Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:The Information Resonance in Social System. Monograph
.pdf
CHAPTER 4. SOCIAL SPACE UNDER THE IMPACT 71
society. This space is based not chains of electronic impulses,
consists of knots and the communication centres and on
M.Castells the Information epoch is supported by the spatial
organisation of dominating management elite [4].
The existing description of social spaces is reduced to
demonstration of mechanisms on which basis individuals are
“moving” and take positions in this space in compliance with
the templates offered by it by a society. In the field of research
there is no picture (model) of genesis of these templates as
samples and movement directions. Samples are components,
fragments of some conceivable image, the society project,
following to which means life of the individual in a society.
However this picture - visibility, the illusion, the deformed
description hidden after images, myths and false knowledge of
the valid existence of a society. We suggest to distinguish and
separate visibility of social life as "a social reality" from the
valid, actual, its practical maintenance hidden from the
observer, the living in peace daily experience forming a picture
of "common sense" – "the social actuality". "The social reality"
is a social world in which directly there live people and the
world which he sees such what he in a picture of "a social
reality". It is the world wished, expected, mythical, bearing a
faint resemblance to its basis - the social actuality. In this world
people - creators and designers of various social forms the
majority from which cannot take place since they contradict the
social actuality. Therefore the world of a social reality is a
likelihood, unstable, ephemeral world. The definition most
suitable it -"a virtual reality". Whereas the social actuality as
taking place to be, is the world actual, i.e. really taken place
social life. We will define it as" an actual sociality ".
All history of mankind the social reality acted as a cover
behind which the social actuality disappeared from people. But
it was the organic unity of form and content providing integrity
of social space. Thereby social space I suggest to define as unity
of a social reality and the social actuality (outwardly and
internally) and as a way of subordination of its virtual action to
action actual. Always virtual was the intermediary included in
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 72
action, the subordinate to it, not equal to practical action. There
comes an information epoch and the relation between the virtual
and actual is replaced with equal balance. In my opinion, there
was a transformation of base "cage" of system of action, it has
turned to system of actual and virtual action. For the first time
as concept this system has been fixed by me in the book
"System and genetic dynamics of society" and as the concept is
stated in the book "Social system as information interaction"
[5; 6]. In what the reason of such radical transformation of
system of action?
Information resonance effect
From the middle of XX century occurs exponential
information growth. It has generated effect which I name
"Information resonance". In what its essence? Growth of
volume of the information conducts to occurrence of process of
self-generation of the symbolical, imagined social world
("a social reality"), to self-generation independent of the social
actuality, its new forms. The imagined world has started to go
in advance the actuality, reality pictures become more and more
difficult and inappropriate to the actuality. From "material" of
constantly growing images new samples possible social an
expert, provoking their competition to the settled forms of the
social actuality are born also. So actual social action comes to
the contradiction and collision with virtual action. The Worldsystem of virtual actions starts to come off system actual-virtual
and begins own life. There is a formation alternative, parallel
social space, arise new - antiinstitutional norms.
Steady and accruing surplus of the information generates
anomie – the overabundance of models for a choice of role
behavior [7; 8]. The information as a resource is ready to
execute function of individual purpose achievement means, the
standard order allows the actor to be guided not by another, and
on created by him. Permanent and accruing anomie it is
provoked by growth of information streams. It also is an
CHAPTER 4. SOCIAL SPACE UNDER THE IMPACT 73
information resonance. Practice of the actor is caused not
socially, and individually. There is a new virtual social. A
source of social norms and control becomes special - parallel
social space which I designate as "virtual". The virtual space
becomes independent, ceases to be the intermediary in system
of social interaction.
The virtual turns from a social reality (as imagined, fantastic
social world) to special, other social actuality. The certificate of
occurrence of this "other" actuality became the phenomena,
found out by Z.Boudrelard and named it "simulacrum" [9]. The
simulacrum is a chaotic interaction of people and the things,
caused by increase of an information stream. Life of the person
finds itself colorable pseudo-similarity. A simulacrum - a sign
or incomplete actualisation of the phenomena of the empirical
actuality – a product of total expansion of the information.
Practices by means of simulacra seem to the person alternative
to a traditional order.
Thus, the information resonance represents "the wave"
passing a number of stages: differentiation and multiplication of
quantity of the conceivable (imagined) worlds of the social
reality turning to the valid worlds; growth anomie and
polyorientation of actors; occurrence of "resonance zones" strata the alternative social worlds (spaces); conflicts and
decomposition of traditional space of the social actuality grow.
There is an effect which I suggest to name "a space break" [see
Tab. I–IY].
The wave of an information resonance generates 4 stages of
a break of social space:
1) stage of accumulation of critical weight of the social
information (Tab. I);
2) jump stage in growth of the information and occurrence
of zones of an information resonance (Tab. II);
3) conflict stage, disintegrate the social actuality and growth
virtual strata and their agents - actors of a break (Tab. III);
4) stage of differentiation (disintegration) of social space on
set (Tab. IY).
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 74
CHAPTER 4. SOCIAL SPACE UNDER THE IMPACT 75
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 76
Under the influence of change of a role and an information
place in structure of a society we find a prediction of a break of
social space in book S. Lash "Critique of information". He
notices that the information society is characterised by accruing
uncertainty, but it not a deviation from norm, and new norm.
High organized manufacture is embodied in improbable
irrationality (about what, for example, inability of people to
predict and explain crises even more often testifies), and the
society becomes the misinformed information society. Paradox:
huge volumes of the information on a society do not allow it is
better to understand the reasons of crises, to predict them.
S.Lash also suggests the theory of an information society to
name the theory of unforeseen consequences. Steady relations
give way constant, to change. The society goes from a disorder
to a new order. At the heart of processes lies quasianarchy
distribution of streams of the information. Images created by
people and senses become the maintenance of a new reality.
The new form of culture and information distribution becomes
not so much reflexion, how many reality continuation [10].
Now there is a certain new uniform reality, not quite objective
and not quite subjective.
As a result, the individual in the areas of transition from the
social reality to social reality can create "gradients" –
alternative models of action and distribute them to social
reality. Thus formed the "streaming structures”. The
mechanism of their formation there is a transition from mental
activity (as individual acts) to social action. Thus comes the
application of individual paintings in the world (virtuals) for
interaction with other actors. This process is similar to
transitions from individual space (living world) to social space.
This is their ontological parallelism and inidenticaly.
Transition zone indicate a break in the social space. He is
represented as the difference between the virtual space
(individual) and actual (social) action. They form an
autonomous social systems. "Flight of fancy" transfers of
individuals into a parallel social space. And social reality is
social space, as it is designed and structured to resemble
CHAPTER 4. SOCIAL SPACE UNDER THE IMPACT 77
society but provides components and structures that either do
not exist in social actuality, or it may not occur because
contrary to the principles of its organization.
Agents of a break
As materials for revealing of agents of a spatial break the
empirical data which the Russian researcher D.V. Ivanov for the
purpose of working out of the concept virtuality collected
societies can to serve, in my opinion, and, later, "Glamcapitalism" concepts [11;12]. The interesting supervision made
him over actors of the present stage of a postindustrial society,
have allowed me interpretate social roles of these participants of
social transformation as to a role of agents of a break of social
space.
In the conditions of postindustrial economy samples, instead
of real things address in the market. Actually economically
process moves to office of the expert in marketing and the
adviser, in advertising agency and studio of mass media. The
employment structure changed. The share the occupied in
primary and secondary sectors of economy decreases, and the
share of the services occupied in sphere, including mass media,
marketing, consulting and advertising - grows. Thing simulation
in advertising starts to dominate over actually thing. There is an
innovation simulation: for example, there is "a lineup"
phenomenon. There are virtual manufacturers - new type of the
agent of the market. They are manufacturers of the simulative
practices ("designers of images"). There is the virtual
businessman feigning innovations - creation all [13].
It is possible to carry representatives of such mass trades to
new agents, as office designer, the expert in corporate image,
the PR-manager. All of them participate in escalating of the
price of the goods faster, than their costs, thereby participating
in virtualization economy (simulations) as creation of the
blessings, provoking permanent inflation. Also economic crises
therefore have changed: now the rise in prices is directly
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 78
proportional to growth of the goods, rather the reverse, as the
price of the goods joins "virtual cost".
Broker’s boom against less intensive growth of manufacture
so also profitablenesses of actions, it is possible to interpret as
stock market autonomism. Gamble at a stock exchange - trade
in image. There is "a virtual corporation" as the agent of virtual
social space, as to a being on the basis of a communication
network of computer technologies. Such corporation is deprived
vertical integration, the central office, official hierarchy and
attributes of the valid corporation. It is a network of independent
agents of the market (IBM, McDonald's, Benetton, etc.)
Money became not the material assistant to the goods, and
the loan right. The person shows an image of solvency. Money
is personalising. The community "virtually solvent" is formed,
i.e. presence of money is replaced by the image of presence
possibility of money. It is typically virtual phenomenon. This
image feign both private persons, and functionaries of the
financial organisations and players at financial stock exchanges.
In an image of growth of monetary weight they provoke
expansion of the real monetary weight which have been not
provided with labour. Bank as business community (agent) - the
simulator of solvency. The most part of its actives – the loan
rights, i.e. virtual money. Transformation of money into a
simulacrum leads to that appears both roles, and their executors,
and their communities - virtual payers, creditors, borrowers that forms special virtual to start in virtual social space. The
finance as social institute breaks.
The science as activity on manufacture of new knowledge
(opening) turns to institute on perfection and application of
control devices over public resources: financial, human, status,
political. Reproduction of scientific magazines, ritual practice
of conferences, struggle for grants, ranging of research
collectives (universities, laboratories), separate scientists, a
competition for domination of socially-prestigious image,
branding demands for the new research project – all it became
habitual and ordinary. The scientific community represents the
CHAPTER 4. SOCIAL SPACE UNDER THE IMPACT 79
existence in "a scientific reality" only through such practice.
Social experts in a science become competence simulations.
Social institute: the market, firm, the state, political parties,
university, a science - cease to be the social actuality and there
are a virtual reality. Social institutes as set of norms existed
independently from individuals and represented "the social
actuality". Now when following to norms and execution of roles
can be virtual, social institutes, losing the power over the
individual, become images. The virtual actuality includes three
characteristics: nonmatherial influences, convention of
parametres, ephemerality. The effect of following to
institutional norms is reached by creation of images - simulators
of real things and acts; images are stimulated depending on
treatment with their participants of interaction about a situation
[14]. This of rupture to honey stability of structure and the
actions, A. Giddens fixed still and the item Bourdieu in their
concepts of difficult character of maintenance of unity of action
and structure, at the beginning of an information civilization has
anticipated concentration of attention on occurrence of the new
social actuality - virtual and virtual space.
Agents of virtual social space are differentiated on striations
on the basis of new signs – on degree of stylization of
consumption, knowledge of professional work. Style - as unity
of a figurative number is a system of images. Stylization
transforms consumption, knowledge and trades in image
system. Ability to create and support image begins a
determinative of maintenance the status. According to
D.V. Ivanov, new inequalities arise as a consequence of a
competition of stylizations. These new inequalities transform
habitual stratification structure. It becomes fragmentary,
multidimensional and ephemeral [15]. The one who
successfully manipulates in the images or is involved in this
process always gets rather high social status. He perceives a
society first of all as a field symbolical an expert.
Last years D.V.Ivanov has found out occurrence of a special
stage of virtualization, named it "Glam-capitalism" [16]. I
PART II. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 80
consider this stage as the further development of structure of
virtual social space and growth of the space break.
The main agents of this layer of structure of virtual space –
glam-capitalists. They are holders of the author's and adjacent
rights (on inventions, business idea, the text, music, own name
and a body). They supervise most less costly under initial
investments brands. The second new layer are supernew
professionals - creative directors, projects-managers, designers,
stylists, advisers. Glam-capitalism’ capitalists differ from
traditional bourgeoises that they have quickly grown rich and
concern life as to "project". Their style - intensive
superconsumption. They constantly spend efforts to creation of
the product attractive to leaders consumering, their status - a
place among such leaders [17].
In an ultramodern society consumption is implementing
function of communications in numerous, but separated
communities. There were supernew groups: "a creative class"
and "bobos" (bourgeois bohemians). "The creative class" is
concentrated on creation of new forms in everything, has
independent thinking, creatively solves problems (all artists,
writers, musicians, scientific, actors, engineers, designers,
financiers, managers, lawyers, doctors). In total it is third of
cumulative labour. They have been found out for the first time
about 2002 by the American researchers [18, 19]. R. Florida –
has found out the raised concentration of "a creative class" there
where therelive show business stars, professional sportsmen,
top-managers and professionals in the hi-tech companies.
"Bobos" is a bohemian bourgeoisie. Now the bohemia was
made even under the status to traditional bourgeoisie. In bobos
get, when the show business star becomes a producer, the owner
of networks of clubs and restaurants. In 1990 there was new "a
social tribe" - enterprising supermodels. They a consequence of
a combination of styles of life of bohemia and bourgeoisie.
But the main output of their occurrence - they transform
habitual structure of system of statuses.
In the end of XX and the beginning XXI century "lemon
like stratification" is replaced by "pear like" one – bimodal
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]