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Файл:Перевод медицинского текста. Учебное пособие для подготовки к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Иностранный язык». 31.05.03 Стоматология
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Text 23. Sore or dry lips and mouth
Read and translate. Прочитайте и переведите текст
Picture 23. Pathological processes in the sore mouth and on dry lips
Dry or sore lips are a common problem, especially during hot or cold
weather. There are things you can try yourself that may help. Things you
can try if you have sore or dry lips.
Do:
• use a lip balm containing petroleum jelly or beeswax – you can buy
these at a pharmacy or supermarket;
• try a few different lip balms if one is not working for you – some
people may be sensitive to some fragrances, dyes or cosmetic ingredients;
• wash your hands before applying lip balm;
• use a lip balm with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or more
every 2 hours when outdoors;
• cover your lips with a scarf when you're outside in cold weather;
• drink plenty of water to avoid becoming dehydrated.
Don’t:
• do not pick or bite any flaky skin on your lips – this can slow down
healing;
• do not keep licking dry or cracked lips – this can make them sore;
• do not share lip balms with other people – this can spread germs.
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A pharmacist can help with sore or dry lips
A pharmacist can advise you about:
• the best treatments for dry or sore lips;
• if you need to see a GP;
• find a pharmacy.
See a GP if:
• your lips are hot, painful and swollen – this could be a sign of
infection;
• if your GP thinks you have an infected lip, they may prescribe an
antibiotic or antifungal cream to treat the problem.
Common causes of sore or dry lips
Sore or dry lips can be caused by many things.
Common causes include:
• cold weather, dry air or wind;
• damage from the sun;
• dehydration;
• a lip injury;
• allergies.
Sometimes they can be caused by a lack of vitamins and minerals.If
you have a small, fluid-filled blister on your lip, you may have a cold
sore.Most people with cold sores get a tingling, burning or itching feeling
on their lip before the blister appears.
Dry mouth
A dry mouth is rarely a sign of anything serious. There are things you
can do to help ease it yourself. See a GP if these do not work or you also
have other symptoms. Causes of a dry mouth
The main causes of a dry mouth are:
• dehydration – for example, from not drinking enough, sweating a
lot or being ill;
• medicines – check the leaflet or search for your medicine online to
see if dry mouth is a side effect;
• breathing through your mouth at night – this can happen if you
have a blocked nose or you sleep with your mouth open;
• anxiety;
• cancer treatment (radiotherapy or chemotherapy);
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• oral thrush (mouth thrush).
Sometimes a dry mouth that does not go away may be caused by a
condition like diabetes or Sjögren's syndrome.
How to help ease a dry mouth yourself
Do:
• drink plenty of cold water – take regular sips during the day and
keep some water by your bed at night;
• suck on ice cubes or ice lollies;
• sip on cold unsweetened drinks;
• chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free sweets;
• use lip balm if your lips are also dry;
• brush your teeth twice a day and use alcohol-free mouthwash –
you're more likely to get tooth decay if you have a dry mouth.
Don’t:
• do not drink lots of alcohol, caffeine (such as tea and coffee) or
fizzy drinks;
• do not use acidic artificial saliva products (like Glandosane aerosol
spray) if you have your own teeth;
• do not have foods that are acidic (like lemons), spicy, salty or
sugary;
• do not smoke;
• do not sleep with dentures in;
• do not stop taking a prescribed medicine without getting medical
advice first – even if you think it might be causing your symptoms.
A pharmacist can help if you have a dry mouth
Ask a pharmacist about treatments you can buy to help keep your
mouth moist.
You can get:
• gels;
• sprays;
• tablets or lozenges.
Not all products are suitable for everyone. Ask a pharmacist for advice
about the best one for you.If your dry mouth might be caused by a blocked
nose, a pharmacist may suggest decongestants to unblock it.
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See a GP if:
• your mouth is still dry after trying home or pharmacy treatments
for a few weeks;
• you have difficulty chewing, swallowing or talking;
• you're struggling to eat regularly;
• you are having problems with your sense of taste that are not
going away;
• your mouth is painful, red, swollen or bleeding;
• you have sore white patches in your mouth;
• you think a prescribed medicine might be causing your dry mouth;
• you have other symptoms, like needing to pee a lot or dry eyes.
They can check what the cause might be and recommend treatment for it.
Task 1. Answer the following questions
1) What is a common problem during hot or cold weather according
to the text?
2) Is using a lip balm (containing petroleum jelly or beeswax) one of
the things you can try if you have sore or dry lips?
3) Should a person cover his lips with a scarf when he’s outside in cold
weather?
4) Is it necessary to wash one’s hands before applying lip balm?
5) What can make lips sore?
6) What can spread germs on the lips?
7) What can slow down healing of sore or dry lips?
8) Can a pharmacist help you when you have sore or dry lips?
9) Name the signs of infection on the lips.
10) When does a GP prescribe an antibiotic or antifungal cream?
Task 2. Read and translate the following statement and say if it is
true or false
1) Dry or sore lips are a common problem, especially during hot or
cold weather.
2) Allergies cannot be a course of sore or dry lips.
3) A dry mouth is usually a sign of any serious disease.
4) Dehydration is one of the main courses of a dry mouth.
5) You can get gels, sprays tablets or lozenges to help keep your
mouth moist.
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Task 3. Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences (figures
and letters)
1. Things you should do if
you have sore or dry lips are
as follows
2.Things you shouldn’t do if
you have sore or dry lips are
as follows
3. Common causes of sore
or dry lips include
a.
- do not pick or bite any flaky skin on your lips – this can
slow down healing;
- do not keep licking dry or cracked lips – this can make
them sore;
- do not share lip balms with other people – this can
spread germs
b.
- cold weather, dry air or wind;
- damage from the sun;
- dehydration;
- a lip injury;
- allergies
c.
- use a lip balm containing petroleum jelly or beeswax –
you can buy these at a pharmacy or supermarket;
- try a few different lip balms if one is not working for you
– some people may be sensitive to some fragrances, dyes
or cosmetic ingredients;
- wash your hands before applying lip balm;
- use a lip balm with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or
more every 2 hours when outdoors;
- cover your lips with a scarf when you're outside in cold
weather;
- drink plenty of water to avoid becoming dehydrated
115
Text 24. Eating disorders
Read and translate. Прочитайте и переведите текст
Picture 24. Overeating and eating too little
An eating disorder is a mental health condition where you use the
control of food to cope with feelings and other situations.
Unhealthy eating behaviours may include eating too much or too little
or worrying about your weight or body shape.
Anyone can get an eating disorder, but teenagers between 13 and 17
are mostly affected.
With treatment, most people can recover from an eating disorder.
Types of eating disorders
The most common eating disorders are:
• anorexia nervosa – trying to control your weight by not eating
enough food, exercising too much, or doing both;
• bulimia – losing control over how much you eat and then taking
drastic action to not put on weight;
• binge eating disorder (BED) – eating large portions of food until
you feel uncomfortably full.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
ARFID is when someone avoids certain foods, limits how much they eat
or does both.
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Beliefs about weight or body shape are not reasons why people
develop ARFID.
Possible reasons for ARFID include:
• negative feelings over the smell, taste or texture of certain foods;
• a response to a past experience with food that was upsetting, for
example, choking or being sick after eating something;
• not feeling hungry or just a lack of interest in eating.
Check if you have an eating disorder
If you or people around you are worried that you have an unhealthy
relationship with food, you could have an eating disorder.
Symptoms of eating disorders include:
• spending a lot of time worrying about your weight and body shape;
• avoiding socialising when you think food will be involved;
• eating very little food;
• making yourself sick or taking laxatives after you eat;
• exercising too much;
• having very strict habits or routines around food;
• changes in your mood such as being withdrawn, anxious or
depressed.
You may also notice physical signs, including:
• feeling cold, tired or dizzy;
• pains, tingling or numbness in your arms and legs (poor
circulation);
• feeling your heart racing, fainting or feeling faint;
• problems with your digestion, such as bloating, constipation or
diarrhoea
• your weight being very high or very low for someone of your age
and height;
• not getting your period or other delayed signs of puberty.
Warning signs of an eating disorder in someone else
It can be very difficult to identify that a loved one or friend has
developed an eating disorder.
Warning signs to look out for include:
• dramatic weight loss;
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• lying about how much they've eaten, when they've eaten, or their
weight;
• eating a lot of food very fast;
• going to the bathroom a lot after eating;
• exercising a lot;
• avoiding eating with others;
• cutting food into small pieces or eating very slowly;
• wearing loose or baggy clothes to hide their weight loss.
Getting help for an eating disorder
If you think you may have an eating disorder, see a GP as soon as you
can.
A GP will ask about your eating habits and how you're feeling, plus
check your overall health and weight.
They may refer you to an eating disorder specialist or team of
specialists.
It can be very hard to admit you have a problem and ask for help. It
may make things easier if you bring a friend or loved one with you to your
appointment.
You can also talk in confidence to an adviser from eating disorders
charity Beat by calling their adult helpline on 0808 801 0677 or youth
helpline on 0808 801 0711.
Getting help for someone else
It can be difficult to know what to do if you're worried that someone
has an eating disorder.
They may not realize they have an eating disorder. They may also
deny it, or be secretive and defensive about their eating or weight.
Let them know you're worried about them and encourage them to
see a GP. You could offer to go along with them.
The eating disorder charity Beat also has information on:
• what to do if you're worried about a friend or family member;
• what to do if you're worried about a pupil;
• what to do if you're worried about an employee;
• supporting someone with an eating disorder.
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Treatment for eating disorders
You can recover from an eating disorder, but it may take time and
recovery will be different for everyone.If you're referred to an eating disorder
specialist or team of specialists, they'll be responsible for your care.
They should talk to you about the support you might need, such as for
other conditions you have, and include this in your treatment plan.Your
treatment will depend on the type of eating disorder you have, but usually
includes a talking therapy.
You may also need regular health checks if your eating disorder is
having an impact on your physical health.Your treatment may also involve
working through a guided self-help programme if you have bulimia or
binge eating disorder.Most people will be offered individual therapy, but
those with binge eating disorder may be offered group therapy.Treatment
for other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) will depend on the
type of eating disorder your symptoms are most like.For example, if your
symptoms are most like anorexia, your treatment will be similar to the
treatment for anorexia.
What causes eating disorders?
We do not know exactly what causes eating disorders.
You may be more likely to get an eating disorder if:
• you or a member of your family has a history of eating disorders,
depression, or alcohol or drug misuse;
• you've been criticised for your eating habits, body shape or weight;
• you're really worried about being slim, particularly if you also feel
pressure from society or your job, for example, ballet dancers, models or
athletes;
• you have anxiety, low self-esteem, an obsessive personality or you
are a perfectionist;
• you've been sexually abused.
Task 1. Answer the following questions
1) What is an eating disorder?
2) Who can be mostly affected with eating disorder?
3) How to decode the abbreviation ARFID?
4) Are there any possible reasons for ARFID?
5) What are the symptoms of eating disorders?
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6) What kind of physical signs of eating disorders may be noticed?
7) Name the warning signs of eating disorders.
8) What will the treatment for other specified feeding or eating
disorder (OSFED) depend on?
9) Anxiety, low self-esteem, an obsessive personality, perfectionism
are the most common causes of an eating disorders, aren’t they?
10) Can criticising for one’s eating habits, body shape or weight be
the cause of eating disorders?
Task 2. Read and translate the following statement and say if it is
true or false
1) Unhealthy eating behaviour means eating too much or too little or
worrying about your weight or body shape.
2) Possible reasons for ARFID include negative feelings over the
smell, taste or texture of certain food.
3) Bulimia is trying to control your weight by not eating enough food,
exercising too much, or doing both
4) Pains, tingling or numbness in your arms and legs (poor circulation)
are the physical signs of eating disorders.
5) It is necessary to have regular health checks if eating disorder is
having an impact on your physical health.
Task 3. Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences (figures
and letters)
1. An eating disorder is a
mental health condition
2. The most common
eating disorders are
3. Possible reasons for
ARFID include
a.
- negative feelings over the smell, taste or texture of certain
foods;
- a response to a past experience with food that was
upsetting, for example, choking or being sick after eating
something;
- not feeling hungry or just a lack of interest in eating
b.
- anorexia nervosa – trying to control your weight by not
eating enough food, exercising too much, or doing both;
- bulimia – losing control over how much you eat and then
taking drastic action to not put on weight;
- binge eating disorder (BED) – eating large portions of food
until you feel uncomfortably full
c. Where you use the control of food to cope with feelings
and other situations
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