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Файл:The Information Resonance in Social System. Monograph
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CHAPTER 4. SOCIAL SPACE UNDER THE IMPACT 81
stratification [20]. In stratification on level of incomes it is
possible to find out two "fashions" (values of a sign which
among carriers of a measured sign meets more often).
On population census in the USA in 2000 the old middle
class with families has the 40-90 thousand dollars revenue, the
supernew middle class has moved upwards – 100–150 thousand
dollars and downwards – 24–45 thousand dollars [21].
Alter-social movements as agents
of virtual social space
Virtual and a Glam-capitalism – generality dominate
absolutely. Expansion virtual and Glam-capitalism-actors
everywhere is accompanied by "trash" occurrence (trash garbage, garbage). This not only aesthetic movement - aversion
of all "terribly beautiful". This phenomenon universally and too
is a consequence virtualization. Virtualization causes reaction of
tearing away in those who is not integrated into an ultramodern
order. Outsiders revolt against submission to everything that
there is a substitution valid the imagined. Revolt of authenticity
against virtual generates supernew movements. They are
"pirates", hackers, manufacturers of medicines – “generics”,
discounters. In 1990th and 2000th they have transformed revolt
into business strategy. These "guerrillas of business" became
alternative to a Glam-capitalism dominating in economy and
became strong players as offer consumers the goods and
services not so high on quality and very low at the price. This
price much more below that which is established by Glamcapitalism - capitalists since she does not include brand (virtual)
and trend (Glam-capitalism) components. "Pirates" break "the
intellectual property" rights, deprive of legal owners of
possibility to profit by zero costs of duplicating of a product.
Generics – the pharmaceutical companies let out cheap
analogues of world famous brands, undermining monopoly of
holders of brands. In 2005 the market share generics has made
about 13 %. Hackers as the global community of programmers
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 82
free of charge extends software products through the Internet.
Discounters create the alternative companies that who has high
image.
Alter-social movements do not create organizational
structures. Their principles: "has made business - and has left".
But these movements do not return in a society integrity and
solidarity, do not promote strengthening of "a civil society" and
tolerance. Moreover, tolerance is alien to Glam-capitalism capitalists, and alter-social movements as they are equally
aggressive, intolerant and cruel. These contradictory forces
form interdependent structures of virtual social space.
Not except new agents of formation of a break of social
space one more social stratum, one takes part in it of traditional,
but unexpected found the place in forming of the virtual space.
Bureaucracy as the agent
of generation institutional disfunctions
Second half XX century and the beginning of XXI century
is time of blossoming of bureaucracy as institutional like the
social subject, and, backbone and system supplying. There was
the bureaucratic oligarchy gradually consolidated in an
independent class and aiming to transform all of the society in
object of management. A science about social management, a
sack it is total social management, social engineering - here
symbols of these agents. They are the main and universal
subject of its second half XX century. Therefore the modern
social monitoring system on a source of extremely scale control
and compulsion it is possible to name bureaucratic. The
bourgeoisie reproduces for bureaucracy object of management the market with its riches and periodic crises; the bureaucracy
creates to it optimum conditions of development and an exit
from these crises. Capitalism has changed: It has renounced
market freedom, recognised a relativity of market principles and
necessity of external management as the market. On history
arena there was a new class with the historical mission and
CHAPTER 4. SOCIAL SPACE UNDER THE IMPACT 83
accurate interests - bureaucratic corporation - "texnocratic
elite". There was a new social conflict - between bureaucracy
and bourgeoisie absorbed by it, - on the one hand, - and civil a
society - with another. Bureaucracy - the creator virtual and
disfunctional a social reality. Its world is the world of
formalisations. He is assured that the form of social life is
always perfect, when corresponds to the initial sample instructions which creates the world on the sample. K.Marx
named "spirit of bureaucracy" "spirit of theology" since the
bureaucracy is "a texture of practical illusions" [22].
The bureaucracy aspires to supervise and introduce the
initial ideal samples created by it. It is necessary for other world
for them to submit. From the point of view of bureaucracy
independent development of the valid social world is
destruction of initial perfection and consequently is
inadmissible and criminally. The bureaucracy aspires to resist to
activity of people and to replace it. Formal reason of "an ideal
social reality" and bureaucracy action resist to practical reason
and the valid social life of a civil society.
Thus, in position of social actor his social space consists of
two levels, two plans for orientation in social daily practice:
“social reality” and “social actuality”. So it is need to
distinguish in social theory and separate visibility of social life
as social reality from the valid, actual, its practical maintenance
hidden from the observer, living in peace daily experience
forming a picture of “common sense” – social actuality. Social
reality is a social world in which directly there live people and
the world which they see such what they in a picture of social
reality. The world of a social reality is likelihood, unstable,
ephemeral world. Exponential information growth gave rise to
“information resonance” – occurrence of process of selfgeneration of the symbolical, imagined social world (social
reality), to self-generation independent of the social actuality its
new forms. The imagined world has started to go in advance the
actuality. From “material” of constantly growing images new
samples possible social an expert, provoking their competition
to the settled forms of the social actuality are born.
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 84
Very many new actors as agents of a social break are born
also. Thus, the growing overabundance of the information and
backlog from it knowledge volume generates, finally, agents of
uncertainty, chaos and risk, i.e. the expert as short-term,
unstable, not planned, having absolutely likelihood character
forms programs of social interactions as virtual.
Chapter 5. Consequences of information
supertension in communicative interactions
n my opinion one of the actual task of social theory is
O
the bridging the gap between analyses such social
phenomena as communication and information. This break was
result of opening the topic of research in independent spheres as
communication science and informatics and won’t let to
consider these sides of society in their unity and conditionality.
Author propose to interpret the correlation of communication
and information as unity of form and content of social
interaction. On my opinion, the processes proceed in global
communication interactions define by growth the intensity and
dimension of sending information, that lead to contradictory
changes in structure of social interaction. First of all, increase
destructive processes that transform the systems of social
interaction.
Information as substance exists just in interactions of
subjects only through communication. With transition to
information society person as “substrate” of interactions
undergoes itself radical transformations. “Individualization” is a
symbol of transformation of this substrate to start using by
Z. Bauman. On his opinion, the society is coming into
XXI century, differs from all others historic forms of man’s
existence. It was formed not in virtue pursuit of any single
individuals but as a result of action of objective anonymous
forces and tendencies. Individualization is the growth of
individuals’ isolation due to separate character of activity or
further development differentiation of social communication.
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 86
This is due to two interrelated reasons: high and increasing
speed shift of meanings and increasing quality of meanings
(information) [1].
Stability and increasing in the whole society surplus of
information produces the anomie – oversupply of the models
for the choice of role behavior. But anomie growths in the
conditions of control over the resources from the direction of
other meaningful actors. That’s why the orientation toward
“another” as the condition of attainment underlying the
interaction and so action. Information organized as source, i.e.
ready to operate as individual tool of attainment lets actor to be
focused not on other but on the normative order made by him.
Z. Bauman calls this phenomenon individualized society, S.
Lash states the substitute of norms on individual values. The
theory of “individualized society” by Z. Bauman could be
interpret as the theory of permanent and increasing anomie,
serving as base of modern society and current process regard as
had been provoked by increasing growth of information
streams, which collapse on single actor. Along this lines could
be interpret the theory of growing out uncertainty of S. Lash
which defines by him as the substitute of norms on individual
values and the substitute of holistic society on social world of
growing communities [2].
However, while modern social theory doesn’t answer the
question: where the information wave from “information
explosion” will stop and which destructions social space will be
undergone. The goal of this lecture is to define the
consequences of transformation of social system after the
impact of information streams, especially, paying attention to
the mutations, had occurred in the elementary cell of society –
the system of social interaction.
CHAPTER 5. CONSEQUENCES OF INFORMATION SUPERTENSION 87
Information as a source of contradiction
in system of social interaction
As long as information is a knowledge that organizes for
translation, that is technological knowledge oriented toward
inclusion in practice, then information economics is not
economics of objects exchange and energy (activity) but
economics of symbolic exchange (simulation), when objects,
energy and activity substitutes for symbols (symbolic world,
simulacrums), exchanging and consuming not the subject’s
properties but ever new fragments of knowledge about objects.
It is occurs the consumption of “information about
information”. Thus, information becomes a substance of society
rather than cost (like in industrial civilization, based on
capitalist business system) and substrate becomes a symbolic
world as nonobjective (against the objective substrate
“commodity world of goods” of industrial civilization).
The practice of actor provided more no socially but
particularly like his orientation on his own norms. At the same
time the information stays socially generated factor of
attainment and orientation in social space. But appears new –
“information social”, in the sense that appears new substrate of
social relations. Social control and constitution of social
communities moves into the space of virtual, imaginary,
secondary and “parallel” social world. But information
resources and conditions information production pursue
defining in the sphere of real social practice. That’s why social
reality double and becomes practical and virtual. And that is
contradiction and antipathy of changed social interaction.
Virtual changes not only information (its goals and content) but
it changes practice like resources, having natural and social
character. In case when action determined predominantly by
virtual that social action is proceeding under pressure compelled
practical and virtual action.
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 88
Information could be conceives as unity of meanings
(substrate) and communications (functions). Revealing of
empirically existing elementary item of a system, having its
qualitative specify precede exposure substance of system. Such
element (cell) is a system of social action as action otherdirected subjects and is taking place in the form of
communication. This is a system because it’s unity of two
interdependent sides: subject of action (actor) and “other”. Act
as “other” may certainly existing subject or multiplicity of them
or other any objects of social origin that accomplish the
function of object of orientation. Thus reduction elementary
item of a system only just to subject-subject interaction is
fixation one of its possible forms. Orientation to “other”
shouldn’t take it too literally as orientation to other subjects –
concrete, empirically presented individuals. Actually, in any
case subject orientates to scheme-image of “other” given by
him in his own picture of reality. Therefore, universal mediator
of interaction between people is meanings as intellectual
constructions organized by characteristics of social. From this
point of view primary social system consist of subjects united
semantic (mental) constructions, organized by characteristics of
social. In any case actor orientates to scheme possible action,
acceptable for him picture of the world. Denote this picturescheme like virtual. Thus one might argue that actor is guided
not only by social but by virtual social. In this fact assumes
precondition of splitting of system’s action, ambivalence of
orientation. At the same time actor is guided by social (by birth
and by content) and by virtual – mental substitute of social (as
system of practice but not ideal “pictures” of reality). Thus
parallelism of social space put initially as possibility.
Information becomes empirically general, “totality” during
its unlimited growth at the same time is becoming a commodity
and is exists itself as historic modus of commodity as
empirically given cell of capitalism. The process of development information as unity of meanings and communications
CHAPTER 5. CONSEQUENCES OF INFORMATION SUPERTENSION 89
is underlying of that conversion. Communication as abstract
and universal function of social being can infinitely increase
(like capital as self-increasing cost) and infinitely consume
constantly is turning into substrate – new meanings. Meanings
consume without limit at the same time losing the property to
be the meanings (i.e. to be directed to something and for
something) thereby turning into functions of communications.
Thus meanings turn to communications. Communication for
communicate emerge and exchange “meaningless meanings”.
This is communication without meanings. At the same time
over the capital is overbuilding its modus - self-increasing
communication. The consumption for communication without
scope becomes the main law of information society.
Information and communication in resonance
Information is the foundation of social as collective
people’s being, i.e. existing in interactions and only as
interaction occurs in the form of system of communications. It
is a sensual-pretersensual people’s being as interacting
individuals. Information has outsubject – system – existing
albeit and is embodied in goods – carriers of data. Thus it is a
social quality of “second-order” as opposed to materially
empirically given carriers of data that are social qualities “first
order”. In this regard information as social quality in single
“commodities” (carriers) doesn’t materialize but shows
integrative qualities of society as whole. Social action, i.e.
underlying of all messages as quanta person’s action is directed
to “other”, is guided by “other” and at the same time directed by
“other”. Through this orientation realizes general bond of actor
with whole society (indirectly and symbolic way, through
individual picture of social world - virtual) and quantum of
information presents as empirically given, concrete “cell” of
society given from the direction of special system quality –
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 90
social “second plan” (ideal) of society as system of ideal
qualities.
The above reasoning let to specify the nature, structure and
mechanism of functioning of basic system of society – social
action. Social actions in form materially-objective and in
content are ideal (mental) schemes of actions. These mental
constructions are “consist” of operational and operationaled
schemes of actions transmitting through communication. Its
production is a condition and result of collective actions that
constitutes society and sociality. That’s why social actions and
interactions are the information interactions. The existing of
society is the process of its reproduction and development like
information substance, way of being of special – ideal –world,
generated by society and generates that society.
The dividing of meanings and communications could be
only in thinking and in reality one of this is the alter ego of
another. Meanings as good are the communications because the
information embodied in it as operational schemes of social
actions. Information occurs the universal way of maintenance of
social bonds between people and changing into commodity and
capital. Information begins to submit to embodied by its system
quality – total process of communications in its moving.
Society turns to condition when individuals communicate for
communications, changing communication into fetish and
information into tool serving to this fetish. Outwardly we
observe mischief and celebration of increasing streams of
information, however it’s semblance out of which total
predominance of other process - communication for
communication. Information technology and technics in
generation, handling and transmission of information supply the
process of unlimited expansion of communication space.
Actually, information era is era of race for new effects of
increasing and varied communication. However, this fact
cannot exist without the other. As well as communication
supposes information and information supposes communi-
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