Unit 11 How Newspapers Are Produced (Part 2)

A. The word “advertising” is well known all over the world. What images do you associate with it? Can you explain your associations?

B. Discussion. Think of the possible solutions for these situations. Share your opinion with the group.

1. As a reporter, you regularly cover an environmentalist group in your city. The environmentalists are disappointed with their past failures. They are becoming more aggressive. You discover that they plan to kidnap a 7-year-old girl, the daughter of a local developer. They want her father to stop polluting a river. The environmentalists trust you because you never betrayed them. What would you do?

2. Normally, your newspaper does not like to discuss a public official’s personal life and family problems. But last night, the police were called to the home of a local high-school principal to break up a family fight. Would you report the story?

C. Topic Vocabulary. Learn the words and phrases below.

1. lead – краткое введение к газетной статье; наиболее важное сообщение в сводке

2. city editor – редактор отдела местных новостей (данного города)

3. news editor – редактор новостей

4. copy editor – редактор; литературный сотрудник (в редакции)

5. copyreader – помощник редактора

6. headline – заголовок

7. to cut material – сокращать материал

8. proofreader – корректор

9. editorial – редакционная статья

10. viewpoint – точка зрения, позиция

11. news story – газетное сообщение (без комментариев)

12. feature writer – автор тематических статей

13. advertising – размещение, публикация рекламы (в СМИ)

14. display ad – иллюстративно-изобразительная реклама (сочетающая текст и иллюстрации)

15. classified ad – тематическое объявление

16. insert – вкладыш, вкладка (особенно в газете, журнале)

17. to create layout – создавать макет (полосы газеты)

18. readable – удобочитаемый

19. political cartoon – политическая карикатура

20. want ad – частное объявление в газете

21. section – раздел газеты

22. sketch – эскиз (при макетировании)

23. rotary press – ротационная печатная машина

24. printing plate – печатная форма

25. blanket cylinder – офсетный цилиндр

D. Read the text.

Text 11

In writing a news story, reporters begin by giving the important facts in the first paragraph, which is called the lead. They then present details in the rest of the space given to the story by the city editor or news editor. The completed story goes to a copy editor, or copyreader, who checks it for accuracy and writes a headline for it. The copy editor may change the wording to make the story more readable. The copy editor must also cut material if the story is too long. A proofreader can then check the story for spelling and punctuation errors.

A newspaper's editorial writers hold meetings to select topics for editorials. They also decide what viewpoint to take in the editorials. Unlike a news story, an editorial expresses an opinion and tries to sway readers to that way of thinking.

Feature writers prepare stories on subjects they think would interest the newspaper's readers. Common types of feature articles include interviews with famous entertainers, stories on unusual organizations and descriptions of places to visit. Newspapers also get feature material from feature syndicates, which resemble new syndicates. Feature syndicates provide such items as political cartoons, comic strips, crossword puzzles, and columns on chess, gardening and financial matters.

Newspapers carry two forms of advertising-display ads and classified ads. Most display ads include illustrations and may be as large as two pages. Some metropolitan newspapers add booklets of display ads, called inserts, to the newspaper.

Classified ads, also called want ads, usually appear in a separate section of the newspaper. Most consist of a few lines of print and advertise such things as used cars or apartments for rent.

Artists prepare a layout, or sketch, of each newspaper page. A layout shows where the stories, pictures, and advertisements should appear on the page. Newspapers today use computers to create layouts. Computer layouts enable artists to make precise measurements and to rearrange page contents quickly.

Most newspapers use a printing method called offset lithography. Offset is done on rotary presses, which have cylinders that hold curved printing plates. The plate does not come into contact with the paper. Instead, the printed images are transferred-that is, offset-to a rubber «blanket» cylinder that then prints them on the paper.

(from “Newspaper in the classroom”)