- •Making a text
- •1.1. Inclusion and exclusion
- •1.1.1.Inclusion / addition
- •Example: also
- •In addition vs. In addition to; as well vs. As well as.
- •Example: in addition to
- •1.1.2.Exclusion
- •1.1.3.Restriction
- •Exercise 19.
- •In the table below you can see an analysis of the results of a health questionnaire filled in by five business executives. Summarise the results and make a report.
- •1.1.4.Alternatives
- •Instead Example: We gave up the idea of moving into a new house and / decided to extend our existing house.
- •Example:
- •Prefer or either rather
- •Except for instead otherwise what’s more Apart from even moreover else
- •Exercise 27. Exclusion, restriction & alternatives. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1.2. Comparison and contrast
- •1.2.1.Comparison
- •Example:School nowadays do not encourage memorisation.
- •Example: He was never satisfied / he was one of the richest men in the world He was never satisfied, despite being one of the richest men in the world.
- •Example: Conversely
- •Comparison and contrast
- •Exercise 19. Translate the sentences into English using appropriate linking expressions with the meaning of comparison or contrast.
- •1.3. Time
- •1.4.Condition
- •1.5. Cause, effect
- •1.6. Purpose
- •Cause, result and purpose
- •Example:a) Dave is driving fast so that he will arrive on time.
- •1.7. Relatives
- •1.8. Discourse markers
- •Exemplification and summation
- •Clarification: namely, I.E., for example / e.G., such as, including, especially
- •Organisation and narrative markers
- •Rephrasing and correcting Exercise 13. In other words, or rather, at least.
- •“Reality” markers
- •1.9. Opinion markers
- •2. Combining messages:coherence
- •2.1. Reference
- •Exercise 5. Make one sentence, incorporating the extra information into the base sentence.
- •1.2. Compressing ideas: ellipses
- •Chapter 3 making a text
- •3.1. Compressing sentences
- •Words to use: Not only that but also that which night
- •Words to use: Apart from, such as, and, also, which
- •Words to use: One, caused, which, due
- •2. There are enormous urban problems
- •Because of including in order to and
- •3.2. Reporting what people say, think or feel
- •Indirect report structures
- •Indirect report structures with reporting verbs
- •Indirect report structures
- •Reporting a conversation
Except for instead otherwise what’s more Apart from even moreover else
The government doesn’t understand the problems of the poor and the unemployed. 1____ they don’t 2_____ care about these problems. 3 ______ one or two insignificant adjustments to the tax laws they have done nothing to improve the living conditions of the low paid workers. 4_____ they have poured public money into the pockets of the rich. 5_______ they have stood and watched as this nation’s key industries sunk into decline. What 6______ has this government got in store for us? Nobody, 7______the Prime Minister apparently, believes that these policies can lead to success. This government must resign; 8_____ the country will never recover its moral and economic position.
B: IN THE STATION
All of these people are in the waiting room of a railway station. All of them are sitting 1 ____ of the last one on the right. 2____ from one woman, they're all men. The first and the second are reading a newspaper. 4_______ one of them is wearing a hat. The 5____ have got nothing on their heads. The one in the middle is drinking 6____ a coffee or a tea he has bought from the vending machine. The woman hasn't got any luggage, not 7____ a handbag. One man is sleeping, and 8____ is the man next to him. The woman, 9____ as the man who is standing, isn't very lucky. 10___of them have just missed a train, They'll have to wait 11___ hour till the next train comes!

Exercise 27. Exclusion, restriction & alternatives. Translate the following sentences into English.
Мы хорошо провели время, только погода была холодная.
Погода была холодная, а так мы хорошо провели время.
Мы неплохо провели время, несмотря на погоду.
Мы бы неплохо провели время, если бы не погода.
Я сделаю все - только не это.
Ты ничего не делаешь - только меня критикуешь.
Если бы не твой звонок, я ничего бы и не знал.
Никто, кроме президента, не может принять такое решение.
Лишь президент может принять такое решение.
Все были за это предложение, за исключением заведующего.
Если не считать Джима, у меня не было там друзей.
Он был единственным человеком, кто выступил против.
Я только упомянул ее имя, а он уже взорвался.
Осталось всего 5 минут до конца занятия.
Он не стал поступать в университет. Вместо этого он пошел работать.
Пожалуйста, займись делом, а не то я рассержусь!
Помешивай соус, пока не загустеет, а не то в нем будут комки.
Прекрати шуметь – соседи будут жаловаться.
Вы обязаны починить телевизор. Или верните мне деньги.
Можно встретиться у меня дома. Если нет, давайте поговорим здесь.
Можно пойти на футбол вместо лекции.
До финального свистка осталось всего 5 минут.
Только Рузвельт был президентом 4 срока.
Количество присутствующих на церемонии открытия ограничено.
Пятеро служащих были уволены, а еще пятеро – арестованы.
Ваш банк обязан вернуть мне деньги. В противном случае я буду вынужден обратиться в суд.
