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Файл:English in pharmacy. A guide in English for pharmaceutical students. Учебное пособие
.pdf
Progress check
Infinitive
Variant I
Переведите предложения на русский язык и определите функцию ин-
финитива
1. To study well is our duty.
2. To be excellent pharmacists we must study hard.
3. The text to be translated is very difficult.
4. The doctor will prescribe a patient some antibiotics to prevent complications
after the grippe.
5. Pirogoff was the first to use ether anaesthesia during the operations.
6. I want to become a pharmacist.
7. We must work as pharmacists.
8. To recover quickly we must follow all the doctors’ instructions.
9. The tablet to be swallowed is in the box.
10. The new chemical elements began to be opened in the 18
th
century.
Variant II
Переведите предложения на русский язык и определите функцию ин-
финитива
1. To see the components of the cell the students use a microscope.
2. The medicine to be prescribed is absolutely harmless.
3. They were told to prepare a mixture.
4. To prepare for the lecture he spent much time.
5. The tumour to be removed is benign.
6. To examine the patient is rather difficult.
7. He was the first to visit me at the hospital.
8. We should read much for our seminars.
9. Suppositories are used to improve the state of the patient.
10. This remedy may be used in the case of vomiting tendency.
141
Progress check
Infinitive and Constructions
Variant I
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He is known to perform the operation twice a week.
2. He appears to be quite ill.
3. Doctors believe the operation to be necessary in this case.
4. He is likely to have tuberculosis.
5. The patient has been found to have had heart defect since childhood.
6. The doctor ordered the seriously ill patient to be hospitalized immediately.
7. We know many infectious diseases to be caused by bacteria.
8. The treatment is thought to help in most cases.
9. They made us work hard.
10. This ointment seems to be absolutely necessary.
Variant II
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He is known to survive the operation very well.
2. X-ray examination is said to be very important in case of pneumonia.
3. Doctors found interferon to be effective against the flu.
4. Both lungs of the patient seemed to be affected.
5. Laboratory studies showed the urine to be negative.
6. He is likely to help me.
7. I believe this method of treatment to be successful.
8. The temperature seems to increase.
9. This method of treatment is reported to be very useful.
10. Hundreds of different antibiotics have been found to combat diseases caused
by bacteria.
142
1.
Nowadays English is the most important language in the world.
2.
In order to achieve these, medical students should study and work hard.
3.
Medicinal plants possess very valuable constituents.
4.
This scientist is mixing substances in the test-tube
5.
What question was being discussed at that time yesterday?
6.
Many people had died of smallpox.
7.
Pavlov had to make operations on dogs.
8.
You will have to stop smoking.
9.
The operation may be carried out in many ways.
10.
The man living next door is the professor of our Academy.
11.
Travelling all over the world, the scientist visited many interesting places and
collected important material.
12.
To be good doctor means to be a highly educated person.
13.
It is dangerous to use this medicine without consulting a doctor.
14.
The medicine to be prescribed is absolutely harmless.
15.
To become a therapeutist one should achieve knowledge of different subjects.
16.
Sizes of tablets to be swallowed range from a few millimeters to about a centimeter.
17.
Aspirin and paracetamol are known to relieve pain and lower the temperature.
18.
She is sure to take this medicine.
19.
Adonis vernalis appeared to be about ten times as powerful as digitoxin.
20.
We know many infectious diseases to be caused by bacteria.
21.
He made me do this work.
22.
The rate of urinary flow is known to be increased.
23.
He is supposed to be examining a patient.
24.
The doctors find cancer to be an extremely severe disease.
25.
We saw him leave the operating room.
Variant 1
Final grammar progress check
143
Variant 2
1.
Life – long learning in the field of medicine is the most natural process.
2.
To know English today is absolutely necessary for every educated man.
3.
Hemoglobin carries oxygen to the muscles and organs.
4.
A chemist is observing a reaction now.
5.
We are being waited for now.
6.
They have known this white metal since earliest times.
7.
You are to know Anatomy very well.
8.
To use this drug you had to consult a therapeutist.
9.
All these medicines must be kept in a cool darkened place.
10.
Reading much every day he learns a lot of new words.
11.
People travelling much learn many interesting facts.
12.
To use this drug you have to consult a therapeutist.
13.
It is important to collect plants in proper time.
14.
There are some blood tests to be made.
15.
Vitamin C helps to recover after illness.
16.
The drug to be taken by this child may prevent his disease.
17.
This vaccine is reported to have been used externally.
18.
This man is likely to have headache.
19.
In ancient times, no drug proved to be really effective in reducing the pain
and shock of operations.
20.
We know hormones to play a very important role in the body.
21.
Scientists considered a balanced diet to be necessary for everybody.
22.
Streptococci do not cause information by direct invasion.
23.
After the first two weeks of acute nephritis patients usually appear to
make a complete recovery.
24.
I know the doctor to come at 9 a.m.
25.
They made us work us very hard.
144
Lexical tests
1. ointment
a) Take one half an hour before going to bed
2. plaster
b) Take one every six hours for seven days
3. vaccination
c) rub a little bin in every few hours.
4. injection
d) Take a few drops three times a day.
5.sleeping pills
e) You’ll have to get a shot at least three
weeks before going to Africa.
6. antibiotics
f) You need to take a massage and exercise every other day
7. physiotherapy
g) We’ll give you a shot now and another one tomorrow
8. nose drops
h) Your broken arm needs to be treated in hospital
1 pharmacy
a- a short glass tube with a hollow rubber part at one
end, that you use to measure out liquid one drop at a
time
2 medicine
b- someone who is trained to prepare drugs and medicines and who works in a chemist’s shop or hospital
3 herb
c- a soft substance made of solid oil that you rub into
your skin, especially as a medical treatment
4 dropper
d- a small piece of solid medicine that is placed in
someone’s rectum or vagina
5 tablet
e- a shop where medicines and toiletries are sold
6 prescription
f- the study or practice of preparing drugs and medicines
7 pharmacist
g- a piece of paper on which a doctor writes what medicine a sick person. should have, so that they can get it
from a pharmacist.
8 chemist’s shop
h- a small round hard piece of medicine
9 suppository
i- a substance used for treating illness, especially a liquid you drink.
10 ointment
j- a small plant that is used to improve the taste of
food, or to make medicine.,
Match part (a-h) with part (1-8)
Match both parts (the word and its definition)
145
Test
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания, указывая цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,
соответствующую номеру выбранного Вами варианта ответа.
DRUGS
The metric system is used exclusively when ordering and prescribing drugs.
The metric unit of weight is the gram (g) and this is divided into thousandths
called milligrams (mg).
The unit of volume is the litre (l) which is subdivided into thousandths called
mililitres (ml). A litre is equivalent to just two pints. The standard medicine teaspoon
holds 5 ml.
Various reference books are available to help practitioners keep up to date with
new drugs, the trade names of drugs, dosages and precautions with particular drugs.
Manufacturers are also legally required to provide data sheets for all new drugs, giving full details of usage.
Drugs may be administered externally.
Drugs are classified into groups which have a specific action, such as antibacte-
rial drugs, which are used for the treatment of infections, or local anaesthetics which
abolish pain. Some drugs belong to more than one group; for example, lignocaine,
which is a local end surface anaesthetic. Let’s take antibacterial drugs as an example.
They are administered externally to kill bacteria.
Antibiotics are drugs originally derived from microorganisms: for example, pen-
icillins, tetracyclines and erythromycin. Many people are allergic to penicillin and its
derivatives. If such people are given any of these drugs they are liable to develop a
dangerous reaction. Patients must always be asked beforehand if they are allergic to
penicillin or any other drugs.
Tasks
1. The metric system is used exclusively
1) after ordering and prescribing drugs;
2) when speaking to the pharmacist;
3) when perscribing and ordering drugs;
4) when treating at home.
2. The metric unit is the gram and this is divided into
1) pints and litres;
146
2) thousandths called milligrams;
3) millilitres;
4) grains and ounces.
3. A litre is equivalent to just
1) two ounces;
2) two pints;
3) two milligrams;
4) two grams.
4. The standard medicine teaspoon holds
1) five millilitres;
2) fifteen millilitres;
3) ten millilitres;
4) fifty millilitres.
5. Various reference books are available to help with
1) prescription and delivery;
2) generics and antibiotics;
3) dosage and precautions;
4) brand and trade names.
6. Data sheets for all new drugs give
1) full details of storage;
2) administration and package;
3) full requirements;
4) full details of usage.
7. Drugs may be administered
1) intramuscularly and intravenously;
2) orally and percutaneously;
3) externally or internally;
4) topically or subcutaneously.
8. Drugs are classified into
1) groups which have a painkilling action;
2) groups which have a specific action;
3) groups which have a broad action;
4) groups which have a narrow action.
9. Antibacterial drugs are administered
147
1) to kill viruses;
2) to kill fungi;
3) to kill moulds;
4) to kill bacteria.
10. Antibiotics are drugs originally derived
1) from bacteria;
2) from microorganisms;
3) from other drugs;
4) from penicillin derivatives.
Тест достижения
Test 1
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 1-10, отметив вариант а, b, с
или d, соответствующий ответу, который вам кажется наиболее верным.
Aspirin is a group of drugs called salicylates. It works by reducing substances in
the body that cause pain, fever, and inflammation.
Aspirin is used to treat mild to moderate pain, and also to reduce fever or in-
flammation. It is sometimes used to treat or prevent heart attacks, strokes, and angina.
Aspirin should be used for cardiovascular conditions only under the supervision of a
doctor.
Aspirin should not be given to a child or teenager who has a fever, especially if
the child also has flu symptoms or chicken pox. It can cause a serious and sometimes
fatal condition called Reye’s syndrome in children.
Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any symp-
toms of bleeding in your stomach or intestines. Symptoms include black, bloody, or
tarry stools, and coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds.
Avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking this medication. Alcohol may in-
crease your risk of stomach bleeding.
If you are taking aspirin to prevent heart attack or stroke, avoid also taking ibu-
profen. If you must use both medications, take ibuprofen at least 8 hours before or 30
minutes after you take aspirin (non-enteric coated form). This medication may be
148
harmful to an unborn baby’s heart, and may also reduce birth weight or have other
dangerous effects.
Take this medication with a full glass of water. Taking aspirin with food or milk
can lessen stomach upset. Enteric-coated aspirin is specially formulated to be gentle
on your stomach, but you may take it with food or milk if desired. Do not crush,
chew, break, or open an enteric-coated pile. The chewable tablet form of aspirin must
be chewed before swallowing.
Do not take this medication if you smell a strong vinegar odor in the aspirin bot-
tle. The medicine may no longer be effective. Store aspirin at room temperature away
from moisture and heat.
1. Aspirin is in a group of drugs called………….
a) sulfonamides
b) nitrates
c) salicylates
d) quinolones
2. Aspirin is used to treat…………
a) mild to severe pain
b) moderate to slight pain
c) mild to pronounced pain
d) mild to moderate pain
3. Aspirin should be used………………
a) under the supervision of a pharmacist
b) under the supervision of a doctor
c) under general anaesthesia
d) under the supervision of a nurse
4. Aspirin should not be given……………….
a) to a child with cough
b) to a child with inflammation
c) to a child with measles
d) to a child with fever
5. Stop using this medication if you have……………..
a) any symptoms of headache
b) any symptoms of bleeding
149
c) any sings of fever
d) any sings of toothache
6. Avoid drinking……..
a) milk
b) tea
c) alcohol
d) coffee
7. This medication may be harmful…………
a) baby’s stomach
b) unborn baby’s heart
c) unborn baby’s spleen
d) unborn baby’s head
8. Take this medication …………….
a) a full glass of tea
b) a full glass of juice
c) a full glass of coffee
d) a full glass of water
9. …………..aspirin is gentle on your stomach
a) Tabletted
b) Enteric – coated
c) Compressed
d) Pured
10. Store aspirin …………….
a) at a darkened place
b) at a cool place
c) at room temperature
d) at high temperature
150
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