Упражнения

1. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. How much time do you spend on your work about the house?

2. Do you like to do everyday shopping?

3. Is it difficult to keep your flat tidy?

4. How often do you clean your flat?

5. Do you sometimes have to cook meals for the family?

6. Where do you usually have your shoes repaired?

7. Do you press your own clothes or do you have them pressed for you?

2. Спросите своего друга (подругу).

• how long it takes him (her) to make his (her) bed;

• if he (she) has flowers in his (her) room and if he (she) waters them every day;

• if he (she) cooks a substantial breakfast;

• if he (she) sets the table for meals;

• who does the cooking in his (her) family;

• when he (she) makes his (her) dinner himself (herself);

• how often he (she) cleans the flat;

• if he (she) looks after his (her) younger sister (brother);

• what his (her) brother's (sister's) duties are.

3. Составьте диалоги, аналогичные заданному. Измените вид деятельности.

Ann: What are your plans for tomorrow, Lora?

Lora: Well, first I'm going to do the washing up.

Ann: Poor you. While you're doing the washing up, I'll be having breakfast in bed. Lora: It's all right for some people.

Деятельность:

wash up

clean a living room change the clothes prepare dinner look after a baby do one's homework go to bed

have breakfast in bed

walk in the country

drink in a pub

talk to friends

visit a night-club

dance

see sunrise

4. Соотнесите слова в первой и второй колонках.

wash	the house
comb	my face
clean	my teeth
water	the plants
brush	the table
set	my hair
sweep	the floor

5. Спросите своего партнера:

Do you have to…?

Do you need to…?

Возможные ответы:

Yes, I have to.

Yes, I need to.

No, I don’t have to.

No, I don’t need to.

1. wash dishes

2. cook the meal

3. clean the house

4. iron clothes

5. sweep the floor

6. pack bags

7. do homework

6. Вставьте глаголы по смыслу.

Home chores

1. Every morning I ____ the plants.

2. My father usually ____ the dishes.

3. My mother usually _____ the meal.

4. Jack is a lazy boy. He never _____ at home.

5. I always ___ the floor with a mop.

6. I usually _____ the table before meals.

7. My brother sometimes _____ the window.

8. Tom always helps at home. He usually ______ his bed in the morning.

9. I usually sweep the floor with a ______.

10. My sister ______ the clothes.

11. I always _____ the floor at home.

1.3. Holiday and family traditions

Основные тексты для чтения и понимания

Текст 1

Family Rituals

Many American families can boast of certain rituals crystallized around traditional occasions, usually holidays. Such repeated ceremonies play an important role in creating our sense of emotional security.

Families with the strongest ties have the most rituals. The ritual is a symbol of how family members feel about one another.

There are numerous manifestations of this custom. At Christmas, for example, many families have special ways of exchanging gifts: "We sit in a circle and take turns opening one present at a time..." Thanksgiving and birthday rituals usually center around food: "It wouldn't be Thanks-giving if Aunt Grace didn't bring her blueberry pie." Or, "Whoever's birthday it is has the privilege of choosing the menu for the entire dinner." Other ritualized occasions include family reunions, Sunday prayers, and July Fourth picnics.

Family rituals serve several basic purposes:

1. They reinforce family closeness. A friend of mine prizes the memory of a childhood event that took place each year on the first warm April Sunday: "My dad would go out in the yard, breathe in deeply, and say, ' It looks like spring is here at last. Then I knew that it was the day for our spring hike. We'd pack a lunch and head out into the countryside. We didn't do anything different on that hike than on others we took during the year, but it was the idea —the first hike of the season, just Dad and me —that made it special."

Rituals also help newcomers feel part of the family group. There was a couple who began the custom of reading "The Night Before Christmas Eve" by Gogol when their first child was three years old. The custom continued with a second daughter and became an integral part of the holiday. Later, the girls' fiancés and husbands were included in the ceremony. Eventually, the couple's close friends and three grandchildren also gathered each year for the reading.

For young children, bedtime rituals are a source of comfort and reassurance. The stuffed animal nearby, the bedtime story, the last drink of water are all part of this.

2. Rituals forge a link between generations.

3. Rituals are a way of maintaining family values.

4. Rituals set forth appropriate behavior for special occasions. They can be as simple as eating certain dishes on certain day —"It wouldn't be Sunday supper if we didn't have Dad's chili," one may say — or as formalized as one family's custom of beginning a Thanksgiving dinner with three kernels of corn on an empty plate to symbolize three things for which they are thankful.

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What family rituals do you personally have?

2. What basic purposes do family rituals serve?