ɿ ɧɚɞɵɯɨɞɡɿʆ ɱɚɫ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɞɜɹɞɡɟɧɧɹ ɜɵɧɿɤɚʆ ɜɚɣɧɵ – ɩɚɞɡɟɥɭ |
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ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɣ. ȱɧɬɚɪɷɫɵ ɚɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɚʆ ɭɥɿɱɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɩɪɵ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɦɟɧɲ ɡɚ ʆɫɺ, |
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ɩɚɧɚɜɚɥɿ ɿɧɬɚɪɷɫɵ ʆɪɚɞɚɜɵɯ ɤɨɥɚʆ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆ – ɩɟɪɚɦɨɠɰɚʆ. Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɠ ɩɪɵ |
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ɝɷɬɵɦ ɩɚɞɡɟɥɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɤɚɧɚɜɚɧɚ ɪɨɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɧɧɚɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ. |
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еɉɚ-ɞɪɭɝɨɟ, ɧɟ ɦɟɧɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɸ ʆ ɩɪɵɱɵɧɚɯ ɧɟɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɜɚɧɚɫɰɿ ɤɚɧɰɷɩɰɵɿ |
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ȻɇɊ ɚɞɵɝɪɚɥɿ ɚɛɫɬɚɜɿɧɵ ʆɧɭɬɪɚɧɚɝɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɭ. ȱɞɷɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ɧɟ |
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ɚɬɪɵɦɚɥɚ ʆɫɟɚɝɭɥɶɧɚɣ ɩɚɞɬɪɵɦɤɿ. ɋɚɦɚɫɜɹɞɨɦɚɫɰɶ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ |
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ɡɝɚɞɚɧɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɹɲɱɷ ɮɚɪɦɿɪɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ. Ⱥɛ’ɹʆɥɹɸɱɵ ɪɚɡɪɵʆ ɡ Ɋɚɫɿɹɣ, |
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Ɋɚɞɚ ȻɇɊ ɧɟ ʆɥɿɱɵɥɚ ɪɷɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɹʆ ɦɚɫ. Ⱥɤɰɵɹ ɚɠɵɰɰɹʆɥɹɥɚɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ |
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ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɵɦɿ ɩɚɪɬɵɹɦɿ, ɹɤɿɹ ɧɟ ɩɚɫɩɟɥɿ ɩɟɪɚʆɬɜɚɪɵɰɰɚ ʆ ɦɚɫɚɜɵɹ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɿ |
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ɿ ɚɛ’ɹɞɧɨʆɜɚɥɿ ɩɟɪɚɜɚɠɧɚ |
ɿɧɬɷɥɿɝɟɧɬɚʆ. |
ɋɚɰɵɹɥɶɧɵ ɩɪɚɝɪɷɫ ɿɧɬɷɥɿɝɟɧɰɵɹ |
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DZșȎȐȎ 8. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ ǽǮȅǮȀǸȁ ǻǮǷǻǼǬȆǮDZǮ ȅǮǿȁ. DzǵȍǾǴǮǬǻǮǿȄȊ ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿI Ǭ ǽǮǿǹȍǸǮǿȀǾȉȅǻIȄǸI ǽdzǾȉȍDz (1917 – 1920 ȑȑ.)
ɫɩɚɥɭɱɚɥɚ ɡ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚ-ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵɦ ɫɚɦɚɜɵɡɧɚɱɷɧɧɟɦ, ɜɵɲɷɣɲɵɦ ɩɪɚɹʆɥɟɧɧɟɦ ɹɤɨɝɚ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɬɚɰɶ ɞɚɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɟ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɧɟ ɝɚɥɨʆɧɚɣ ɦɷɬɵ ɪɚɡɜɿɰɰɹ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɧɚɰɵɿ ɧɟ ɩɚɞɬɪɵɦɥɿɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɫɰɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɤɪɚɸ, ɞɥɹ ɹɤɨɝɚ ɝɚɥɨʆɧɵɦɿ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɫɚɰɵɹɥɶɧɵɹ
ɩɵɬɚɧɧɿ. ɉɚɬɪɷɛɧɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɦɿɪ, ɡɹɦɥɹ, ɯɥɟɛ, ɚ ʆɠɨ ɩɨɬɵɦ – ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ |
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ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɚ. |
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ɉɪɚɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɚɪɵɟɧɬɚɰɵɹ Ɋɚɞɵ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɣɲɥɚ ɩɚɞɬɪɵɦɤɿ ʆ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ |
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ɡɦɟɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɭ, ɿɫɬɨɬɧɚɟ “ɩɚɩɪɚɜɟɧɧɟ”, ɡɦɟɧɚ ɥɿɞɷɪɚʆ ɿ ɤɚɛɿɧɟɬɚʆ.
ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ, ɹɤɨɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɿɥɚ ɡ ɩɪɚɬɷɫɬɚɦ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɶ ɚɤɭɩɚɧɬɚʆ, ɧɟ ɫɩɵɧɹɸɱɵɫɹ ɧɚɜɚɬ ɩɟɪɚɞ ɭɡɛɪɨɟɧɚɣ ɛɚɪɚɰɶɛɨɣ. Ȭɧ ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚ ʆɡɦɚɰɧɿʆɫɹ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɚɞɩɪɚʆɤɿ Ɋɚɞɚɣ ɫɭɦɧɚɜɹɞɨɦɚɣ ɬɷɥɟɝɪɚɦɵ ȼɿɥɶɝɟɥɶɦɭ. Ⱥɤɪɚɦɹ ɬɚɝɨН, Ɋɚɞɚ ȻɇɊ, ɹɤɚɹ ɫɩɪɚɛɚɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɚɜɟɫɰɿ ɿɞɷɸ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ ʆ ɠɵɰɰɺ, ɧɟ ɡɦɚɝɥɚ ɜɵɩɪɚɰɚɜɚɰɶ ɚɞɡɿɧɚɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɷɝɿɿ ɿ ɬɚɤɬɵɤɿ ɩɚɜɨɞɡɿɧБ. əɤ ɜɵɧɿɤ – ɱɚɫɬɚɹ
Ɍɚɤɿɦ ɱɵɧɚɦ, ɡ ɩɪɵɱɵɧɵ ɧɟɫɩɪɵɹɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ȻɇɊ ɡɧɟɲɧɿɯ ɿ ʆɧɭɬɪɚɧɵɯ ɚɛɫɬɚɜɿɧ ɿɞɷɹ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɫɰɿ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɣɲɥɚ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵɿ ʆ ɮɨɪɦɟ
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ. |
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8.3. ɋɚɦɚɜɵɡɧɚɱɷɧɧɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɧɚ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɚɣйɚɫɧɨɜɟ. ɍɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɟ ɋɋɊȻ ɿ |
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ɅɿɬȻɟɥ |
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10 ɫɧɟɠɧɹ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ, ɩɚɫɥɹ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚʆɫɤɚɣ ɪɷɜɚɥɸɰɵɿ ʆ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ɿ |
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ɞɷɧɚɧɫɚɰɵɿ Ȼɪɷɫɰɤɚɝɚ ɞɚɝɚɜɨɪɚ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɿɹ ɜɨɣɫɤɿ ɩɚɤɿɧɭɥɿ Ɇɿɧɫɤ, ɹɤɿ ɛɵʆ |
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ɯɭɬɤɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɵ ɑɵɪɜɨɧɚɣ Ⱥɪɦɿɹɣ. Ⱥɥɟ ɋɚɜɟɰɤɿ ʆɪɚɞ ɧɟ ɫɩɹɲɚʆɫɹ ɚɛɜɹɫɰɿɰɶ |
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Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɭɸ ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɭ. Ⱥɞɦɨʆɧɵɹ ɚɞɧɨɫɿɧɵ ɞɚ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɫɰɿ ʆ |
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ɝɷɬɵ ɱɚɫ ɛɵɥɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɷɪɧɵɦɿ ɹɤ ɞɥɹ ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ȼɵɤɚɧɚʆɱɚɝɚ Ʉɚɦɿɬɷɬɚ |
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ɊɋɎɋɊ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɞɥɹ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɚɝɚ ɛɚɥɶɲɚɜɿɰɤɚɝɚ ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ. |
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Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɚɡɿɰɵɹ ɜɵɤɥɿɤɚɥɚ ɧɟɞɚɜɟɪ ɿ ɡɚɧɟɩɚɤɨɟɧɚɫɰɶ ɡ ɛɨɤɭ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ |
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ɫɟɤɰɵɣ ɊɄɉ(ɛ) |
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ɿ Ȼɟɥɧɚɰɤɚɦɚ |
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21 – 23 ɫɧɟɠɧɹ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ʆ Ɇɚɫɤɜɟ ɚɞɛɵɥɚɫɹ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɹ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ |
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ɫɟɤɰɵɣ ɊɄɉ(ɛ), ɹɤɚɹ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɥɚ ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɟ ɑɚɫɨɜɚɝɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɚ- |
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ɫɹɥɹɧɫɤɚɝɚ ʆɪɚɞɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɜɵɛɪɚɥɚ ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɟ ɛɸɪɨ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɫɟɤɰɵɣ |
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ɊɄɉ(ɛ) ɧɚ ɱɚɥɟ ɡ ɀɵɥɭɧɨɜɿɱɚɦ. Ʉɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɹ ɩɪɚɩɚɧɚɜɚɥɚ ɿɞɷɸ “ɫɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɹ |
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еȻɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɚɣ ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ ɹɤ ɮɚɪɩɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɿɣɫɤɚɣ ɫɚɰɵɹɥɶɧɚɣ |
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1Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɹ ɫɟɤɰɵɿ ɊɄɉ(ɛ) – ɛɚɥɶɲɚɜɿɰɤɿɹ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɿ, ɹɤɿɹ ɿɫɧɚɜɚɥɿ ʆ 1918-1919 ɝɚɞɚɯ ɭ ȼɚɪɨɧɟɠɵ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɿ, Ɇɚɫɤɜɟ, ɇɟɜɟɥɿ, ɉɟɬɪɚɝɪɚɞɡɟ ɿ ɿɧɲ. ɹɤ ɱɚɫɬɤɿ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɵɯ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɣ ɊɄɉ(ɛ). ɍ ɿɯ ɤɿɪɭɸɱɚɟ ɹɞɪɨ ʆɜɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɿ Ⱥ. ɑɚɪɜɹɤɨʆ, Ɂ. ɀɵɥɭɧɨɜɿɱ, Ⱥ. ɍɫɰɿɥɨɜɿɱ, ȱ. Ʌɚɝɭɧ ɿ ɿɧɲ.
2Ȼɟɥɧɚɰɤɚɦ – Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɤɚɦɿɫɚɪɵɹɬ, ɚɞɞɡɟɥ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɝɚ ɤɚɦɿɫɚɪɵɹɬɚ ɩɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɫɰɟɣ ɊɋɎɋɊ. ȱɫɧɚɜɚʆ ɡ ɥɸɬɚɝɚ 1918 ɞɚ ɫɚɤɚɜɿɤɚ 1919. Ɋɚɫɩɚɱɚʆ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɶ ɭ ɉɟɬɪɚɝɪɚɞɡɟ ɩɚɜɨɞɥɟ ɞɷɤɪɷɬɚ ɋɇɄ ɊɋɎɋɊ ɚɞ 31 ɫɬɭɞɡɟɧɹ 1918. Ɂ ɫɚɤɚɜɿɤɚ 1918 ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿʆɫɹ ʆ Ɇɚɫɤɜɟ. ɍɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɜɚʆ ɹɝɨ Ⱥ.Ɋ. ɑɚɪɜɹɤɨʆ. ɉɪɚɰɚɜɚʆ ɭ ɰɟɫɧɚɣ ɫɭɜɹɡɿ ɡ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɦɿ ɫɟɤɰɵɹɦɿ ɊɄɉ(ɛ).
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DZșȎȐȎ 8. ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿȊ ȁ ǽǮȅǮȀǸȁ ǻǮǷǻǼǬȆǮDZǮ ȅǮǿȁ. DzǵȍǾǴǮǬǻǮǿȄȊ ǯdzǹǮǾȁǿI Ǭ ǽǮǿǹȍǸǮǿȀǾȉȅǻIȄǸI ǽdzǾȉȍDz (1917 – 1920 ȑȑ.)
ɪɷɜɚɥɸɰɵɿ”. ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɦɭ ɛɸɪɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɚɪɭɱɚɧɚ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɱɚɧɚɣ ɧɚ ɤɚɧɟɰ |
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1918 ɝɨɞɚ VI ɉɚʆɧɨɱɧɚ-Ɂɚɯɨɞɧɹɣ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɊɄɉ(ɛ) ɫɤɥɿɤɚɰɶ |
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ɍɫɟɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿ ɡ’ɟɡɞ ɤɚɦɭɧɿɫɬɚʆ ɿ ɫɬɜɚɪɵɰɶ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɰɷɧɬɪ, ɹɤɿ ʆɡɹʆ ɛɵ |
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ɩɚɞ ɫɜɨɣ ɤɚɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɫɟɤɰɵɿ, ɚɥɟ ɿ ɦɹɫɰɨɜɵɹ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɿ, ɭ ɬɵɦ ɥɿɤɭ |
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ɬɵɹ, ɲɬɨ ɞɡɟɣɧɿɱɚɥɿ ɪɚɧɟɣ ɭ ɩɚɞɩɨɥɥɿ ɧɚ ɚɤɭɩɿɪɚɜɚɧɚɣ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ. |
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ɩɚɫɬɚɜɿɥɿ ɐɄ |
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ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚɫɰɸ ɬɷɪɦɿɧɨɜɚ ɜɵɪɚɲɵɰɶ ɩɪɚɛɥɟɦɭ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɫɰɿ, ɲɬɨ |
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ɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɉɥɟɧɭɦɟ ɐɄ. |
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25 ɫɧɟɠɧɹ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɚɞɛɵɥɨɫɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɧɚɟ ɩɚɫɹɞɠɷɧɧɟ ɱɥɟɧɚʆ ɤɚɥɟɝɿɿ |
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Ȼɟɥɧɚɰɤɚɦɚ, ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɧɿɤɨʆ ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɛɸɪɨ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɤɚɦɭɧɿɫɬɵɱɧɵɯ |
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ɫɟɤɰɵɣ ɿ |
ɤɚɦɿɬɷɬɚ |
Ɇɚɫɤɨʆɫɤɚɣ |
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ |
ɫɟɤɰɵɿ ɊɄɉ(ɛ). Ɂ. ɀɵɥɭɧɨɜɿɱ, |
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ɫɬɚɪɲɵɧɹ ɩɚɫɹɞɠɷɧɧɹ, ɩɚɜɟɞɚɦɿʆ ɩɪɵɫɭɬɧɵɦ ɚɛ ɩɟɪɚɦɨɜɚɯ ȱ. ɋɬɚɥɿɧɚ ɡ |
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ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɤɚɦɿ Ȼɟɥɧɚɰɤɚɦɚ, ɲɬɨ ɚɞɛɵɥɿɫɹ ɪɚɧɿɰɚɣ ɬɚɝɨ ɠ ɞɧɹ. ɉɚ ɫɜɟɞɱɚɧɧɸ |
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Ɂ.ɀɵɥɭɧɨɜɿɱɚ, ɭ ɜɵɧɿɤɭ ɝɷɬɵɯ ɩɟɪɚɦɨʆ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɚɧɚ, ɲɬɨ “ɡ ɧɚɝɨɞɵ |
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ɫɭɱɚɫɧɵɯ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɞɧɨɫɿɧ ɿ ʆ ɦɷɬɚɯ ɭɦɚɰɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɚɲɵɪɷɧɧɹ ɡɚɜɚɺʆ |
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и |
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ɫɚɰɵɹɥɿɫɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɪɷɜɚɥɸɰɵɿ ʆ ɫɭɫɜɟɬɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ, ɭ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɵ ɦɨɦɚɧɬ ɡɭɫɿɦ |
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ɧɚɫɩɟɥɚ |
ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚɫɰɶ ɚɛɜɹɲɱɷɧɧɹ |
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, |
ɹɤ |
ɫɚɦɚɫɬɨɣɧɚɣ ɜɚ ʆɫɿɯ |
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ɚɞɧɨɫɿɧɚɯ ɧɚɰɵɿ, ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɣ ɫɚɰɵɹɥɿɫɬɵɱɧɚɣйɋɚɜɟɰɤɚɣ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɣ”. |
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ɇɚ |
ɝɷɬɵɦ |
ɠɚ |
ɩɚɫɹɞɠɷɧɧɿ, ɡɝɨɞɧɚ ɡ |
ɞɚɪɭɱɷɧɧɟɦ |
ȱ. ɋɬɚɥɿɧɚ, ɛɵʆ |
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ɜɵɡɧɚɱɚɧɵ ɫɩɿɫ ɤɚɧɞɵɞɚɬɚʆ ɡ 15 ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞ Ɋɚɛɨɱɚ-ɋɹɥɹɧɫɤɚɝɚ ɍɪɚɞɚ |
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Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ. |
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т |
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30 ɫɧɟɠɧɹ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ʆ ɋɦɚɥɟɧɫɤɭ ɚɞɤɪɵɥɚɫɹ VI ɉɚʆɧɨɱɧɚ-Ɂɚɯɨɞɧɹɹ |
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и |
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ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɩɚɪɬɵɣɧɚɹ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɹ. Ⱦɷɥɟɝɚɬɵ ɚɞɧɚɝɚɥɨɫɧɚ ɜɵɤɚɡɚɥɿɫɹ ɡɚ |
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ɚɛɜɹɲɱɷɧɧɟ ɋɋɊȻ. Ʉɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɹ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɵɥɚ ɦɟɠɵ ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ ɿ ɩɚ ɞɚɤɥɚɞɭ |
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ɜɵɫɧɨɜɵ, ɲɬɨ |
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ɤɚɦɿɫɿɿ, ɭɬɜɨɪɚɧɚɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɜɭɱɷɧɧɹ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɹ, ɩɪɵɣɲɥɚ ɞɚ |
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о |
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ʆ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɪɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ʆɜɚɣɫɰɿ Ɇɿɧɫɤɚɹ, Ɇɚɝɿɥɺʆɫɤɚɹ, Ƚɪɨɞɡɟɧɫɤɚɹ |
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ɝɭɛɟɪɧɿ |
ɩɨʆɧɚɫɰɸ, |
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ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ |
ɝɭɛɟɪɧɹ |
ɛɟɡ |
Ⱦɡɜɿɧɫɤɚɝɚ, |
Ɋɷɠɵɰɤɚɝɚ ɿ |
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п |
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Ʌɸɰɵɧɫɤɚɝɚ ɩɚɜɟɬɚʆ, ɚ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɋɦɚɥɟɧɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɿ, |
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ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɚɣ ɩɟɪɚɜɚɠɧɚ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɚɦɿ. |
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Р |
Ʉɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɹ |
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ɚɛɜɹɫɰɿɥɚ |
ɫɹɛɟ |
ȱ |
ɡ’ɟɡɞɚɦ |
Ʉɚɦɩɚɪɬɵɿ ɛɚɥɶɲɚɜɿɤɨʆ |
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Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ. Ȼɵʆ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɧɵ ɤɿɪɭɸɱɵ ɨɪɝɚɧ Ʉɉ(ɛ)Ȼ – ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɟ ɛɸɪɨ Ʉɉ(ɛ)Ȼ |
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ɧɚ ɱɚɥɟ ɡ Ⱥ. Ɇɹɫɧɿɤɨɜɵɦ. |
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е31 ɫɧɟɠɧɹ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɐȻ Ʉɉ(ɛ)Ȼ ɚɛɦɟɪɤɚɜɚɥɚ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɟ ɚɛ ɫɤɥɚɞɡɟ |
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ɑɚɫɨɜɚɝɚ ɪɷɜɚɥɸɰɵɣɧɚɝɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɚ-ɫɹɥɹɧɫɤɚɝɚ ʆɪɚɞɚ ɋɋɊȻ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɜɵɪɚɲɚɧɚ, |
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ɲɬɨ ɜɚ ʆɪɚɞ ɭɜɨɣɞɭɰɶ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɧɿɤɿ ɚɞ Ȼɟɥɧɚɰɤɚɦɚ, ɉɚʆɧɨɱɧɚ-Ɂɚɯɨɞɧɹɝɚ |
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ɤɚɦɿɬɷɬɚ |
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ɊɄɉ(ɛ) |
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ɿ |
Ⱥɛɥɜɵɤɚɦɡɚɯɚ. |
ɋɬɚɪɲɵɧɺɣ |
ɭɪɚɞɚ |
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ɛɵʆ ɚɛɪɚɧɵ |
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Ɂ. ɀɵɥɭɧɨɜɿɱ. |
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1 ɫɬɭɞɡɟɧɹ 1919 ɝɨɞɚ ɑɚɫɨɜɵ ʆɪɚɞ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɚɛɧɚɪɨɞɚɜɚʆ Ɇɚɧɿɮɟɫɬ ɭ |
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ɫɭɜɹɡɿ ɡ ɭɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɟɦ ɋɋɊȻ. ɍɫɹ ʆɥɚɞɚ ʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ, ɚɞɡɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɹ ʆ Ɇɚɧɿɮɟɫɰɟ, |
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130