Clarification: namely, I.E., for example / e.G., such as, including, especially

Exercise 8. Insert NAMELY vs. I. E. in the sentences below. Translate into Russian.

1. The Prime Minister was educated at one of the most famous public schools in England, Eton.

2. She dedicated her last book to ‘Dear Bill, who made it all possible’, the cousin who had helped her when she was a young writer.

3. The competition to stage the Olympics was closely fought between two great Latin American cities, Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro.

4. There was one make of computer, which seemed to offer particularly good value for money on the basis of our tests, the Tranox 486.

5. For his birthday Tom received a pair of blue and white woollen socks knitted by his aunt, a present he had no use for whatsoever.

6. There was only one person who was against the idea, myself.

3. There may be other planets in the universe like Earth, planets with oxygen and water.

4. Surely I already know what the contents of our contract are: that I am to work for you for a period of 18 months, after which time you will release me with my debt to you cancelled.

5. Shareholders drew their own conclusions: that it was time to sell out.

6. It would be helpful to consider what Dr. Slabbert said at the conference in Johannesburg on August 2, 1991, that the Department of National Health has the capacity to deal with major health problems.

7. This shows how little they were aware of the challenge facing them – to re-establish prosperity and the rule of law.

Exercise 9. Choose suitable forms to complete the passage below. Note that punctuation is sometimes important in choosing an answer.

In the twenty-first century, we shall see a great increase in the use of alternative energy sources, ¹especially / such as wind and water power. Several states in the USA already use wind power, ²for example/namely California, where huge “wind farms’ have been constructed ³i.e. / e.g. power stations consisting of many windmills linked together in series). Water power, too, is already an important source of electricity in countries with plentiful rivers and lakes ⁴such as/for example Norway.

Solar energy is another energy source which will be widely used in areas with plenty of sunshine ⁵such as/i.e. Egypt and the countries of North Africa. Solar energy may even make a contribution in regions with cool climates, ⁶namely/including the countries of northern Europe. France has one particularly important solar energy research facility, ⁷especially/namely the solar generator at Font Romeu, in the Pyrenees.

By contrast, the use of nuclear power may diminish. Problems with nuclear safety, ⁸ especially/such as the accident at Chernobyl, have made governments less willing to invest in nuclear power stations. However, scientists are working to produce energy safely from nuclear ‘fusion’, ⁹i.e./including a technique in which atoms are joined together. This could replace the present basis of nuclear power, ¹⁰namely/especially nuclear ‘fission’, in which atoms are split apart.