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UNIT 7. EDUCATION
valuable
[ ˈvæljuəbl ]
ценный, дорогой, важный
possession
[ p
əˈzeʃn ]
владение, имущество, одержимость
well
-
educated
|ˈwelˈedjuːkeɪtɪd|
образованный
образование, образованность, обучение, вос-
личность, индивидуальность, деятель, персо-
квалифицированн
ый, пригодный, ограничен-
Exercise 1. Read the following pre-reading questions and answer them
orally
1. Did you enjoy going to school?
2. Were you a good or a bad pupil?
3. What were your favourite subjects?
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text
Education in Our Life
Education plays a very important role in our life. It is one of the most valuable possessions a man can get in his life. During all the periods of human history education ranked high among people. Human progress mostly depended
upon well-educated people.
Self-education is very important for the development of human's talents.
Only through self-education a person can become a harmonically developed personality. A person becomes a highly qualified specialist after getting some special education. And professionalism can be reached only through it. Even highly
qualified specialists from time to time attend refresher courses to refresh their
knowledge.
We get our knowledge of this world and life through education. Many famous discoveries would have been impossible if people were not interested in
learning something.
Education develops different sides of human personality, reveals his abilities. Besides, it helps a person to understand himself, to choose the right way in
this world. The civilized state differs from others in the fact that it pays much
attention to the educational policy. John Kennedy said: "Our progress as a nation
can be no swifter than our progress in education". But it doesn't concern only
one particular nation. We know that science and art belong to the whole world.
Before them the barriers of nationality disappear. So education brings people
closer to each other, helps them to understand each other better.
Read the words
Self-education |self ɛdʒʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n|
personality |pəːsəˈnalɪti|
qualified [ ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd ]
питание, просвещение, культура, развитие
на, особенности характера
ный
81
refresher [ rɪˈfreʃ.ər ]
переподготовка, напоминание, освежающий
through
[ θruː ]
через, по, сквозь
impossible
[ ɪmˈpɒsəbl ]
невозможный, невыполнимый, невыносимый
swift
[ sw
ɪft ] быстрый, быстроногий
concern
[ k
ənˈsɜːn ]
забота, интерес, отношение
particular
[ p
əˈtɪkjələ(r) ]
частность, подробность
disappear
[ ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r) ]
исчезнуть, скрыться, отпадать
rank
[ ræŋk ]
ранг, ряд, разряд
harmonically
[ hɑːˈmɒnɪklɪ ]
гармонично
напиток
Exercise 3. Answer the questions on the text
1. What has been the most important thing during the history of all nations?
2. What kinds of education are meant in the text?
3. What does education give?
4. What is the difference of the educated states?
5. Does the education make people closer and how?
Exercise 4. Make 10 questions to the text and ask your groupmates.
Exercise 5. Make a dialogue on the following points:
1. The importance of education and self-education
2. Kinds of modern education
3. Education or work?
Exercise 6. Make sentences, using all the vocabulary given to the text.
Exercise 7. Give a short summary of the text.
GRAMMAR
PAST PERFECT
Past Perfect – время, выражающее предшествование в действии.
Время Past Perfect обозначает действие, которое завершилось
до некоего момента в прошлом:
I called Jim too late, he had already left.
Я позвонил Джиму слишком поздно, он уже ушел.
We had lived in Paris for 12 years before we moved to America.
До переезда в Америку мы прожили в Париже 12 лет.
82
Образование Past Perfect
I had played
We had played
You had played
You had played
He / she / it had played
They had played
Had I played?
Had we played?
Had you played?
Had you played?
Had he / she / it played?
Had they played?
I had not played
We had not played
You had not played
You had not played
He / she / it had not played
They had not played
Утвердительные предложения
Вопросительные предложения
В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный глагол выносится
на место перед подлежащим, а значимый глагол остается после него:
Had you brushed your teeth before you went to bed?
Ты почистил зубы, прежде чем пойти спать?
Отрицательные предложения
В отрицательных предложениях за вспомогательным глаголом следует отрицательная частица not. При этом они могут быть сокращены до
формы hadn’t.
How did you hope to pass the exam if you had not (hadn’t) even opened the textbook?
Как ты надеялся сдать экзамен, если ты до этого даже учебник не открыл?
Случаи употребления Past Perfect:
1. Действие, закончившееся до определенного момента в прошлом,
на который может указывать точная дата или час, начало другого действия
или контекст:
After the Sun had set, we saw thousands of fireflies.
После того, как зашло солнце, мы увидели тысячи светлячков.
2. Перечисление действий в прошлом, произошедших до времени
повествования в целом:
I finally caught Lucky and looked around. The nasty dog had scratched the furniture, had tornthe wallpapers and had eaten my lunch on the table.
83
Я наконец поймал Лаки и осмотрелся вокруг. Мерзкая собака исцарапала
мебель, порвала обои и съела мой обед на столе.
Exercise 8. Выучите правила образования и использования Past
Perfect Tense
Exercise 9. Supply a suitable Simple Past or Past Perfect Tense:
1. I ……………… (worry) a lot about her before I ….. (hear) that she was safe.
2. I I didn’t like the flat. It …………………….. (be) much smaller than I
………………….. (think) at first.
3. He told us he ………………………….. (shoot) a big tiger.
4. They ……………………….. (drink) tea after they
………………………………. (finish) dinner.
5. She ……………. just ……………….. (fold) the pink apron and placed it in a
table drawer when the door …………………………… (open) and Joe
………………. (enter).
6. The police wanted to know why he ……………………. (bring) a gun to
school.
7. After he ………………………………. (work) at the hospital for two years he
………….. (decide) to give up the job.
8. When I …………………………. (arrive) at the party John ……………. already ……….. (go) home.
9. We ………………………… (wait) until the match
…………………………….. (finish).
10. They …………………………… (leave) the room before the meeting
…………………… (finish).
11. I ……………………………….. (buy) a new camera before I
…………………. (go) to London.
12. I ……………….. just ………………… (turn off) the lights when the telephone ………… (ring).
Exercise 10. Supply a suitable Simple Past or Past Perfect Tense:
1. …………. he …………….. (know) her for a long time before they
……………………… (get) married?
2. He ………………………………. (drive) down the hotel where they
……………………. (spend) their honeymoon years ago.
3. When we ………………………… (get) to the station the train
…………………………... (already / leave).
4. He …………………………. (sit) at a table by the window where he
…………………….. (have) a meal with Jane.
5. Why ………………. he ………………… (not / ask) her to wait and think
again before she ………………………….. (leave) Paris.
6. He was wondering why he ………………………………… (let) her leave so
easily.
84
7. He knew he ………………………………… (earn) that money with a great
1 Дер
жать
hold [hould]
held [held]
held [held]
2
Ушибить
hurt [hз:t]
hurt [hз:t]
hurt [hз:t]
3
Содержать
keep [ki:p]
kept [kept]
kept [kept]
4
Стоять на коленях
kneel [ni:l]
knelt [nelt]
knelt [nelt]
5
Знать
know [nou]
knew [nju:]
known [noun]
6
Класть
lay [lei] laid [leid]
laid [leid]
7
Вести
lead [li:d]
led [led]
led [led]
8
Наклоняться
lean [li:n]
leant [lent]
leant [lent]
9
Учить
learn [lз:n]
learnt [lз:nt]
learnt [lз:nt]
10
Оставлять
leave [li:v]
left [left]
left [left]
11
Занимать
lend [lend]
len
t [lent]
lent [lent]
12
Позволять
let [let]
let [let]
let [let]
13
Лежать
lie [lai]
lay [lei]
lain [lein]
14
Освещать
light [lait]
lit [lit]
lit [lit]
15
Терять
lose [lu:z]
lost [l
ɔst] lost [l
ɔst] 16 Производить
make [meik]
made [meid]
made [meid]
17
Значить
mean [mi:n]
meant [ment]
meant [ment]
I shall have played
We shall have played
difficulty.
8. After they …………………………… (go), he …………………….. (sit)
down and ……………………… (light) a cigarette.
9. He ………………………….. (have to) go to work by bus because his car
………………. (break) down.
10. He …………………………… (angry) before he ………………………
(hear) my offer.
Exercise 11. Выучите следующие неправильные глаголы:
FUTURE PERFECT
Future Perfect – будущее совершенное время.
Время Future Perfect используется довольно редко, оно обозначает
действие, которое закончится до определенного момента или начала другого действия в будущем или будет продолжать длиться после него.
Next year we shall have been married for 30 years.
В следующем году мы будем женаты уже 30 лет.
Образование Future Perfect
Утвердительные предложения
85
You will h
ave played
You will have played
He / she / it will have played
They will have played
Shall I have played?
Shall we have played?
Will you have played?
Will you have played?
Will he / she / it have played?
Will they have played?
I shall not have played
We shall not have played
You will not have played
You will not have played
He / she / it will not have played
They will not have played
Вопросительные предложения
В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный глагол выносится
на место перед подлежащим, а значимый глагол остается после него:
Will you have read all these books by the exam time?
Ты прочтешь все эти книги до начала экзаменов?
Отрицательные предложения
В отрицательных предложениях за вспомогательным глаголом следует отрицательная частица not. При этом они могут быть сокращены до
формы shan’t (won’t):
I guess, I shall not have received your next letter before Christmas.
Думаю, я не получу твое следующее письмо раньше Рождества.
Случаи употребления Future Perfect
Действие, которое начнется и закончится до определенного момента
в будущем:
You will have spent much efforts before you can run a marathon.
Ты потратишь много усилий, прежде чем сможешь пробежать марафон.
Exercise 12. Use Future Perfect Tense
1. By next February I ………………………………… (write) my third book.
2. I hope you …………………………. (not / forget) my name by tomorrow.
3. By next week we …………………………….. (redecorate) the house.
4. Next July she …………………………………… (be) dead for ten years.
5. I hope I ……… (not / make) a lot of mistakes in this exam when I finish it.
6. By the end of this year I …………………………… (drive) more than one
hundred thousand kilometers with this car.
7. I hope it …………………. (stop) raining before the match starts.
8. I ………………………. (have) an operation when you turn back.
86
9. By this time next week I …………………………………………. (marry).
10. If nothing is done one million species that are alive today …… (become) extinct in twenty years.
11. The tropical rain forests ………………………. (disappear) in thirty years.
Exercise 13. Use Nessessary Tense:
The first Wednesday in every month (be) a Perfectly Awful Day. Every
floor must be spotless, every chair dustless and every bed without a wrinkle.
Ninety-seven little orphans must be scrubbed and combed and reminded of their
manners and told to say “Yes, sir”, “No, sir”, whenever a Trustee (speak).
It (be) a distressing time; and poor Jerusha Abbott (have) to bear the brunt
of it. But this particular Wednesday, like its predecessors, finally (drag) itself to
a close. Jerusha (escape) from the pantry where she (make) sandwiches and
(turn) upstairs to do her regular work. Her special care (be) room F. Jerusha (assemble) her charges, (straighten) their frocks, (wipe) their noses and (send) them
to the dining-room.
Then she (drop) down on the window seat and (lean) her forehead against
the cool glass. She (be) on her feet since fi ve that morning. The day (to end) —
quite successfully, so far as she (know). The Trustees and the visiting committee
(make) their rounds and (read) their reports and (drink) their tea. And now they
(hurry) home.
Exercise 14. Use Nessessary Tense:
In the early morning he (awake) and (look) out upon a small town just
arising from sleep. Lights (come on), soft voices (mutter). A porter (move by), a
shadow in shadows.
“Sir,” (say) Willie.
The porter (stop).
“What town is this?” (whisper) the boy in the dark.
“Valleyville. Is this your stop?”
“It (look) green, “Willie (gaze) out at the cold morning town for a long time.
“It (look) nice and quiet.”
“Son,” (say) the porter, “you know where you (go)?”
“Here,” said Willie.
“I hope you know what you (do), boy,” said the porter.
“Yes, sir,” said Willie. “I know what I (do).” And he (be) down the dark
aisle, luggage lifted for him by the porter, and out in the cold morning.
He (watch) the black train until it was completely gone away and out of
sight. Then, as the sun (rise), he (begin) to walk very fast, so as to keep warm,
down into the new town.
Exercise 15. Use Nessessary Tense:
1. Вряд ли они придут. Они переезжают через пару недель.
2. Вряд ли они смогут прийти в пятницу. Они переезжают.
87
3. Не ждите меня, я вас через минуту догоню.
[ wu:l
]
wool
–
шерсть
[
wi:l ] wheel
–
колесо
[ wou
]
woe – горе
[
wið ] with
–
с (предлог)
[ weit
]
wait
–
ждать
[
wet ] wet – мокрый
[
wel ] well
–
хорошо
[
wi:k
]
week
–
неделя
[ fi:l ] – [
wi:l ] feel
– wheel
чувствовать
- колесо
4. Не утруждайтесь звонить ему, он все равно придет еще раз в среду.
5. Он не опоздает, он приедет скорым поездом.
6. Нет смысла его ждать, он сегодня будет поздно.
7. Надо идти, они долго ждать не будут.
8. Посмотри в программке, кто будет играть Гамлета.
9. Кто будет выступать в субботу вместо заболевшего артиста?
10. Не беспокойтесь, я скоро напишу.
11. Не уходи, сейчас будем ужинать.
12. Я еще не был на заводе, я туда поеду завтра.
13. Я не смогу посмотреть вашу выставку, я уже уеду из Москвы.
PHONETICS
Exercise 16. Study the rules given above and read correctly
Звук [w]
Прежде чем произносить звук, попробуйте сделать следующие
упражнения:
Сильно округлите и выпятите вперёд губы. Продувайте воздух в образовавшееся круглое отверстие.
Выпятите губы, затем быстро разведите их в стороны. Повторите
упражнение несколько раз.
При произнесении звука [ w ] губы сильно округляются и выдвигаются вперёд, образуя круглую щель. Затем мгновенно язык и губы переходят в положение для произнесения последующего гласного.
Например:
На письме звук [ w ] передается только буквой w [ dʌbl ju: ]: wait,
week, wet, wheel, woe.
Так как в русском языке нет звука [ w ], то его стараются заменить
русским звуком «ф», реже «в». При произнесении [ w ] губы округлены и
слегка выпячены вперёд. При произнесении [ f, v ] верхние зубы задевают
за нижнюю губу как при русском «ф».
Сравните:
88
[ fou ] – [
wou
]
foe –
woe
враг
– горе
[
fel ] – [
wel ] fell –
well
упал
– хорошо
[
feil ] – [
weil
]
fail –
whale
потерпеть неудачу
– кит [ fu:l ] – [
wu:l
]
fool
– wool
дурак
– шерсть
[
wet ] – [
vet ] Wet –
vet сырой
– ветеринар
[
weil
] – [ veil ] wail
– veil завывание
– вуаль
[
wi:l ] – [
vi:l ] wheel
– veal
колесо
– барани
на [ west
] – [ vest ] west
– vest запад
– жилет
[
wein
] – [ vein
]
wane
– vane
ущерб
– лопасть
Exercise 17. Learn by heart
We wear woolen wear in winter,
While we wear waterproofs in wet weather.
Why do we wear woolen wear in winter,
While we wear waterproofs in wet weather?
Мы носим шерстяную одежду зимой,
Тогда как мы носим водонепромакаемую одежду в сырую погоду.
Почему мы носим шерстяную одежду зимой,
A white wizard works wonders with a wand,
While a wicked witch works wonders with words.
Why does the white wizard work wonders with the wand,
While the wicked witch works wonders with the words?
Седой колдун творит чудеса с помощью волшебной палочки,
Тогда как злая ведьма творит чудеса с помощью слов.
Почему седой колдун творит чудеса с помощью волшебной палочки,
Тогда как злая ведьма творит чудеса с помощью слов?
Whales want to wallow in warm waves,
While walruses want to wallow in white waves.
Why do the whales want to wallow in warm waves,
While the walruses want to wallow in white waves?
Киты хотят барахтаться в тёплых волнах,
Тогда как моржи хотят барахтаться в белых волнах.
Почему киты хотят барахтаться в тёплых волнах,
Тогда как моржи хотят барахтаться в белых волнах?
89
DISCUSSION
Exercise 18. Study the rules given above and read the text correctly and
then translate
Learning foreigner language
More and more people realize that every educated person should know a foreigner language. The most popular language now is English. English is a world
language. It's the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relation, commerce and business. It's the universal language of international aviation, shipping and sports. It is also the major language of diplomacy. Hundreds and
hundreds of books, magazines and newspapers are printed in English and real all
over the world. 75% of the world's mail and 60% of the world's telephone calls are
in English. Half of the world's scientific literature is written in English too.
English is spoken by more than 350 million people . It is the official language of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of the United
States of America, of Australia and New Zealand. English is used as one of the official languages in Canada, the Republic of South Africa and the Irish Republic. It's
also spoken as second language speakers in many parts of Asia and Africa.
The number of second language speakers may soon exceed the number of
native speakers. In Russia English is very popular: it is studied at schools, colleges, universities, and sometimes even at nurse schools. There are also other
languages that are popular in the world. For example over 1000 million people
use Chinese, the first language in the number of people who speak it, it means
that out one of every five people in whole world speaks Chinese. Another popular language is Arabic, which is the official language of several Asia's countries
(Iran, Iraq, Syria, United Arab Emirates and others).
Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing. It is a long and slow
process that takes a lot of time and patience. But to know languages today is absolutely necessary for everyone. I want to know foreign language because I have
always been interested in foreign countries and their cultures. You know I think
that who doesn't know a foreign language, doesn't know his own language.
Exercise 19. Write down the plan to the text
Exercise 20. Retell the text
Exercise 21. Comment on the next quotation:
One`s work may be finished someday, but one`s education never.
Alexandre Dumas
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