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Advances in Pharmaceutical T echnology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2: Recent Progress
in Biomedical Applications. Sougata Jana (Ed.)
© 2025 Apple Academic Press, Inc. Co-published with CRC Press (Taylor & Francis)
Natural Biocarriers for Brain Targeting
RAWIDH ALSAIDALANI
1
and HEBA A. GAD
1,2
1
2
CHAPTER 4
ABSTRACT
issue that requires a tailored delivery system. Nanotechnology represents a
protein-based carriers. Finally, special attention is given to exosomes as
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.1.1 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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includes brain tumors, stroke, and trauma. Figure 4.1 reveals the various
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FIGURE 4.1
Natural Biocarriers for Brain Targeting
103
involved in this process is the blood barriers, including the blood–brain
nervous system, either using an invasive route or a noninvasive technique.
target site, such as into the cerebrum, ventricles, and spinal cord. Nonin-
transporters, (3) blood–brain barrier disruption using chemical, physical, or
et al., 2015).
4.1.2 NANOTECHNOLOGY TO OVERCOME THE BLOOD–BRAIN
BARRIER
ability to attach a targeting legend, biocompatibility, and biodegradability
polymers (natural or synthetic), lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, metals, and
inorganic compounds (Barbu et al., 2009).
4.2 BIOCARRIERS
such as cell structure, cell division, communications, substance transport,
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Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
outstanding advantages that permit their use, such as being biocompatible,
FIGURE 4.2
4.2.1 CARBOHYDRATES CARRIERS
are condensed together by glycosidic linkages to produce polysaccharides.
-
epithelium and mucous membranes because they contain hydrophilic groups
such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups (Peptu et al., 2014).
Natural Biocarriers for Brain Targeting
105
Using carbohydrate polymers, it is possible to improve the pharmacoki-
brain (Ansari et al., 2020).
Chitosan is considered the second most prevalent naturally derived poly-
absorption and enhancing bioavailability (Sinha et al., 2004, Rehman et al.,
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minergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by
-
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al., 2020). A second strategy involves using chitosan nanocarriers to deliver
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Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology for Drug Delivery Systems (PTDDS), Volume 2
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ability. On the contrary, the developed rotigotine-loaded chitosan nanopar-
neurons through an endocytic mechanism (Bhattamisra et al., 2020). Another
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dramatically increase bioavailability in the brain (Mittal et al., 2016). In
addition, chitosan-coated-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-nanoparticles can
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(Ahmad, 2017).
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loaded in chitosan nanoparticles and evaluated in an aluminum chloride-
transporting the cargo to the brain, as demonstrated by improved behavior
-
designed chitosan nanovehicles that serve as early therapeutic and diagnostic
Natural Biocarriers for Brain Targeting
107
agents. Magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents or single photon emis-
Furthermore, the nanovehicles contained either immunosuppressants (e.g.,
2014).
demonstrating that a mucoadhesive microemulsion containing chitosan
et al., 2018).
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tions (Liu et al., 2018).
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