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Файл:The Information Resonance in Social System. Monograph
.pdf
CHAPTER 5. CONSEQUENCES OF INFORMATION SUPERTENSION 91
cation. Connecting-link of these opposite sides of social action
is meanings. Through communications individuals build their
life socially sensible and through these meanings suppose and
realize the need in targeting and purposful-rational actions that
make them subjects and social actors. Since information
constitutes the system of quantum of information – operational
schemes of actions insomuch as individuals are being included
in that system and having such system qualities like semantic
structures (the social quality of first-order) and communication
(the social quality of second-order) are obtaining new class of
qualities – superquality – schemes of socially generate schemes
of actions. That is the way how social (like the higher
integrative quality) suppose itself in the actions of individuals
and so integrate acquired by its in individual experience
meanings of actions and tools of communication.
Consequences of information supertension
The result of exponential growth of information tensity in
the channels of communications was appearance a number of
destructive forms of social action. Take note of computer
dependence and dependence from virtual reality, appearance
psychosocial deprivation because of the virtual interactions and
consequences of “information explosion” that had changed the
structures of professional and daily behavior.
One of the first who paid attention on the human’s
technological dependence and appearance of virtual dependence
was British psychologist M. Griffits, early researched the
features of behavior of gamblers [3]. However, long before him
fantast K. Saymak in the foreword to his novel “The town”
prevented that: “There is nothing bad in the technic, but that is
bad is our thoughtless passion of it. We are idealizing the
machinery, in a sense we bought our souls by its… There are
another, absolute values, other than the technological progress
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 92
carries…Under the influence of technic our society and thinking
loses humaneness” [4].
The modern information and communication technology
(ICT) (mixed media, artificial intelligence and so on) can
penetrate, first of all, in the sphere of human’s everyday
experience. ICT, as opposed to other technologies, that realize
only in the sphere of material production and subject activity
and properly influencing on mental activity are kulturogenny
and gnoceogenny [5]. ICT penetrate in all mechanisms of social
perception, mass communication, education, training and exert
influence on person forming, way of life, system of
interpersonal communication and so on. Its gnoceogenny
function concludes in aggregate occurs with its help proceeds
and operations influencing on perception and contributes to
increasing of new knowledge.
Main result of introduction modern ICT is radical changing
of mental-practical activity and cultural creation. With the
advent of ICT had occurred the number of qualitative change
such as: intensification of information stream due to essential
super-high-speed transfer of information; increase of
availability of information because of large-scale spreading and
relatively low cost of Internet connection; increasing of variety
and degree structuredness of information, the possibility
of its conversion in easily read formats; availability of constant
feedback (momentary) synchronous or suspended (asynchronous) two-sided exchange of information); interactivity or
involving of people in active exchange of information;
numerical language of Internet network organized as hypertext
and, as result, its intertextuality; specific model of functionality;
extension system (functions: communicative, informing,
training, recreational, self-actualization, self-representation etc.)
As affected new information technology occur considerable
changes of cognitive practices of individuals and everyday
culture in whole. For the excessive users of media-technics
(DTV, videoplayer, game console, computer, Internet) the
CHAPTER 5. CONSEQUENCES OF INFORMATION SUPERTENSION 93
virtual reality sometimes begins to cover and even change the
real world. Instead of active including in social institutes,
organizing family unions, focusing on workmanship the part of
young people regularly “sink into “virtual reality”. According to
research results of sociologists, psychologists and medical man
among humans not rarely one can meet individuals who has
different dysfunction, fixed thoughts, apprehension or
singleness, identified as using Internet hard and so pathology
way [6].
According to company “Fund “Public opinion”” data as of
august 2009 total amount of users of Internet network in Russia
(from 18 years old included) was 40 million people of
population in Russia about 142 million people the dynamic of a
number of active audience of Internet network was from 2002
the quality of them who “goes to network” every day or in a day
increased in 10 times from 2,1 million to 21,3 million people
[7]. In recent years the society faces a global problem as
acceleration of social processes. There is a high turn of changes
in advertisement backing. Survey about 450 american
advertising man have shown that for the past two years 70 % of
them had changed their workplace. They didn’t keep pace with
request of fast feed [8].
Decline of information quality occurs due to quickly
increasing of its quality in form of obstruction, pollution of
“information garbage”, “information waste products” and even
infection by “information poison”. It has been experimentally
established that human brain is able to receive and exactly
process information at rate no more than of 25 bits per second.
For this type of speed of adoption intra vitam a person may read
no more three thousands of books, by noting that will everyday
interpret about 50 text pages. Experts think that if research only
fresh literature that on every read page will fall at 10 thousands
who won’t able to overcome it physically. There is term as
“waste factor” gives evidence of the books that nobody reads.
In Germany as for this special studies were conducted and the
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 94
result was that one of the Berlin library the “waste factor” is
about 90% [9].
Internet is usual element of everyday life that in some
degree verifies the thesis about impact of new ICT on everyday
life and the processes of perception and cognition of the outside
world. From the one side, growth of new knowledge, interests
and meanings lets to individual construct them their individual
world, but in the same time in the conditions of intensive
information stream the negative bias excite suspicion, so-called
“risks of information society” connected with surface (mosaic)
perception of the world around and replacement of mental
culture by particular knowledge, deformation of spare time,
orientation on the entertainment, exclusion of real living
converse, changing the character of human mind from creative
to instrumental and formalized.
The influence of using ICT on the person is new and
important sphere in microsociology. Special object of features
of persons’ development and processes of communication in
conditions of claiming new kinds of human’s activity through
new information technology. The key problem axis of
sociological research of influence of ICT on human is
establishment of contradictory consequences of its penetrating
in public and private everyday life. Every participant has
various involving of using of Internet-resources in the process
virtual interactions. E-democracy, variety of interactive
communication, freedom of creative self-presentation give
place to information shock, “netiquette”, absorption by
communication through the Internet, social exclusion.
Many modern researchers that analyze the influence of
virtual interactions on individual note that is occurring the
formation of new personality in the conditions of global
introduction of information and communication technology.
The process of resocialization of human frequently realizes
electronic mass media and Internet. Individual frequently adopts
patterns of behavior, social norms and values of modern society
CHAPTER 5. CONSEQUENCES OF INFORMATION SUPERTENSION 95
in virtual space. Some authors think that is possible to talk
about the formation of virtual person together with physical and
social human development. In the opinion of V.N. Scherbina
the key trait of such person is communicative capacity [10].
In virtue of technical features the information technology
are able to provide wide possibilities of active impact on senses
and subconsciousness of individual and on his psychological
and physiological condition. First of all are impacted more
psychologically unprotected social strata as children and
teenagers and the most active part of population – young
people.
The existence of virtual individual bias on real psychic and
social human activity in the conditions of total including in the
information technology and comes to significant internal
changes. First of all need to pay attention on the objectivization
of human needs in the process of virtual interactions. Among
the traditionally described by psychologists basic needs could
be defined information and communication needs, realizing by
users of Internet: cognitive (search of new information,
advanced training, getting of expert opinion); communicative
(related, intimate, friendly, business communication); needs
in self-development (creative realization, self-education,
demonstration of achievements); recreation (games, spare time,
hobbies); affiliation (new contacts, collaboration, research of
associates, involvement in group, partnership). Communicative
and information needs compelled and could be satisfied with
Internet, frequently, so simple and with help of usual tools of
communication.
ICT often comes to deprivation, i.e. to limitation, defraudation of human in something. Deprivation appears in such
life’s situations when is difficult to satisfy some needs
adequately or for long [11]. Psychic deprivation leads to lagging
intellectual, emotional and personal development. As respects
mentioned above negative sides of introduction of multimedia
technology may assert that here there is a social but not only
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 96
psychological and psychophysiological side of individuals’
deprivation. It emerges in insufficiency of performance of
social functions and social roles that lead to impossibility of
satisfaction the important social needs, reduction of individual’s
social contacts.
The individual’s condition when overuse of new
information technology leads to insufficient satisfaction of
information-communication needs and other kinds of needs and
as consequence to deformation or modification of personal,
social, professional, material and family values may names
psychosocial deprivation as a result of virtual interactions [12].
Such deprivation occurs in discomfort and destruction that
appears as result of information overload, in interpersonal
alienation connected with permanent communication with
computer, deformation of person in internet-communication, in
human phobias of computer mediated of essential social
functions, in frustrations because of constantly increasing
stream of information etc.
The most common demonstration of psychosocial
deprivation as result of virtual interactions is information
overload and technostress In essence all informationcommunication tolls (radio, telephone, computer, mobile
phones, global networks as Internet) were created with the aim
of satisfaction of human basic need – information, cognition.
Information need implies, first of all, existence of exhaustive
information (than more we know, than better), secondly, its
efficiency and, thirdly, knowing of value and importance of
received information. In modern society in the foreground are
information human’s needs. New technologies and tools of
mass replication and spreading of information order to user the
access to a great number of cultural, scientific, news data.
Because of new possibilities of electronic media (TV console,
surfing, hyperlinks on the catalogues, encyclopedias etc.) the
consumption of information is turning into active process of
selection of data that interesting for users. Active users of
CHAPTER 5. CONSEQUENCES OF INFORMATION SUPERTENSION 97
Internet has not only access to global different information
origins but become self-dependent participants of mass
communication, when produce individual documents everyday
(texts, pictures, audio and video files and so on) and broadcast
the product of their creative work for the certain audience, put
the stuff in the network.
Among the symptoms, characteristic of stresses, connected
with information overload are the growth of cardiovascular
diseases, eyesight degradation, constant frustration and loss of
orientation, malevolence to one’s people (is a last resort
aggression). According to International Labour Organization in
the October 2000 year in USA, Great Britain, Poland, Germany
and Finland depressions and stresses are account for early
retirement or temporary disability in sizable number of cases.
Exhaustion connected with huge dimensions of information
have been typical for quarter of managers in Great Britain,
USA, Australia, Hong Kong and Singapore, about half of
questioned showed signs of chronic stress, albeit they didn’t
connected its directly with informational overload. Internet and
new technologies let alone intensifying but underlying the
problem of information overloads. For the network is more
typical sructuredness of information stream than for other
environments. If user has a clear idea of which exactly
information need during the search to him offer huge number of
unnecessary information and mass of energy spends on simple
recognition of publish information in the Network. Using of
search engines becomes less trivial task and ability to ask to
search engines right questions, unfortunately, usually isn’t on a
list of obligate skills of mid-level manager [13].
During one of the researching, made by agency Reuters
Business Information were asked 1313 managers of different
levels in Great Britain, USA, Australia, Hong Kong and
Singapore. 25 % questioned admitted that in some degree feel
exhaustion because of the huge dimensions of information with
which they ought to deal. 50 % agree that huge dimensions of
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 98
information need them for the effective work. Besides, were
defined next forms of influence of information overload:
the habit to delay the execution of tasks and loss of time;
storage of important business decisions (43% of asked)
bias to distract from basic labor charge;
tension in communication with one’s people (two thirds
of asked)
stress and loss of satisfaction from the job (two thirds of
asked)
besides, often physical illness (one third of asked; 43 %
senior managers) and breaking up (62 %).
According to data of researches from Reuters Business
Information, 20 % of senior managers assert that much of time
dedicated to search and collection of information. 44 % of
asked think that this information is not as valuable for the
business that spends on it so much time. 48 % of asked
think that Internet is the main reason of overload. Almost 80 %
of asked explain considerable information pressings predominantly by sharp growth of interaction among colleagues
inside the company, and so communication with clients and
partners. As far as suffering from information overload not in
the condition to control all variety of information production
and reasonably control its consumption. This is the task of
consumer but not the producer (client not the server). In the
process of knowing new should be enough clear aim [14].
Immediate result of exponential growth dimensions of
information because of spreading new technical tools the
communication becomes information overloads (similar
definitions “information boom”, “information crisis”, “information shock”). Jim Gol gives next definition of notion
information overload: “This is condition of confusion and
passivity that occurs on who search the information, when they
find everything beside directly required supplies” [15].
Such overloads might promote a sense of strangeness,
confusion and disappointment, deep depressions, and as result,
CHAPTER 5. CONSEQUENCES OF INFORMATION SUPERTENSION 99
nervous breakdown. The physical discomfort when working
with computer, monotonous pose, eye strain, reducing the
possibility to control one’s work could be the reason of
technostress.
Syndrome of information tiredness has the characteristics of
real illness, emotional tension increases at intensity of
informational stream, increase the pulse rate, rising of skin
temperature, occurs prestress and stress condition. At early
stages sick people have next symptoms: forgetfulness,
dispersion and weak ability to concentrate, sleep disturbance
and headache. During its further development occurs onsets of
spontaneous fury and aggression, eyesight degradation and
indigestion, elevate arterial pressure, intermittency in cardiac
rhythm. Timely treatment removes these manifestations of
information illness if information overloads don’t have
permanent nature.
Unstructured, repeated and unclaimed information specifies
social contradiction between exponential growth dimension of
information and limited human possibilities to perceive and
treat its. Because of the big streams of information human need
more time and strengths for search, become hard to orientate in
huge mass of found materials, it’s impossible to completely
remake it and perceive for the further comprehension and
analysis. As result rational and weighted decision-making is
difficult. Technostress is a form of psychosocial deprivation,
that occurs in different psychological disturbances one there
carries out a big part of his work time into interaction with
office automation. There are a number of other problems that
connected not with surplus but with the shortage of information
beside information stress. The society during its long story
produced a great deal of ways to undermine information
shortage. It conditionally subdivided into legal, open, and
illegal, secret, disguised. The first of these include science,
statistics, examination, document analysis, questionnaire
survey, analytic elaborations, prognosis studies, media,
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 100
advertisement, personal contact and others. Illegal origins
include unapproved observations and direct espionage.
Thus, Internet, displacing habit tools of communication is
changing it by new that result to appearance new forms of
human interaction with outside world. Internet-communication
doesn’t exclude and doesn’t substitute for tradition kinds of
communication, but it has specific form and has its own goals,
techniques and arrangements. Internet has become a universal
communicative arrangement for unlimited quantity of
informational exchange and infinite access to any resources.
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