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Файл:The Information Resonance in Social System. Monograph
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CHAPTER 8. RESONANCE PROCESSES IN INTERNET 151
munication. Such rules are most effectively carry out virtual
communication due to the fact that include both the rules of
etiquette and standards of speech behavior. Netiquette does not
have a strict framework and is not common established rules.
Depending on the purpose of communications rules are subject
to change. It should be noted that some general rules for all
users of Internet communications remain unchanged. These
rules assert the principle of parity of the main ethical principles
in the virtual conversation just like in real life.
Rules of online communication include generally accepted
norms of communication adopted in the real world (offline).
Rules of communication include: compliance with rules of
courtesy, a ban on the use of profanity and insult others. Rules
govern the external side of communication, because virtual
communication is verbal form of expression. The purpose of
these rules is to ensure that users do not create visual clutter in
communication and their communication to take place without
any difficulty. For the maintenance of standards and rules in the
online space is moderator. Moderator monitors any violations of
online monitors the communication in open channel chat. He
warns those who violate this chat rules and applay the
appropriate sanctions.
Network security is one of the forms of social security and
problems in this area far from technogeny plan [55]. Internet
problem comes down to implementation of network
communications needs of adequacy of social communication of
the local community.
Influence of communication on the Internet on social
processes offline should not be underestimated, since the
emergence of such a network will play a factor in individual
social identification with the community, eliminating complex
exclusion from the process of global development, mental
stress, associated with a complex of provincialism.
Each user on the network expects other users accepted
performance network rules, because their violation entails great
difficulty working in the network, both technical and human
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 152
factors. There are a number of rules on the Internet that should
be observed by all users for successful communication
The first rule is to limit information noise (spam). Is invalid
(without authorization of the addressee): mass mailing of
messages (advertising, canvassing, etc.), sending e-mails
containing attached files and/or having significant amount;
mailing list, hosted at any Conference messages that do not
match the theme of this Conference; usage of own or given
informational resources as contact co-ordinates at with any of
the above actions, regardless of what network point these
actions have been performed.
The second rule is the prohibition against unauthorized
access and network attacks. It is not allowed to exercise
unauthorized access to network resources, the holding of
network attacks and network hacking and participate in them.
Including prohibited actions aimed at disrupting the normal
functioning of network elements for gaining unauthorized
access to a network resource, the subsequent use of such access,
transmission computer or network equipment of senseless or
useless information, creating parasite load on these computers
or equipment, targeted actions node scanning networks with the
purpose of revealing the internal structure of networks, lists,
open ports, etc.
The third rule in relation to compliance with the rules set by
the owners of the resources: the owner of any informational or
technical resource network can set its own rules for this
resource to use it. Reference to them is published in the point of
connection to such resources and is binding for all users of
these resources.
The fourth rule is the inadmissibility of forgery. The user
must not: use identification data (names, addresses, telephone
numbers, etc.) of third parties; falsify his/her IP address, as well
as the addresses used in other network protocols when sending
data to the network; use non-existent return addresses while
sending emails and other messages to casually refer to the
confidentiality of their own identity information.
CHAPTER 8. RESONANCE PROCESSES IN INTERNET 153
The fifth rule is setting up its own resources. The user
should take the appropriate steps to configure its resources that
would let malicious use of these resources by third parties.
When detecting cases such use to take prompt measures to stop
them. Online, there are not only legal and ethical norms, but
also norms having legal framework governed by State laws
[56]. Legal laws online space as long as it is not always possible
to apply.
Users store in electronic form or host in the Internet music,
photos, drawings, literary works, are subject to copyright. This
means that works without the author's consent, you cannot
show, sell, distribute, etc. but you can save on your computer
web pages, tests, pictures, files, etc., if the user does not provide
commercial benefits, and use is made exclusively for personal
purposes. It is also possible without the author's consent to
quote short excerpts of works, but it is necessary to specify its
name. Sign © is copyright on any work, it warns you that this
work is protected by the law, reminding everyone of the need to
respect copyrights. Many users of the Internet, hiding behind
the pseudonym think that provide full anonymity, but most
servers record the IP addresses of the computers. On the IP
address, you can determine which ISP it belongs to, and
contacting your ISP, you can easily "calculate". Attempts to
access restricted information immediately recorded automatic
protection.
The spread of new communication technologies has become
a major factor in accelerating the processes of social
transformation of society. New technologies are creating
opportunities, which constantly expands the degrees of freedom
of each individual. The possibility of a mediated access to
information different from information exchange in the
framework of interpersonal contacts. Therefore, in modern
theories of mass communication emphasis is placed on the role
of new means of communication-how do they affect the process
of social interaction in modern society [57].
The identified standards of Internet communications
indicate that forming norms and their application in the Internet
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 154
space occurs in the same way as in the offline space. But there
is a difference. The difference is in how the laws are applied to
the offline space, and how much control they have over their
performance. Loses value a number of barriers, due to physical
absence of participants. Individuals kommuniciruâ the Internet,
feel freedom and impunity of their actions, that entails a lot of
negative consequences. To prevent difficulties in the use of the
Internet, there are moderators who monitor violations and apply
sanctions against violators of the rules and regulations of the
Internet.
Conclusions
Using the activity approach to studying the issues we find
plenty of evidence that under the impact of Internet
communications occurs transformation of social space. The
world of computers and technology has defined new activities.
Then came the next period – a new technical environment,
connecting users to the Internet. Communities made the
transition from one phase - based computer without Internet - to
another phase to another technical basis, which spawned new
features users and provided an opportunity for the emergence of
new social communities.
Under the influence of Internet communications is changing
the daily lives of every individual that affects society as a
whole. Socio-cultural consequence of Internet communication
becomes the emergence of new ways of work, leisure activities,
economic, cultural, political and other institutions. All this
proves that the displacing and expansion of earlier relevant
interactions and institutions to the new, virtual interaction and
institutions. Rising new social roles and statuses, transformed
culture.
This gives us reason to believe that the structure of the
social space is being transformed under the influence of
information and communication technologies. Considered by
the facts prove that the development of a global information
network Internet originated particular social space. With the
CHAPTER 8. RESONANCE PROCESSES IN INTERNET 155
transition to the information society with the advent of the
Internet in the social space as a whole there has been a change.
We revealed:
1) likeness, but not identity online and offline spaces and
the simultaneous involvement of individuals in both space;
2) parallelism of the existence of these social worlds and
the tendency towards splitting and even crushing social space as
a voltage rise.
3) predominance of one-way diffusion samples of social
practices and social norms in the direction from online to
offline.
Analysis of the ways of interactions of individuals within
various online communities provides a basis to conclude that
they are distinguished by a greater degree of personal freedom
of participants than in real space. 1) The main sign - freedom of
entry and exit from the community. In addition, the high degree
of diversity performance roles. 2) Dominates not pattern, but his
individual interpretation that only and makes it possible for
Internet interaction. 3) If you experience communications
norms dominates personal initiative, where each rule has its
author. All this suggests that the mechanisms for the
establishment of social norms in online and offline spaces are
different.
My hypothesis. Offline space originally formed many
interacting individuals – conglomeration. They then integrate
into the process of specialization, division of labour and
cooperation. Integration gives samples of collective action,
which are shown as social norms. Many individuals who adopt
these rules become communities. Their interaction forms a
society. Online communities formative path direction opposite.
The most active individual designs samples of interactions
based on their interest. These samples he offers apply online to
other individuals or to impose them. Part of communications
starts spontaneously and voluntarily unite around the sample to
form agglomeration. Then, taking a sample, they turn to the
community. However, the principle of individual origin and
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 156
freedom sample accession (input and output) does not give an
opportunity to many online communities turn into large and
organized, global society. Therefore, society, like the offline
space, online does not arise. Online space as social space
remains deeply differentiated, flexible, precarious. It could not
form a single center and temporarily emerging nodes of
networks are subject to not a vertical hierarchy, such as the
principle of organizing offline space (stratification) and
horizontal logic network, engaging in information and
communicative impact. Therefore, online and offline social
space can not be identical and completely compatible. They can
only co-exist as parallel, albeit overlapping space. This
difference in the way their existence raises the tension between
them, dissonance, which continuously reproduces the conflict
and leads to break of the social space.
So the result of dissemination of information resonance in
the social space becomes a regime of constant dissonance,
strengthening break and the deepening of the conflict between
the social actuality and social reality.
Chapter 9. Networks and social space
of “Second Life”
he turn of XX–XXI century marked by rapid
T
development of the phenomenon of virtualization of
social relations and the growth of research interest in this
phenomenon. This is primarily due to the global Internet. The
construction of the relationship between individuals and social
groups has taken a departure from traditional forms in nature. It
can raise the question of the formation of a new type of space
relationships as part of the social space.
Many researchers have expressed doubts about the
attribution of social contacts between individuals and groups in
the Internet to the category of social relationships and
interactions. In this chapter I plan to make a contribution to this
debate, presenting different views on the issue. I fix on the
views of A. Schutz, P. Bourdieu and M. Castells [1; 2; 3; 4].
Were identified the main characteristics of the phenomenon of
space, used more to describe the virtual space:
1) space exists in the form of descriptive models and
designs in the representations of individuals;
2) space manifests itself only in the activities of these
individuals, as a result of which is formed directly adjacent to
them space;
3) “space” of individuals are connected, and the empty
space between them filled only in the interaction of these
individuals.
Among the methodological assumptions of analysis
occupies an important place to view the phenomenon of social
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 158
space A. Schutz. To characterize the social space Schutz uses
the term “social reality”, pointing to the fact that the social
world (reality, space) is intersubjective in nature [5]. Schutz
stresses that the social world (as space) exists and is reproduced
in the actions and interactions of individuals that make up some
set of meanings and values [6]. Schutz followed Simmel defines
social space as a result of the activities and interactions of
individuals. As a result of interactions formed and continue to
play semantic unity, the value field, having a historical
continuity and length. This field of meanings and values in
favor mechanism of perception by individuals the world around
them.
Bourdieu early in Chapter III of its work, “Bases” indicates
that examines the issue of social space from the position of
structuralism, in his opinion the objective of communication in
social space are links between the positions of the allocation of
resources in the struggle for “scarce goods” [7]. P. Bourdieu, G.
Simmel and A. Schutz examine the social space as a result and
the conditions occurring processes of interaction between
individuals. Bourdieu's approach to the issue of social space
allows us to refine its structure and characteristics:
1) the social space is not reducible to the physical space,
although it is inscribed in it;
2) certain relationships between the positions of individuals
in social space are links between the positions of the
distribution of resources in the struggle for “scarce goods”.
These benefits serve different types of capital: economic,
cultural and symbolic;
3) the perception of social space depends on the objective
(structural) and subjective factors.
Of particular importance for the study of social space has a
model of the networked economy and a more detailed concept
of network society created by modern society theorist
informational society M. Castells [8, 9]. The originality of the
research Castells manifested in the redefinition of the key to
CHAPTER 9. NETWORKS AND SOCIAL SPACE OF “SECOND LIFE” 159
modern sociology and the sciences studying communication,
notions of “informational society”. Castells proposes to
supplement it with the term “informational society”, justifying
the introduction of the concept of analogy with the notion of
"industrial society", which emphasizes the idea of its industrial
scale [10, 11]. The modern media with the use of multimedia
and interactive technologies form a communication system in
which reality, that is, material and symbolic existence of human
social reality, fully immersed in the virtual images, in an
imaginary world in which images are no longer a means of
transferring expertise and own experience. Thus, Castells
actually identifies modern social reality with virtual reality.
That is the concept of network society M. Castells, with
some reservations taken me to interpret the virtual social reality
and justify construct “on-line worlds”. In my view, the social
space is characterized as follows:
1) social space is formed in the process of interaction
(interactions) of individuals and groups, and as a result and a
factor of these processes.
2) design of space can be objective and subjective,
conscious and unconscious, individual and group.
3) position of individuals and groups reflect the distribution
of socially significant resources (economic, cultural and
symbolic capital in Bourdieu);
4) positions of individuals and groups are relative, i.e.
determined only if the reference point provided any position;
Thus, I understand a social space as the ideal structure, that
is the field of social relations between individuals and groups, is
a means of reflection and understanding of reality (physical and
social), characterized by the presence of the coordinate system
(relative).
Internet interpretations
Today there are two main concepts of the phenomenon of
the Internet: a technocratic (the Internet is understood as a
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 160
global network of computer resources with the collective access
using a single standard addressing scheme, high-performance
backbone and high-speed communication lines to the main
network computers, etc.) and socio-philosophical (Internet seen
as a global information space, a complex multi-dimensional
socio-cultural phenomenon, mass communication, information
and communication mediasphere, virtual space, etc.) [12].
Among researchers there is a belief that in addition to those
cases where there is a mean name of the network, the Internet
should not be understood as an international [inter (national) +
networks] a network, namely as [inter (connected) + networks],
ie union, coupling, the relationship of communication networks
[13]. This approach allows us to consider the Internet
as a system comprising a set of harmonized methods, tools
and technologies that enables communication between
heterogeneous computing devices to transfer diverse in form
and content of information and focused on shared use of
railroad system hardware, software and information resources.
At the same time, there is no doubt that in the next few
years the Internet has become a standard channel of social
communication, through which will be the main types of
interactions; remotely work; conducted various forms of
training and retraining to operate the media, pursued the transfer
of funds and vast majority of trading transactions carried
workflow, etc.
The proposed interpretation can already be classified as
Internet user subscribers of both global and local networks, with
no less information and communications capabilities; user IPtelephony, Internet radio and Internet television, instant
messaging, electronic document management systems and other
networks and resources as they become available, development
and inclusion in the overall information exchange. Such a
concept requires clarification of basic concepts of the concept:
"Internet space", "Internet environment", "on-line community",
"Internet audience", "Internet user" "Internet communications",
"Internet resources", "Internet culture", "Internet services", etc.
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