Текст 4 higher education in the usa

In their last year of high school, students often apply to more than one college or university. Each college or university in the USA has its own re­quirements for admission.' Most colleges and universities require applicants take a standard entrance exam: the American Collegic Test (ACT) or the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). SAT must be taken in your senior year in high school. It is given on a certain day in December or January at a local college. The test takes a whole day. There are three parts: Math, English and Logic. Every student gets a book with questions. The book is divided into sections, with about 70 questions each. Each of the three subjects has a max­imum of 800 points. The lowest score for getting into university is 550. The University Admission Office takes into consideration:

1. The applicants' high school grades (transcripts),

2. Recommendations from high school teachers,

1. Applicants' scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and ACT,

3. The impression they make during interviews at the university.

The system of higher education in the USA consists of four categories of institutions: universities, four-year colleges, technical training institutions and two-year community colleges.

Depending on the source of financing higher education institutions may be either public (state-supported) or private. The amount of money you have to pay depends on whether you go to a private college or a state university. At a private college the tuition is higher. Overall they are much the same as state universities. The subjects are divided into compulsory and optional. The subject the student specializes in is called a "major". Optional subjects are called "electives". Every student is assigned an "academic adviser" or a "faculty adviser" who will help the student decide on a plan of study based on his/her goals and the requirements for a degree.

Four years of undergraduate study at a university's "undergraduate schools" or colleges lead to a Bachelor of Arts (B. A) or Bachelor of Science (B. S.) degree. "Graduate schools", which are part of a university or are separate in­stitutions, offer advanced programs which lead to a master's (M. A. or M. S.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.) or Doctor of Education (Ed. D.) degree.

Junior colleges, technical colleges, and community colleges are two-year institutions, usually public, offering technical training and a basic academic program.

Some junior and community colleges award only an Associate of Arts (A. A.) degree without specifying a major. Other junior, technical and community colleges award A. A. degrees to liberal arts students and A. S. (Associate in Science) or A. A. S. (Associate in Applied Science) degrees to students who major in science or practical technology. After receiving an A. A., A. S. or A. A. S. degree, many students transfer to four-year colleges or universities to complete the requirements for a bachelor's degree.

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Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What are general requirements for admission to US colleges and universities?

2. What types of higher education institutions are there in the USA?

3. What degrees do American colleges and universities award after four years of study?

4. What degrees do graduate schools award?

5. What degrees do junior colleges and community colleges award?