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Файл:Перевод медицинского текста. Учебное пособие для подготовки к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Иностранный язык». 31.05.03 Стоматология
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Text 30. First aid
Read and translate. Прочитайте и переведите текст
Every year in the UK, thousands of people die or are seriously injured
in incidents. Many deaths could be prevented if first aid was given before
emergency services arrive.
What to do:
If someone is injured, you should:
• first check that you and the injured person aren't in any danger,
and, if possible, make the situation safe;
• if necessary, dial 999 for an ambulance when it's safe to do so;
• carry out basic first aid.
If someone is unconscious and breathing
If someone is unconscious but breathing, and has no other injuries
that would stop them being moved, place them in the recovery
position until help arrives. Keep them under observation to ensure they
continue to breathe normally.
If someone is unconscious and not breathing
If someone is not breathing normally, call 999 and start
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) straight away.
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Common accidents and emergencies
Here are some of the most common injuries that may need emergency
treatment in the UK and information about how to deal with them.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis (or anaphylactic shock) is a severe allergic reaction that
can occur after an insect sting or eating certain foods. The adverse reaction
can be very fast, occurring within seconds or minutes of coming into
contact with the substance the person is allergic to (allergen).
During anaphylactic shock, it may be difficult for the person to
breathe, as their tongue and throat may swell, obstructing their airway.
Call 999 immediately if you think someone is experiencing
anaphylactic shock.
Check if the person is carrying any medication. Some people who
know they have severe allergies may carry an adrenaline self-injector, which
is a type of pre-loaded syringe. You can either help the person administer
their medication or, if you're trained to do so, give it to them yourself. After
the injection, continue to look after the person until medical help arrives. All
casualties who have had an intramuscular or subcutaneous (under the
skin) injection of adrenaline must be seen and medically checked by a
healthcare professional as soon as possible after the injection has been
given. Make sure they're comfortable and can breathe as best they can
while waiting for medical help to arrive. If they're conscious, sitting upright
is normally the best position for them.
Bleeding heavily
If someone is bleeding heavily, the main aim is to prevent further
blood loss and minimise the effects of shock.
• first, dial 999 and ask for an ambulance as soon as possible;
• if you have disposable gloves, use them to reduce the risk of any
infection being passed on;
• check that there's nothing embedded in the wound. If there is,
take care not to press down on the object;
• instead, press firmly on either side of the object and build up
padding around it before bandaging to avoid putting pressure on the
object itself;
142
• do not try to remove it because it may be helping to slow down
the bleeding.
• If nothing is embedded:
• apply and maintain pressure to the wound with your gloved hand,
using a clean pad or dressing if possible. Continue to apply pressure until
the bleeding stops;
• use a clean dressing or any clean, soft material to bandage the
wound firmly;
• if bleeding continues through the pad, apply pressure to the
wound until the bleeding stops, and then apply another pad over the top
and bandage it in place;
• do not remove the original pad or dressing, but continue to check
that the bleeding has stopped;
• if a body part, such as a finger, has been severed, place it in a
plastic bag or wrap it in cling film;
• do not wash the severed limb;
• wrap the package in soft fabric and place in a container of crushed
ice. Do not let the limb touch the ice;
• make sure the severed limb goes with the patient to hospital;
• always seek medical help for bleeding, unless it's minor.
Burns and scalds
If someone has a burn or scald:
• cool the burn as quickly as possible with cool running water for at
least 20 minutes, or until the pain is relieved;
• call 999 or seek medical help, if needed;
• while cooling the burn, and before the area begins to swell,
carefully remove any clothing or jewellery, unless it's attached to the skin;
• if you're cooling a large burnt area, particularly in babies, children
and elderly people, be aware that it may cause hypothermia (it may be
necessary to stop cooling the burn to avoid hypothermia);
• if the burn has cooled, cover it loosely with cling film. If cling film
isn't available, use a clean, dry dressing or non-fluffy material. Do not wrap
the burn tightly as swelling may lead to further injury;
• do not apply creams, lotions or sprays to the burn.
143
Chemical burns
For chemical burns, wear protective gloves, remove any affected
clothing, and rinse the burn with cool running water for at least 20 minutes
to remove the chemical. If possible, determine the cause of the injury. In
certain situations where a chemical is regularly handled, a specific chemical
antidote may be available to use. Be careful not to contaminate and injure
yourself with the chemical, and wear protective clothing if necessary. Call
999 for immediate medical help.
Task 1. Answer the following questions
1) Could many deaths be prevented if first aid was given before
emergency services arrive?
2) What should you do if someone is injured?
3) What should you do if someone is unconscious and breathing?
4) When must a medical worker call 999 and start cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) straight away?
5) What is anaphylaxis (or anaphylactic shock)?
6) What must you do immediately if you think someone is
experiencing anaphylactic shock?
7) What must you do if someone has a burn or scald?
8) How should a medical worker act in case of chemical burns?
9) The most common injuries that may need emergency treatment is
anaphylactic shock, isn’t it?
10) Thousands of people die from injured in incidents, don’t they?
Task 2. Read and translate the following statement and say if it is
true or false
1) Every year in the UK, hundreds of people die or are seriously
injured in incidents.
2) During anaphylactic shock, it may be difficult for the person to see
clearly and hear everything.
3) Some people who know they have severe allergies may carry a type
of pre-loaded syringe with adrenaline.
4) If someone is bleeding heavily, the main aim is to prevent further
blood loss and minimize the effects of shock.
144
5) If someone has chemical burns, it is necessary to wear protective
gloves, remove any affected clothing, and rinse the burn with cool running
water for at least 20 minutes to remove the chemical.
Task 3. Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences (figures
and letters)
1. If someone is injured, you should a. Call 999 and start cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR) straight away
2. If someone is not breathing normally b. A severe allergic reaction that can occur after
an insect sting or eating certain foods
3. Anaphylaxis (or anaphylactic shock) is c.
- first check that you and the injured person aren't
in any danger, and, if possible, make the situation
safe;
- if necessary, dial 999 for an ambulance when it's
safe to do so;
- carry out basic first aid
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CONVERSATIONAL MEDICAL ENGLISH
РАЗГОВОРНЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Медицинские термины – это огромный пласт информации. Даже
отучившись на врача, их нужно запомнить на долгое время на русском
языке. Англо-русский медицинский разговорник, составленный по
различным тематикам, поможет освоить нужные медицинские
лексические единицы в определенных ситуациях. Все распределено и
проиллюстрировано по медицинским разделам для того, чтобы было
легко сориентироваться.
146
MAKING AN APPOINTMENT WITH A DOCTOR. ВЫЗОВ ВРАЧА
What number is for making an appointment with a doctor / calling an
ambulance? – По какому телефону можно записаться к врачу / вызвать
«скорую помощь»?
Вы всегда можете задать этот вопрос на рецепции отеля. В
Европе «скорую помощь» вызывают по номеру 112, в Америке и
Канаде – 911.
I'm ill. - Я болен.
I need an ambulance. – Мне нужна «скорая».
Call an ambulance! – Вызовите скорую!
Please, call a doctor! – Пожалуйста, вызовите врача!
When can I expect the doctor to arrive? – Когда мне ожидать
доктора?
Can а doctor come here? – Врач может прийти / приехать сюда?
Could you, please, call a doctor? – Вы не могли бы вызвать
врача, пожалуйста?
I have to get to a hospital! – Мне нужно в больницу!
Where is the nearest polyclinic / hospital? – Где
ближайшая поликлиника / больница?
Take me to the hospital! – Отвезите меня в больницу,
пожалуйста!
147
IN REGISTRATION. В РЕГИСТРАТУРЕ
Hello! I'd like to make an appointment with a doctor / dentist. –
Здравствуйте! Я бы хотел записаться на прием к врачу / дантисту.
Do you have any doctors who speak Russian? – У вас есть
русскоговорящие врачи?
I'd like to see a doctor as soon as possible. – Я бы хотел попасть к врачу
как можно скорее.
I have a 12 o’clock appointment. – Я записана 12 часов утра.
When can the doctor see me? – Когда врач может принять меня?
I need a doctor. – Мне нужен врач.
I need to consult a physician. – Мне нужно проконсультироваться с
терапевтом.
I must urgently see a dentist. – Мне срочно нужно увидится с зубным
врачем.
When will the doctor come? – В котором часу придёт врач?
When will the doctor be free? – Когда врач освободится?
Is it urgent? – Это срочно? – фраза, которую можно услышать от
рецепциониста (receptionist). Если боль острая, вас примут очень быстро.
Do you have an appointment? – Вам назначено?
I'd like to see Dr. Frost on Monday. – Я бы хотел назначить встречу с
доктором Фростом в понедельник.
Please, take a seat. – Присаживайтесь, пожалуйста.
The doctor's ready to see you now. – Доктор готов принять вас сейчас.
Do you have health insurance? – У вас есть медицинская страховка?
(Обязательно позаботьтесь о медицинской страховке, если едите
заграницу. Она покроет ваши расходы на лечение).
How much do I owe you for the visit? – Сколько я должен за визит?
148
ON EXAMINATION. НА ОБСЛЕДОВАНИИ
How are you feeling? – Как вы себя чувствуете?
What’s the matter with you? – Что свами?
What are your complaints? – На что жалуетесь?
What’s bothering you? – Что вас беспокоит?
Where does it hurt? – Где болит?
Does it hurt when I press here? – Вам больно, когда я сюда
нажимаю?
Is this the first time this has happened? – С вами такое впервые?
What have you eaten (drunk)? – Что вы ели (пили)?
Has this ever happened before? – Такое раньше бывало?
Please, take off your clothes. – Пожалуйста, снимите одежду.
Are you on any sort of medication? – Bы принимаете какие–
нибудь лекарства?
When did it start? – Когда это началось?
Let me look at your arm. – Позвольте взглянуть на вашу руку
I'll examine your ears. – Я осмотрю ваши уши.
Does anything else hurt? – Что–нибудь еще болит?
Is anything else bothering you? – Что–нибудь еще беспокоит вас?
When did you notice these symptoms? – Когда вы заметили эти
симптомы?
What infectious diseases have you had? – Какими инфекционными
заболеваниями вы болели?
Do you have any allergies? – У вас есть аллергия на что-нибудь?
149
Are you allergic to any medication? – Есть ли у вас аллергия
на какие–либо лекарства?
I'm going to take your blood pressure / temperature / pulse. – Я
собираюсь измерить ваше кровяное давление / температуру /
пульс.
Are you getting enough sleep? – Вы высыпаетесь?
150
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