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Файл:Перевод медицинского текста. Учебное пособие для подготовки к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Иностранный язык». 31.05.03 Стоматология
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ЧАСТНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ «РЕАВИЗ»
КАФЕДРА ГУМАНИТАРНЫХ ДИСЦИПЛИН
С.В. Ромашкина
ПЕРЕВОД МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ТЕКСТА
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
ДЛЯ ПОДГОТОВКИ К ПРАКТИЧЕСКИМ ЗАНЯТИЯМ
ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК»
Специальность 31.05.03 Стоматология
Самара
2024
1
УДК 81(61)
ББК 52.5
Р 69
Рецензенты:
кандидат юридических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой
гуманитарных дисциплин Медицинского университета «Реавиз»
Н.К. Елина;
кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры германских языков
АНО ВО университета «МИР»
О.Ю. Коломийцева;
кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры гуманитарных дисциплин
Медицинского университета «Реавиз»
Н.Ю. Гончарова
Ромашкина, Светлана Викторовна.
Р 69 Перевод медицинского текста : учебное пособие для
подготовки к практическим занятиям по дисциплине
«Иностранный язык». 31.05.03 Стоматология / С.В. Ромашкина. –
Самара : Медицинский университет «Реавиз», 2024. – 160 с.
Учебное пособие по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»
предназначено для организации самостоятельной работы
студентов и подготовки к аудиторным занятиям. Пособие
составлено с учетом требований Федерального
государственного образовательного стандарта высшего
образования РФ. Пособие включает рекомендации по
самостоятельной работе, список использованных источников.
Пособие предназначено для студентов 1-го курса,
обучающихся по специальности «Стоматология».
Учебное пособие рассмотрено и утверждено на заседании кафедры
гуманитарных дисциплин (протокол № 1 от 29.08.2023 г.).
© Медицинский университет «Реавиз», 2024
© Ромашкина С.В., 2024
2
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЗАПИСКА ........................................................................... 5
Text 1. Tooth decay .............................................................................................. 6
Text 2. Root canal treatment ............................................................................... 9
Text 3. Toothache ............................................................................................... 13
Text 4. How to keep your teeth clean .............................................................. 17
Text 5. Gum disease ........................................................................................... 21
Text 6. Braces and orthodontics ....................................................................... 25
Text 7. Оrthodontic treatment .......................................................................... 29
Text 8. Cleft lip and palate ................................................................................ 34
Text 9. Dental abscess ....................................................................................... 40
Text 10. Dentures (false teeth) .......................................................................... 46
Text 11. Dysphagia (swallowing problems) .................................................... 52
Text 12. Epiglottitis ............................................................................................. 56
Text 13. Food allergy ......................................................................................... 61
Text 14. Blue skin or lips (cyanosis). Blushing ................................................. 67
Text 15. Food intolerance ................................................................................. 72
Text 16. HIV and AIDS ........................................................................................ 78
Text 17. Insomnia ............................................................................................... 83
Text 18. Teeth grinding (bruxism) .................................................................... 88
Text 19. Mouth cancer ....................................................................................... 92
3
Text 20. Mouth ulcers ......................................................................................... 98
Text 21. CT scan ............................................................................................... 102
Text 22. Cytoscopy ........................................................................................... 107
Text 23. Sore or dry lips and mouth ............................................................... 111
Text 24. Eating disorders ................................................................................. 116
Text 25. Echocardiogram ................................................................................ 121
Text 26. Endoscopy .......................................................................................... 126
Text 27. Hysteroscopy ...................................................................................... 129
Text 28. Chemotherapy ................................................................................... 133
Text 29. Blood tests .......................................................................................... 138
Text 30. First aid ............................................................................................... 141
CONVERSATIONAL MEDICAL ENGLISH/
РАЗГОВОРНЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ......................... 146
REFERENCES/ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ .................................... 158
4
Пояснительная записка
Сегодня утвердилась модель образования, согласно которой
высшая школа должна готовить высококвалифицированных
специалистов, которые будут решать профессиональные задачи на
уровне последних достижений мировой науки и техники.
Настоящее пособие предназначено для изучения дисциплины
«Иностранный язык», обучающихся по специальности «Стоматология».
Предмет дисциплины – английский язык и формирование
лексических и грамматических навыков речи, а также
переводоведческим навыкам. Курс иностранного языка включает в себя
работу со специализированными медицинскими текстами и заданиями
на понимание и усвоение англоязычного медицинского текста, а также
английский медицинский разговорник.
В основу пособия положен Федеральный государственный
образовательный стандарт высшего образования по направлению
подготовки 31.05.03 Стоматология согласно которому цель и задачи
учебной дисциплины «Иностранный язык
систему компетенций для усвоения теоретических основ иностранного
языка, закрепления программы средней школы, изучения нового лексикограмматического материала, необходимого для чтения и перевода
оригинальной иноязычной литературы по специальности.
Пособие предназначено для совершенствования навыков
медицинского перевода и анализа текстов на материале англоязычной
медицинской литературы из NHS (National Health Service, England) –
» следующие: сформировать
обучение
Национальной Службы Здравоохранения в
медицинских статей и книг, словарей, учебных пособий.
Материал распределен по основным тематикам стоматологии
(терапевтической, эстетической, хирургической, ортопедической
стоматологии, ортодонтии), отдельным методам исследований и
диагностики и общему уходу за больными.
В качестве образцов используются тексты о разных патологических
состояниях организма – отклонениях, заболеваниях. После текстов
даются задания на понимание основного
вопросы по тексту и определить истинность или ложность утверждения.
В конце пособия даются фразы-клише по разговорному медицинскому
английскому языку для тренировки диалогической речи на уровне «врачпациент».
содержания текста: ответить на
Англии, английских
5
Text 1. Tooth decay
Read and translate. Прочитайте и переведите текст
Picture 1. A hole forming in the tooth (dental cavity)
Tooth decay is often caused by having too much sugary food and
drink and not cleaning your teeth and gums. See a dentist as soon as
possible if you think you or your child has tooth decay. Early treatment can
help stop it getting worse.
Check if you have tooth decay
Tooth decay may not cause any symptoms at first.
But if it gets worse it can lead to problems, such as a hole forming in
the tooth (dental cavity).
If you have a hole in your tooth you may have:
• toothache (toothpain);
• sharp pain in your tooth when eating or drinking hot, cold or
sweet things (sensitive teeth) ;
• white, brown or black spots on your tooth;
Sometimes the tooth or gum can become infected, leading to a
painful build-up of pus (dental abscess).
See a dentist if:
• you have problems with your teeth like toothache or a sharp pain
in your tooth when eating or drinking;
6
• your gums are painful, swollen, or bleed when you brush your
teeth.
You should have regular dental check-ups even if you do not have any
problems. See a dentist if you have not had a check-up for 2 years (or 1
year if you're under 18).
Treatments for tooth decay
Treatment for tooth decay depends on how severe it is.
A dentist can prescribe fluoride treatments like mouthwash or varnish
to reverse early tooth decay.
You'll probably need a filling if you have a hole (cavity) in your tooth.
If tooth decay has reached the soft tissue (pulp) in the middle of your
tooth, you may need root canal treatment. Sometimes the affected tooth
may need to be removed (extraction).
Preventing tooth decay
Tooth decay happens when bacteria create a sticky layer called
plaque over your teeth. This damages the surface of your teeth over time.
Tooth decay is common in children, so it's important to make sure
they're looking after their teeth and gums from an early age.
There are some simple things you can do to keep your and your
children's teeth and gums healthy and help prevent tooth decay.
Do:
• brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste – spit
after brushing, do not rinse;
• clean in between your teeth every day using floss or interdental
brushes;
• use sugar-free medicines;
• have regular dental check-ups (your dentist will be able to advise
you about how often you need to go) .
Don’t:
• do not have too much sugary food or drink;
• do not smoke.
7
Task 1. Answer the following questions
1) What is tooth decay often caused by?
2) Why do you need dentist’s consultation as soon as possible when
you have tooth decay?
3) What is «dental cavity»?
4) When does a person have abscess?
5) How can a person prevent tooth decay?
Task 2. Read and translate the following statement and say if it is
true or false
1) Sensitive tooth is one of the symptoms of tooth decay: one can
have sharp pain when eating or drinking hot, cold or sweets.
2) If the tooth or gum becomes infected, leading to a painful build-up
of pus we call it pulpitis.
3) When bacteria create a sticky layer called plaque over your teeth
which damages the surface of the teeth it means that you have tooth decay.
4) You should brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride
toothpaste and rinse your mouth cavity in order to prevent tooth decay.
5) Smoking doesn’t do any harm to your teeth including tooth decay.
Task 3. Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences (figures
and letters)
1. Tooth decay is often caused by
2. Treatment for tooth decay depends
on
3. If you have a hole in your tooth you
may have
4. Tooth decay is common in children,
so it's important to
a. Make sure they're looking after their teeth
and gums from an early age
b. If you have a hole (cavity) in your tooth
c. White, brown or black spots on your tooth
d. Having too much sugary food and drink
and not cleaning your teeth and gums
5. You'll probably need a filling e. How severe it is
8
Text 2. Root canal treatment
Read and translate. Прочитайте и переведите текст
Picture 2. Root canal treatment procedure
Root canal treatment (also called endodontics) tackles infection at the
centre of a tooth (the root canal system). When the blood or nerve supply
of the tooth has become infected, the infection will spread and the tooth
may need to be taken out if root canal treatment isn't carried out. During
treatment, all the infection is removed from inside the root canal system.
The root canal is filled and the tooth is sealed with a filling or crown to stop
it becoming infected again. Root canal treatment usually requires 2 or 3
visits to your dentist.
Root canal treatment (endodontics) is a dental procedure used to
treat infection at the centre of a tooth.
Root canal treatment is not painful and can save a tooth that might
otherwise have to be removed completely. During treatment, all the infection
is removed from inside the root canal system. The root canal is filled and the
tooth is sealed with a filling or crown to stop it becoming infected again. Root
canal treatment usually requires 2 or 3 visits to your dentist.
Why it's needed
The infection at the centre of a tooth (the root canal) is caused by
bacteria that live in the mouth and invade the tooth.
This can happen after:
• tooth decay;
9
• leaky fillings;
• damage to teeth as a result of trauma, such as a fall.
Tooth structure
A tooth is made up of 2 parts. The crown is the top part of the tooth
that's visible in the mouth.
The root extends into the bone of the jaw, anchoring the tooth in position.
Teeth also consist of:
• enamel – the hard outer coating;
• dentine – a softer material that supports the enamel and forms
most of the tooth;
• cementum – a hard material that coats the root's surface;
• dental pulp – the soft tissue at the centre of the tooth.
The root canal system contains the dental pulp and extends from the
crown of the tooth to the end of the root.
A single tooth can have more than 1 root canal.
When root canal treatment is needed
Root canal treatment is needed when dental X-rays show that the
pulp has been damaged by a bacterial infection.
The pulp may become inflamed if it's infected by bacteria, allowing
the bacteria to multiply and spread.
The symptoms of a pulp infection include:
• pain when eating or drinking hot or cold food and drink;
• pain when biting or chewing;
• a loose tooth.
As the infection progresses, these symptoms often disappear as the
pulp dies.
Your tooth then appears to have healed, but the infection has in fact
spread through the root canal system.
You eventually get further symptoms such as:
• pain when biting or chewing returning;
• swelling of the gum near the affected tooth
• pus oozing from the affected tooth;
• a swollen cheek or jaw;
• the tooth becoming a darker colour.
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