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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5463_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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- •About the Editor
- •Contents
- •Contributors
- •1.1.4 Components of niosome
- •1.1.5 Factors affecting niosomes
- •Preface
- •Abstract
- •1.1 Introduction
- •1.1.1 Why niosome?
- •1.1.2 Advantages of niosome
- •1.1.3 Structure of niosome
- •1.2 Applications of niosome
- •1.2.2 Niosomes for the delivery of therapeutics
- •1.2.3 Niosomes in biomedical applications
- •1.3 Conclusions and future prospects
- •Keywords
- •References
- •Abstract
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 Conclusions
- •Acknowledgments
- •Keywords
- •References
- •Abstract
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2.1 Parameters involved in electrospinning process
- •3.2.2 Biomaterials for electrospinning
- •3.3 Electrospun nanofibers as drug delivery systems
- •3.3.1 Blending electrospinning
- •3.3.2 Emulsion electrospinning
- •3.3.3 Coaxial electrospinning
- •3.3.4 Surface modifications
- •3.4 Electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering
- •3.4.1 Electrospun nanofibers for hard tissue engineering
- •3.5 Cancer diagnosis and therapy
- •3.6 Concluding remarks and future perspectives
- •Keywords
- •References
- •4. Natural Biocarriers for Brain Targeting
- •Abstract
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.1.1 Central nervous system
- •4.2 Biocarriers
- •4.2.1 Carbohydrates carriers
- •4.2.2 Protein carriers
- •4.2.3 Exosomes
- •4.3 Conclusions and perspectives
- •Keywords
- •References
- •Abstract
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Synthesis of graphene family nanomaterials
- •5.2.1 Graphene synthesis
- •5.2.2 GO and rGO Syntheses
- •5.2.3 GQd synthesis
- •5.4 Drug delivery and biomedical applications
- •5.4.1 Drug delivery
- •5.4.2 Gene delivery
- •5.4.3 Bioimaging
- •5.4.4 Photothermal therapy
- •5.4.5 Tissue engineering
- •5.5 Summary and future prospect
- •Keywords
- •References
- •6. Nanotechnology in Gene Delivery
- •Abstract
- •6.1 Introduction
- •6.2 Gene delivery
- •6.3 Nanotechnology in gene delivery
- •Keywords
- •References
- •Abstract
- •7.1 Introduction
- •7.2 Additive manufacturing in pharmacology
- •7.2.1 Extrusion-based 3D printing techniques
- •7.2.2 Stereolithography
- •7.2.3 Selective laser sintering
- •7.2.4 Binder jet printing
- •7.3 Most common polymers
- •7.3.1 Natural polymers
- •7.3.2 Synthetic polymers
- •7.3.2.5 Polyvinylpyrrolidone
- •7.4 Common 3D-printed dosage forms
- •7.4.1 Scaffolds
- •7.4.2 Tablets
- •Keywords
- •References
- •7.4.3 Microneedles
- •7.4.4 Capsule
- •7.4.5 Films
- •7.5 Main factors in drug delivery
- •7.5.1 Nature of polymers
- •7.5.2 Matrix permeability
- •7.5.3 Polymer blends
- •7.5.4 Specific surface area
- •7.5.5 Infill density and patterns
- •7.5.6 Pores
- •7.5.7 Cross-linking
- •7.5.8 Coating
- •7.5.9 Core/shell and multicompartment
- •7.6 Final considerations and future perspectives
- •Abstract
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.2.1 Polymer solution concentration and viscosity
- •8.2.2 Molecular weight of polymer
- •8.2.3 Surface tension
- •8.2.4 Electrical conductivity
- •8.2.5 Applied voltage
- •8.2.6 Feed rate/flow rate
- •8.2.7 Temperature and humidity
- •8.3 Method of preparation for nanofibers
- •8.3.1 Electrospinning
- •8.3.2 Self-assembly
- •8.3.3 Phase separation
- •8.3.4 Drawing of nanofibers
- •8.3.5 Template synthesis
- •8.4 Biomedical applications of nanofibers
- •8.4.1 Wound dressing
- •8.4.2 Tissue engineering
- •8.4.3 In cancer therapy
- •8.4.4 Miscellaneous
- •8.5 Drug delivery application
- •8.5.1 Antihypertensive drug
- •8.5.2 Antimicrobial drug
- •8.5.3 Growth hormone
- •8.5.4 Miscellaneous
- •8.6 Conclusion
- •Keywords
- •References
- •Abstract
- •9.1 Introduction
- •9.2 Tissue engineering
- •9.3 Nanotechnology
- •9.4 Polymeric scaffolds in tissue engineering
- •9.5 Challenges
- •Keywords
- •References
- •Abstract
- •10.1 Introduction
- •10.2 Ideal properties of bioceramics
- •10.2.1 Mechanical property
- •10.2.2 Porosity, pore size, and shape
- •10.2.3 Biocompatibility and biodegradability
- •10.2.4 Osteoconductivity and osseointegrity
- •10.3 Bioceramics in orthopedic applications
- •10.4 Bioceramics in maxillofacial surgery
- •10.5 Bioceramic in drug delivery applications
- •10.6 Doped bioceramic in biomedical application
- •10.7 Conclusions
- •10.8 Future direction
- •Acknowledgments
- •Keywords
- •References
- •Index

208
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been demonstrated to increase cell adhesion
to polymers in various applications (Samir et al., 2022).
Polylactic acid (PLA) is an aliphatic linear thermoplastic polyester composed
-
temperature (T
c
T
m
to 162°C (
applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Its hydropho-
distribution, and morphological properties. In vivo, it has a prolonged degra-
biomedical technology (Shi et al., 2022). PEG is a hydrophilic polyether
-
mately 25°
; and hard
°C, respectively,

3D Printed Devices as Drug Delivery Systems
209
-
PVA is a hydrophilic, biodegradable, and nontoxic synthetic thermoplastic
-
as adhesives, in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and in the resin
industry (Jain et al., 2017), morphologically presenting themselves in the
7.3.2.5 POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a nontoxic, nonionic, inert, temperature-re-
sistant, pH-stable, biocompatible semisynthetic polymer (Franco and De
-

210
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
acids, and amines, and insoluble in ethers, hydrocarbons, esters, ketones,
external agents (temperature and pH) (Franco and De Marco, 2020).
-
-
processing (DLP) bioprinting processes.
®
-
32 k to 280 k g mol
–1
the same main chemical structure, varying only in their substituents (
chemical properties. Eudragit polymers are mostly cationic, anionic, or
neutral. Eudragit E (EE) is a cationic copolymer that is soluble at a pH above

3D Printed Devices as Drug Delivery Systems
211
5. Eudragit RL (ERL) is a permeable, cationic polymer that is chemically
7.0, 6.0, and 5.5, respectively. Eudragit FS 30 D (EFS30D) is an anionic
HME and FDM 3D processes to develop pharmaceutical products to obtain
sustained release systems.
7.4 COMMON 3D-PRINTED DOSAGE FORMS
complicated, and time-consuming. 3D printing technologies have emerged
®
to complex geometric devices. Figure 7.2 illustrates the most common 3D
7.4.1 SCAFFOLDS

212
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
FIGURE 7.2
applications.
neighboring tissue biochemically (Shao et al., 2018).
-
Niclot et al., 2022), endothelial cell repair (Wu et al., 2019), cartilage
(Wen et al., 2019), and tissue engineering (Jain et al., 2018), but also to

3D Printed Devices as Drug Delivery Systems
213
TABLE 7.1
3D printing Forms Polymers Drugs
FDM Film PVA-based
PEO N80 (Polyox-N80) Adipic acid (Elkanayati et al., 2022)
Capsule PVA-based Amoxicillin (Charoenying et al., 2020)
Eudragit (EPO and
ERL)
PLA-based
HPMC-based
HPC-based
PEG-based
PVA
(Obeid et al., 2021)
PEO
PLA-based

214
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
3D printing Forms Polymers Drugs
PCL
Indomethacin (Viidik et al., 2021)
Eudragit-based
EVA
PVP
Kollidon-based
Hypromellose acetate
succinate
PEG-based
HPC Paracetamol (Fina et al., 2020)
PLA Methotrexate (Schmid et al., 2021)
PCL-based
Micro-
needles
PLA
PEG-based
T. indica and V. agnus-castus extracts (Amer et al., 2020)
Resin Vero Clear VEGF (Barnum et al., 2021)
SSE Film Carboxymethyl
cellulose (CMC)
Gelatin-based
HPMC-based
Kolliphor EL
TABLE 7.1 (Continued)

3D Printed Devices as Drug Delivery Systems
215
3D printing Forms Polymers Drugs
HPMC
Hydroxyethylcellulose
PCL
PVA-based
PVP
Cellulose ethers
HPC Levetiracetam (Cui et al., 2020)
Hypromellose
PLA and HA Amikacin (Cui et al., 2022)
SLA Capsule PEG-based
PEG-based Paracetamol (Healy et al., 2019), Aspirin (Healy et al., 2019)
Micro-
needles
Resin dental SG
Methacrylic
oligomer-based
Any cubic-colored resin
BJP – Levetiracetam (Li et al., 2021)
SLS Kollidon VA64
HPMC
Eudragit (L100–55 and
RL)
TABLE 7.1 (Continued)

216
Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
N-(pyridin-4-yl), minocycline (Martin et al., 2019), methotrexate (Mei et
al., 2021), cyclohexanecarboxamide, Erythropoietin (Wu et al., 2019), and
(Chen et al., 2020), human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) (Ji et
et al., 2019). In addition to several biopolymers and compounds currently
al., 2022) alginate (Akkineni et al., 2021), PLA (Schmid et al., 2021), PLGA
F127 (Lee et al., 2022), gelatin (
-
needed to reduce polymer hydrophobicity , control drug release, and enhance
Bose et al., 2022).
Recently, Sun et al. (2022) designed a 3D-printed calcium phosphate

3D Printed Devices as Drug Delivery Systems
217
2017). HA 3D-printed ceramics are biocompatible, bioactive, and osteocon-
control-release system (CMR) to HA remains a key challenge. Chen et al.
-
2
groups by incubating
their structure (Chen et al., 2019a)
7.4.2 TABLETS
on a genetic, biomarker, phenotypic or psychosocial characteristics
-
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