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Файл:The Information Resonance in Social System. Monograph
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CHAPTER 11. INTEGRATION AS RESONATOR FORMATION 221
unique origin under the given temporal and special conditions
(as separate), but by the inclusion into the general link with
other representatives of their kind – other societies. This general
link is a special link for them, an inner ground for their genetic
distinctness and integrity. But this link is not realized directly
but indirectly through the united, general genesis. Integration
with other representatives of their kind social acts as indirect
link. In this case two grounds presuppose each other. Thus, the
integrative ground of the world history integrity operates as a
development process of systems of separate social organisms.
The genetic ground (genetic succession) acts as the third
integrity ground. It is the author’s opinion that the genetic
ground lies in the time transmission of separate social
organisms’ genotypes or their typical region-al, local and world
civilized and cultural features. The genetic ground is formed in
the process of social and historical forms development. The
study of integrity genetic ground presupposes integrity
components study that is accumulated in the development
process and in the process of their accumulation. The issue of
the integrity genetic ground study is first of all the issue of
formation study of local societies and regional civilizations,
their stability to modifications from the sides of inner crises and
shocks. It is also the formation study of a special social
genotype of a separate social organism or regional civilizations;
they are taken by the author as an data organized (cultural and
civilized) mechanism, providing with the structure
reproduction, social institutions, formation principles, processes
of training, selection and positive experience memorization in
the system of social government that guarantee separate social
organisms survival as under the conditions of «normal»
development, as under the conditions of civilized components
restructuring and changes of whole civilized blocks during the
reforms and revolutions epochs.
The research of the genetic ground of history integrity poses
not a problem of study for transfer mechanism from one stage
of the public development to another as a society type, but study
PART III. GLOBAL AND HISTORICAL CONTENT 222
of survival mechanism of this evolution bearers as a transfer
mechanism of civilized and cultural structures from the social
organism of one type to the one of the other type, the separate
social organism being saved.
Specific types of separate social organisms
as products resonance process
There are discovered specific types of separate social
organisms of different epochs and civilizations and marked out
typical forms of their space location; there are revealed the
provision mechanism of all-sufficiency for existing specific
types of separate social organisms and clarified the connection
between the provision of local all-sufficiency of a separate
social organism with the one of world all-sufficiency, as well as
the embedding mechanism of the world connection into the
local one.
Different forms of primitive society organization are
analyzed for the purpose of revealing an all-sufficient
formation. The author considers a tribal organization (a tribe) to
be such a formation. In the tribal superstructure organization
there was «coded» a genotype of all-sufficiency (and integrity)
for a dual and generic, tribal form of a separate social organism
for primitive state. Behavior standards (culture), production
organization and tribal societies’ management (proto
civilization) were mediated by the information kept in the
«tribal code». Its specificity was in the fact that it had neither a
biological character (generic structure) nor a social one (cultural
standards). It was their «mould» (as a «mould» of integrative
quality). It means that the unity of tribal culture and a way of
managing a tribe through the interaction (external connection)
was produced by the tribe with the tribal code (internal
connection). The tribe itself (superstructure) did not define and
regulate economic and social relations management activities.
The tribal organization controlled proportionality measurements
of component aggregates of tribal order. The originality of a
CHAPTER 11. INTEGRATION AS RESONATOR FORMATION 223
tribe as a code depository consisted in the fact that it was not
personified was not a special function of a special people group,
responsible for organizing the tribal order. The tribe as an
organization is all members’ combination of tribal order. The
tribe social structure is a structure, consisting of generic groups.
They were not integrative economically or organizationally.
The embedding mechanism of primitive locality into
universalness did not leave the tribe boundaries and represented
internal differentiation deepening of a duel and tribal
organization into other new tribal communities. In this sense the
tribal epoch universalness was guaranteed not due to other
tribes’ contacts but due to repeated internal differentiation of
every tribe individually. As a result of such a «reflection» a
tribal form of social organization secured the productive forces
progress and formed prerequisites for the transfer to the
civilization.
Guided by the numerous works in ancient and Middle-aged
history, the author marked out a number of specific types of
separate social organisms inherent in different regions,
civilizations and stages of social history beginning at III B.C.
They are the following: 1/ «nom» /a city-state of Schumer
«river civilization»/; 2/ oriental ancient despotism with weak
central government /Mesopotamia. The beginning of II B.C.../;
3/ despotic ancient Egypt with strong Pharaoh governing;
4/ amorphous ancient empires /Achaean, Hittite, Mittanean,
Middle Assyrian; 5/ aggressive centralized empires of late
antiquity / Assyrian; /; 6/ «city state» /above all in Greece and
Rome/; 7/ interregional empires uniting genetically polytypic
civilizations/Macedonian and Roman/; 8/ Indian civilization /
with its river agriculture and caste organization /; 9/In and Shan
empire in ancient China.
By my opinion, 1/ an all-sufficiency way in its essence
coincided in all ancient periods, but differed in mechanisms in
each of them and was specific for every type of a separate social
organism; 2/ all-sufficiency of every social organism was
incomplete as every exact social organism, belonging to the
definite type of separate social organisms, was not all sufficient
PART III. GLOBAL AND HISTORICAL CONTENT 224
by itself but only in the system with other social organisms; 3/
there had place several types of social organisms that were at
the same time the types of substantial ground of the social
integrity in epoch of a primary civilization.
Substantial ground types of world history integrity in the
antiquity were not brought together with ones of separate social
organisms of this historical period but represented the separate
social organisms’ systems typical for every ancient period,
which guaranteed all-sufficiency of the existence of definite
types of social organisms, a production method and operation
methods. Therefore systems of separate social organisms acted
as some system-based «background», «space», where there
could get their development as separate social organisms as
their compound parts – production methods, operation types,
states and cultures. I offer the separate social organisms
typology of the secondary stage of the agricultural and
industrial civilization that is traditionally called in the science
«feudalism» or a period of «Middle Ages». In this epoch there
existed three regions of specific synchronism of separate social
organisms’ development: Europe (with Russia), the Near and
Middle East, the Far East. They were delimited from each other
enough, regionally localized and all-sufficient. In the second
large historical epoch there almost completely disappeared
social organisms based on the slavery, centuries-old
development of Asian production way (state-communal), which
was presented by three regional types of social organisms:
middle-eastern – Moslem, Indo-Buddhist and Chinese.
European communities developed more and more dynamically,
they were based on so called «German» property form, which
got the name feudalism.
In my opinion, mass appearance of new peoples in the
historic (civilized) stage became an event-trigger border that
separate one period of the world history from the other one. The
transfer from Antiquity to the Middle Ages meant first of all the
change of one regional super systems of separate social
organisms into the other ones. Region nature being saved, its
space was organized by other social organisms, which were
CHAPTER 11. INTEGRATION AS RESONATOR FORMATION 225
based on new grounds of their integrity. There can be singled
out several types of all-sufficiency of separate social organisms
and its organization ways in this historical period, presented by
different types of social organisms. The following things belong
to them: 1/ productively adaptive (Western, Southern and
Middle Europe). The Russian type was closer to the Northern –
European variety and kept in the same type in a general way;
2/ traditionally adaptive (Byzantium); 3/ politically adaptive
(ethacratical, economically distributive) /Arabic-Osman
society/; 4/ conservatively adaptive (a professionally conservative, disintegrative model) /India/; 5/ politically distributive and adaptive /China/.
There cleared up usage possibilities of the traditional
category «capitalism» for the typology of the specific variety of
postindustrial society. I consider that in respect to the
integrative approach «capitalism» is not a social type, and is not
a single integrative quality as an interaction result of civilized
and cultural components, but one of the integrative qualities that
has limited nature and appears in the sphere of material welfare
production. Interacting with other integrators it brings a
different interaction degree to the processes integration in the
social organism of the industrialized type at different stages of
its development.
Post traditional societies, examined in the perspective of
their formation organization, appeared only as historical phases
of one and the same capitalist formation –manufactory, free
competition, monopolistic etc. But these societies, examined in
the perspective of the civilized approach as separate social
organisms, appeared as their several types. It is stated in the
first case that societies submit to one and the same capitalism
system laws, in the second case – they appear as different
organisms with different system laws. The common thing for
communities of the capitalistic formation all stages is the
organization of economic organism in the first case; in the
second – the social organization as the whole. In the first case
the variants of separate capitalist societies are modi of one and
the same capitalism substance. In the second case – every
PART III. GLOBAL AND HISTORICAL CONTENT 226
separate social organism is an independent substance with
general natural (a man-caused civilization) but not with a
general ground. Phase’s models and capitalism stages can not
act as theoretical objects that can be used for creating the
integrity theory of historical process of a man-caused
civilization, because they do not interact with each other.
Separate social organisms relating to different types of a
man-caused civilization act as an integrity subject of the process
of world-wide importance. It is the author’s opinion that the
man-caused civilization is presented by liberal, totalitarian,
social and consensus types of a separate social organization.
The general conclusion is the following: The mechanism of
world connection «embedding» into the local connection acts as
an appearance process of something new for the world history
of the social organism type in the form of its special variety in
the result of the integrative process, where interaction
participants are previous type components of a separate social
organism and nearly coexisting social organisms. Thus, the
world connection showed its worth and realized itself in the
genesis of a new type of a separate social organism.
Integrative processes in formation
European civilization: resonance West and East
Integrative processes in the epoch of Antiquity did not have
a general Eurasian – African character with the center in the
Mediterranean area but acquired a character of «migrant»
integration centers that replaced each other and rotated around
the Mediterranean area. There can be singled out two such
integration centers: Phoenician/the beginning of the 1th. B.C.
/and Greek worlds /1th. B.C. /. As a result of integrating these
two seaside civilizations into neighboring regions the history of
separate Mediterranean regions that were the cradle of Europe
and the West in general became to flow together. By the middle
of the 1th. B.C. there appeared the Mediterranean civilization as
a regional poly structural social organism. Then there came the
CHAPTER 11. INTEGRATION AS RESONATOR FORMATION 227
third integration stage of Antique Europe: the world of Ancient
Greece transfers from the peace colony and predominantly trade
links with contiguous regions (mainly with the East) to the
military expansion overgrown in the attempt to create the world
Trans regional Empire (at A. Macedonian). Its consequences
were radical both for the West and the East. The Hellenistic
world appeared that brought probably the first in the history
extensive and qualitative deformation in the local development
specificity. The result of Hellenism strengthening became a
unity of synthesis and symbiosis of western and Eastern
civilized and cultural structures in separate social organisms of
both regions. The Rome Empire finally arranged the
coexistence of these two worlds, mainly by political means. The
Rome Empire could not create a new type of social organism in
Asia but in Europe integrative processes in the framework of
the empire generated purely a European phenomenon –
Romanization of societies being at the early stage of class
formation. To a greater extent just here there became apparent
an integration effect that generated Europe as a new civilization
and a new type of a social organism on the synthesis basis of
the Roman civilization and barbarian cultures; it became the
start point of the European civilization itself.
The formation of world regional empires in both parts of
Eurasia and Northern Africa at the boundaries of the Antiquity
and Middle Ages was of great importance for forming two main
branches of the world civilization – Western and Eastern. For
Europe the following ones were significant: the empires of A.
Macedonian and Roman one; for Asia and Northern Africa –
the states of Diadochites, later Sassanids, the Osman Empire,
and the Tan Empire in China etc. These subregional formations
did not become simple unitors of heterogeneous and hetero
cultural separate social organisms but they formed stable and
long-run grounds (economic and political) for comprehensive
development of genotypes in the West and the East. The fact of
special importance was that empires as if equalized the strength
of each other not destroying and swallowing each other up, but
PART III. GLOBAL AND HISTORICAL CONTENT 228
transferring the imperial organization form and the expressed in
it genotype to other formations of imperial type.
The processes of both orientalization in Europe and the part
of Northern Africa and hellinization in the East were the
cultural, economic and political «covering», where there
happened to be the formation of two branches of world
civilization. Greek and Phoenician colonization played an
important part in this process, a special Mediterranean
civilization being created as a regional social organism. The
empires existence turned to be inseparable from the further
existence of the most ancient community as a social organism
type for a long time yet; it was connected with the strengthening
of existing regional division of labour and some specific
features of international exchange.
I suppose that integration processes were not of lesser
importance for the beginning of a feudal type society in Europe
and Asia than the development of productive forces and
relations. In this connection in the historical science the
emphasis should be replaced from the examination of feudalism
genesis types as a mechanism of only country speciation of
feudal forms to the examination of genesis types as the variety
of mechanisms of interaction actions in the feudalism
formation. Pure synthesis, mixed or indigene origin of
feudalism on the basis of integration processes of civilized
structures internal elements are conditions in the absence of
which specific, social, economic and political structures could
not appear at all in the West and in the East. The only internal
evolution of production mode could not guarantee the transfer
from a new civilization type and formation relations. And not
because the societies were interconnected, but because their
interaction contributed to the process intensification of
recombining the civilized structure elements and linked
different cultural components up to the process.
Firstly, the problem of researching genetic ground of
historical process integrity reveals as a problem of studying
local civilizations formations, their stability in time and space to
CHAPTER 11. INTEGRATION AS RESONATOR FORMATION 229
modifications and deformations from the side of external impact
and the side of internal crisis and shocks. Secondly, this is a
problem of studying the special genotype formation of a local
civilization as a separate social organism.
Conclusions
The study of social history gives grounds to make a
conclusion that civilizations appear as regional formations, i.e.
as systems of interacting social organisms, where the
connections between them have more intensive character, they
are aimed more inside than outside that guarantees their
integrity for centuries and millenniums. Such formations
strengthen the commonality of internal reasons in the field of
economy, repeatability of social and economic ways of life,
commonality of beliefs, culture, political regimes and traditions.
The mechanism of general features transmission is threefold:
firstly, the periodic formation of new political commonality in
the form of powers or even empires; secondly, peoples, existing
in the given cultural region, as if maintain another nation’s
tradition periodically for creating «their» power, performing the
function of a powerful integrator of civilized features; thirdly, a
new ruling economically and politically nation performs the
mutual enrichment function of life ways of peoples composing
the given region that guarantees the beginning of a new
integrative quality – through symbiosis to synthesis,
modification of traditional social and cultural features and their
development.
The genotype of a local civilization (a separate social
organism) comes through the stages of its development not
losing its nuclear that gives grounds to rank it among one and
the same civilization. There periodically observes the beginning
of a special – meta historical, meta system transmission
mechanism of a regional civilization in the time when it creates
the empire, resorting to borrowings from the other regional
civilizations and culture and compensating the components of
PART III. GLOBAL AND HISTORICAL CONTENT 230
the own development or trying to develop the own individual
specific features to the highest possible degree. As a rule, none
of the cultural and civilized type is transmitted through the time
with the help of one separate social organism. Their regional
system is such a transmitter. The genotype of the West is a
synthesis product of the barbarian world with highly developed
European ancient civilization. In the East the integrative ground
of historical process integrity acts as a prerequisite for a specific
type of genetic integrity ground, when a strong state appears
after conquering one ethno political formation by the other and
creates despotism, dealing such initial features of an eastern
genotype as distributive economy with hypertrophied
redistributing function of a state
There can be marked following forms of social and
historical dialectics of development and downfall of a
civilization: 1/ crisis - catastrophic and 2/ crisis - evolutionary
development way of separate social organisms as two ways of
transmitting civilized and cultural structures through the time.
This is an internal mechanism of realizing the genetic ground
of integrity process of world-wide significance. Another
mechanism of this ground is the assimilation process of the
structures of the environment, where every separate social
organism develops. As a special mechanism of genetic ground
of history integrity there acts a type exchange of integrative
ground of integrity – transfer to another way of integrating new
elements of the environment when a separate social organism
begins to assimilate the external impact in a new way, changing
the type of interactions with surrounding societies.
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